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Table 1.5 (continued) Alaska as % of U.S. 1990 U.S. April 1 2000 % of Population % of Responses U.S. April 1 1990 Percent 0.22% 281,421,906 100.00 248,709,873 100.0 288,764,438 211,460,626 75.14 0.21% --- 199,686,070 80.3 216,930,975 75.12 2,475,956 0.88 4.37% --- 1,959,234 0.8 4,119,301 1.43 34,658,190 12.32 0.07% --- 29,986,060 12.1 36,419,434 12.61 10,242,998 3.64 0.27% --- 7,273,662 2.9 11,898,828 4.12 398,835 0.14 874,414 0.30 15,359,073 5.46 0.07% --- 9,804,847 3.9 18,521,486 6.41 6,826,228 2.43 3,824,670 1.32 35,305,818 12.55 22,354,059 9.0 20,640,711 7.33 race as it was defined in the 1990s. Until numerator data is produced on a multi-race basis we recommend that anyone producing incidence rates use the “bridge” series denominators. For a more extensive discussion of multi-race, the reader is directed to Greg Williams’ Race and Ethnicity in Alaska, Alaska Economic Trends, October 2001. In addition to the problems of race in the 2000 Alaska census, problems in processing the 2000 census have led to problems of misrepresentation of age for children under 18. The problems are particularly noticeable in rural Alaska. The basic census form used in door-to-door enumeration allowed for only 5 household members to respond (six on the mail-out form). If the household was larger, the persons were listed on the back and a supplementary form was used for the characteristics of the additional persons. In the processing, the private data contractor separated the supplementary forms and the connecting information was lost. This meant that the age of children less than 18 years of age had to be “imputed” for a substantial number of children based on the age distribution of similar households by a method statisticians refer to as a “hot deck”. The method assumes that people list their children on the census form in random order, rather than sequentially. In fact, most persons listed their children in age order. As a result, a large number of children whose age had to be imputed were young children rather than a normal distribution by age under 18 years of age. The result was that for parts of rural Alaska with large households the census reported too many children ages 10-17 and too few children 0-9. The problem is particularly acute for ages 0, 1 and 2. Ten census areas had errors of at least 6%. In Wade Hampton, we estimate that 16% of the children had misreported age and Bethel had almost 15%. We have adjusted the age structure of 10 rural Alaska boroughs and census areas and the state total to correct for this problem. Users of 2000 census data for children by age group should be aware that the data for rural Alaska as reported in census tables may be inaccurate. Data for children under 18 as a whole should be accurate. Children were not missed by the census, but their reported age may be in error. The corrected areas are: Wade Hampton Census Area, Bethel Census Area, Dillingham Census Area, Nome Census Area, North Slope Borough, Valdez- Cordova Census Area, Northwest Arctic Borough, Yukon- Koyukuk Census Area, Southeast Fairbanks Census Area and Lake and Peninsula Borough. Since large families in these areas are predominately Alaska Native, the correction was applied only to the American Indian and Alaska Native race group. There also appears to be a small erroneous imputation of sex as well in ages 0, 1 and 2 for Alaska in the 2000 census. Because of time constraints, we have not attempted to correct for this error in this set of estimates. Looking at 2000 census data before adjustment to distribute “Other Race”, the census showed that 192,398 Alaska Population Overview • 2003-2004 Estimates 23
persons, or 30.7% of the population of Alaska, considered themselves to be either wholly or partly some race other than White. The number and proportions of persons by race and broad tribal group for 1980 and 1990 are shown in Tables 1.5-1.7. Of the 626,932 persons in Alaska in 2000, Native Americans Alone made up 98,043 and of the 658,723 race responses; the number of persons reporting Native American Alone or in Combination was 119,241. For these estimates, all Native Americans living in Alaska are referred to as Alaska Natives, even though a small percentage of them belong to continental U.S. tribal groups. About 20 percent of all Alaska Natives are estimated to be living outside of Alaska. The economic boom of the early 1980s brought many non-Natives to the state. As a result, the proportion of Alaska Natives dropped from 16.0% in 1980 to 15.7% in 1990. By 2000, the percentage of Native Americans was between 15.6 and 18.1%. Alaska Natives made up 4.4% of all Native Americans nationally in 1990. In 2000, Alaska American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIAN) in Alaska made up 4.0% of AIAN Alone and 2.9% of AIAN Alone or in Combination nationwide. In 2000, the White Figure 1.6 Alaska Population by Age and Sex 2000, 2004 Age 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 2004 Estimate 2000 Census 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Male Thousands Female Source: Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development, Research and Analysis Section, Demographics Unit population accounted for between 434,534 and 463,999 persons, or 69.3% to 70.4% of the population. Other races, primarily African-American, Asian and Pacific Islanders accounted for at least 9.6% of the population in 2000. These groups accounted for 48,853 persons, or 8.9% of the 1990 population. These groups were up from 27,521, or 6.8%, in 1980. In 1990, there were some 17,803 persons of Hispanic origin in Alaska. In 2000, the number had increased sharply to 25,852 Hispanics (4.1%) Current Population Composition The July 2004 state estimates are based on the April 1, 2000, Modified Age, Race, Sex (MARS) estimates. As stated earlier, the MARS estimates adjust the census race data to eliminate “other races” and adjust for errors in age reporting at the time of the census. The 2004 estimates by age and sex for single year of age for the state as a whole are presented in Table 1.8. The 2004 and 2003 estimates by age/race/sex and ethnicity for the state as a whole are presented in Tables 1.9 to 1.12. Similar tables for the state’s 27 boroughs and census areas are available from the Alaska Department of Labor, Research and Analysis Section, Demographics Unit web site http://almis.labor. state.ak.us/ under Population Estimates and Projections. Tables 1.11, 1.13, 1.15 and 1.17 contain population for the entire state by age, Race Alone and sex for 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000 respectively. Tables 1.12, 1.14, 1.16 and 1.18 contain population for the entire state by age, Race Alone and in Combination and sex for the same four years. These tables for Race Alone or in Combination count the responses, not the individuals. In these tables, a person who marked two or more race categories was counted two or more times, so that the total is higher than the state population. These tables are for selected age groups. Tables for races Alone and Alone or in Combination by single year and the “bridged” race estimates for these years by single year of age are available on our web site. The size of each age group in the population is affected by its birth, death and migration history and life cycle events. These patterns can be seen in Figures 1.5 and 1.6. For Alaska, the largest factor affecting change in the size of each age group is migration. Migration is particularly high for 18-to-35 year olds and their young children under school age. Migration began to increase sharply during the 1970s. This accounts for much of the dramatic increase in persons currently over 40. The large bulge at ages 35-45 was created by the 1980-90 migration to Alaska. The age structure of Alaska’s population compared to that of the U.S. as a whole can be seen in Figure 1.7. Population Cohorts and Life Cycle Events The shape of a population depends upon a series of historical and life cycle events. The number of births that occur in a given year creates a “cohort” of persons that gives that group of persons a character that is associated with it for a lifetime. The increase in family size following the 24 Alaska Population Overview • 2003-2004 Estimates
Page 2 and 3: Alaska Population Overview 2003-200
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents Alaska Population
Page 6 and 7: 63 Figure 2.6 Average Annual Alaska
Page 8 and 9: Preface Alaska Population Overview
Page 10 and 11: upon natural resources and wildlife
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 Alaska State Population I
Page 14 and 15: Table 1.1 Annual Components Of Popu
Page 16 and 17: Most of the growth in Native Americ
Page 18 and 19: flows statewide each year. Flows to
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.3 (continued) 2003 -2004 Av
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1.5 Alaska population by Age
Page 26 and 27: depression and WWII created a serie
Page 28 and 29: Table 1.6 (continued) % of Populati
Page 30 and 31: Table 1.7 (continued) % of Populati
Page 32 and 33: Dependency Dependency ratios show h
Page 34 and 35: Table 1.9 (continued) Alaska Popula
Page 36 and 37: Table 1.10 (continued) Alaska Popul
Page 54 and 55: Table 1.20 Households by Type, 1990
Page 56 and 57: in 2004 were almost identical in th
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Page 60 and 61: 1985 and 1990, the state only grew
Page 62 and 63: community. Logging in Yakutat and t
Page 64 and 65: density in this area would be much
Page 66 and 67: Each decade, the U.S. census asks a
Page 68 and 69: tion, enter military service, seek
Page 70 and 71: and declines in fishing. Aleutians
Page 72 and 73: west Arctic Borough, Denali Borough
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Table 2.1 (continued) Population of
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Table 2.2 (continued) Household Pop
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Table 2.3 (continued) Characteristi
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Table 2.4 (continued) Alaska Popula
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Table 2.8 Personal Income by Econom
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-0.5%). Internal distribution may n
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Growth in Total Personal Income adj
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Legislative Districts There are 40
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Table 3.2 Military and Dependent Po
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Other districts listed have been af
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Table 3.4 (continued) Population by
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Table 3.5 (continued) Population Es
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Chapter 4 Alaska Places Introductio
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Table 4.2 The 19 Cities with more t
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Alaska Boroughs Alaska Boroughs and
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Aleutians West Census Area Aleutian
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Bethel Census Area Bethel Census Ar
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Bristol Bay Borough Bristol Bay Bor
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Dillingham Census Area Koliganek To
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Fairbanks North Star Borough (conti
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Juneau City and Borough 1 1 Gilkey
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Kenai Peninsula Borough (continued)
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Kodiak Island Borough Aleneva Karlu
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Lake and Peninsula Borough (continu
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Matanuska-Susitna Borough (continue
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North Slope Borough Barrow Wainwrig
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Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Cen
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Sitka City and Borough 1 2 Sitka Si
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Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Eag
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Valdez-Cordova Census Area Denali H
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Wade Hampton Census Area Emmonak Al
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Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area Kak
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Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Arctic Vi
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Table 4.4 Alphabetical Listing of A
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Table 4.4 (continued) Alphabetical
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any other people in a building and
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