Enjoy with Social Life-5 [106-136] - School Books Publishers India

Enjoy with 

SOCIAL 

A Book on Social Studies 

LIFE 

PART 

5 

A Complete Solution of Textbook

Enjoy with Social Life – 5 

1. The Globe-A Model of the Earth 

Exercise 

A. Write True or False : 

1. The earth is the only planet which has life. True 

2. Water area of the earth is 29 per cent. False 

3. Asia is the smallest continent. False 

4. The lines running parallel to the Equator are called latitudes. True 

5. The grid help us to locate the position of any place in the world. True 

B. Fill in the blanks : 

1. The Equator represents the 0 degree. 

2. When latitudes and longitudes intersect each other, the grid is formed. 

3. The two end points of the axis are called the poles . 

4. The Greenwitch meridian is designated as the international Date Line. 

5. The Longitudes are semi circles, equal in length. 

6. The Latitudes are full circles but not equal in length. 

C. Match the following : 

1. Arctic Circle (a) 66½° S 

2. Equator (b) 66½ ° N 

3. Tropic of Capricorn (c) 23½ ° N 

4. Antarctic Circle (d) 23½ ° S 

5. Tropic of Cancer (e) 0 ° 

D. Write their names : 

1. The fifth largest planet Earth 

2. The biggest ocean Pacific Ocean 

3. The smallest ocean Arctic Ocean 

4. The ocean named after our country Indian Ocean 

5. The continent known as the white continent Antarctic Continent 

6. The biggest continent Asia Continent 

7. The smallest continent Australia Continent 

E. Answer the following questions : 

1. What is a globe How is it useful to us 

Ans. A globe is a man-made model of the earth which gives us accurate idea 

of the location of places on the earth. 

2. What do you understand by the rotation and revolution of the earth 

Ans. The moving of the earth on its axis is called rotation and the moving of 

the earth around the sun is called revolution. 

3. What are longitudes and latitudes 

Ans. The lines running parallel to the Equator are called latitudes and the 

lines running from the north pole to the south pole are called longitudes. 

4. Why is the Northern Hemisphere known as the land Hemisphere 

Ans. Most of the land surface of the world is in Northern Hemisphere, so it 

is called land Hemisphere. 

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Bookman India Enjoy with Social Life [1-5]

5. Why is the Southern Hemisphere known as the water Hemisphere 

Ans. The Southern Hemisphere is almost entirely covered by the oceans, so 

it is called the Southern Hemisphere. 

6. How is the grid useful to us 

Ans. The grid help us to locate the position of any place in the world. 

Project/Activity : 

F. Take a big ball and mark the Equator, the North Pole, the South Pole, 

the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle and 

the Antarctic Circle on it. 

Ans. Do yourself. 

G. Find out the latitudes and longitudes of the following cities : 

(a) Mumbai (b) Delhi (c) London 

(d) Paris (e) Moscow (f) Chennai 


2. Maps : Our Guides 

Exercise 


1. A map is full of geographical data. True 

2. A book of maps is called Atlas. True 

3. In a map blue colour is used to show lands. False 

4. The art of making maps is called photography. False 

5. Every map is drawn according to a scale. True 


1. The top of the map shows North direction. 

2. Brown colour indicates higher land. 

3. A person who prepares map is called a cartographer. 

4. A book of only maps is called an Atlas. 

5. Signs and symbols make the map easier to read. 


1. Boundaries of continents, countries (a) Climatic map 

2. Mountains, plains, valleys (b) Vegetation map 

3. Temperature and weather conditions (c) Political map 

4. Sea ports, trade routes (d) physical map 

5. Forests and grasslands (e) Commercial map 

D. Look at the diagram and write the direction of each arrow shown in it : 

N 

WN 

NE 

W 

E 

SW 

S 

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Bookman India Enjoy with Social Life [1-5] 

ES


1. What is a map 

Ans. A map is a drawing of the whole or a part of the earth's surface on a 

flat sheet. 

2. How is a map more useful than a globe 

Ans. A map gives us a large variety of information. We can make a 

map of the world or a part of it. We can fold a map and carry it 

easily. So maps are more popular than a globe. 

3. What is an atlas 

Ans. A book of maps is called atlas. 

4. How is a scale useful in a map 

Ans. The scale helps us to know the actual distance between two places. 

Every map is free to represent distance in its own way. 

5. What is cartography 

Ans. The art of making maps is called cartography. 

6. Why are signs and symbols used in maps 

Ans. The signs and symbols make the map easier to draw and read. 


F. Prepare a chart of the signs and symbols used in map. 


G. Take an outline map of India. Show the mountain ranges of the 

Himalays, Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal and Northern Plains using 

proper colours. 


3. 

Many Ways of Living 

Weather and Climate 

Exercise 


1. The rays of the sun fall directly on the Equator. True 

2. The rays of the sun fall directly on the polar regions. False 

3. Ludhiana is cooler than Shimla. False 

4. Places near the sea are very cold. False 

5. As altitude increases, it gets hotter. False 

6. Torrid Zone has a very hot climate. True 


1. Humidity is the presence of water vapour in the air. 

2. The areas near the poles are in the Frigid Zone. 

3. The coastal areas have moderate climate. 

4. The Torrid Zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of 

Capricorn. 

5. As we go far away from the Equator, it gets cooler. 

6. The climate of a place above sea level is called the altitude. 

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C. Write one line about each of them : 

1. Torrid Zone - The area near the Equator is the hottest area in the 

world. It is called the Torrid Zone. 

2. Frigid Zone - The area near the polar region is called the Frigid Zone. 

3. Temperate Zone - The area between the Torrid and Frigid Zone is 

called the Temperate Zone. 

D. Give reason for the following : 

1. Areas near the Equator are the hottest regions - Because the rays of 

the sun fall vertically near the equator. 

2. Areas near the poles are the coldest regions- Because the sun rays 

fall on this area in a slanting way. 

3. Areas between the Equator and the poles are the moderate regions - 

Because the sun rays spread over a larger area, thus this region has 

lower temperature - neither very hot nor very cold. 

4. Places near the sea experience moderate climate - Because water 

become hot slowly and cools down slowly. So these areas are neither 

too hot nor too cold. 

5. Places near the sea have humid climate - Because the air near the sea 

coast contains more vapours, which make it humid. 

E. Answer the following : 

1. What is climate 

Ans. The average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time is 

called climate. 

2. What is the difference between weather and climate 

Ans. Weather Climate 

1. It is the condition of the It is the average weather 

atmosphere of a place. condition of a place. 

2. For short period of time. For long period of time. 

3. It can change daily. It tells us about the season and 

changes accordingly. 

3. Which factors influence weather and climate 

Ans. The weather and climate of a place depends upon the distance from the 

Equator, height above the sea-level, distance from the sea, directions 

of winds, rains and humidity and the ocean currents. 

4. What is humidity 

Ans. The presence of water vapours in the air is called humidity. 

5. How does sea affect the climate of a place 

Ans. Water become hot slowly and cools down slowly so places near the sea 

are neither too hot nor too cold. They are cooler in summer and warmer 

in winter. 

6. Why are polar areas cooler than equatorial areas 

Ans. The rays of the sun fall vertically near the equator and slanting on the 

polar region, so polar areas are cooler than equatorial areas. 


F. Draw a model of the earth and label all the heat Zones on it. 


G. On the outline map of world, mark major climate regions. 


109 


4. Zaire : The Land of Dense Forests 

Exercise 


1. Zaire was earlier known as Belgian Congo. True 

2. Matadi is the major lake of Congo. False 

3. Congo experiences a heavy rainfall with thunder and lightening. True 

4. The capital of Congo is Kinshasa. True 

5. Congo has smooth roadways system. False 

6. Congo is sometimes called the heart of darkness. True 


1. Zaire is the second largest country in Africa. 

2. Zambia is located towards the south of Congo. 

3. The river Congo-Zaire flows into the Atlantic Ocean. 

4. Cassava is the staple food of Zaire. 

5. Republic of Congo is a less populated country. 

6. The Pygmies are the tribal people of Zaire. 

7. Zaire has a hot and humid climate. 


1. Belgian Congo and Zaire (a) Language of the Congolese 

2. Pygmies (b) Sleeping sickness 

3. Kinshasa (c) Main food crop 

4. Bantu (d) Primitive tribe 

5. Mt Stanley (e) Older names of the country 

6. Cassava (f) Capital city 

7. Tse-Tse (g) The highest peak 

D. Name the following : 

1. Any two food crops of Zaire Cassava Rice 

2. Any two famous waterfalls Living stone falls Inga falls 

3. Any two minerals of the Congo Diamond Gold 

4. Any two trees of Zaire Mahogany Ebony 

5. Any two cities of Zaire Kinshasa Matadi 

6. Any two animals of Zaire Gorilla Lion 


1. Where is the Democratic Republic of Congo located 

Ans. Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) is located on the Western side 

of Africa. It lies in the heart of Africa. 

2. What are the important features of the climate of this region 

Ans. This region has bright sun rays by noon and it becomes very hot. By 

afternoon, the sky is covered with black clouds which follows a heavy 

rainfall with thunder and lightening. The days and nights are almost 

equal in duration and not much difference in summer and winter 

temperature. 

3. Who are the pygmies 

Ans. The pygmies, a primitive tribe, live in the interior of the forests. They 

are nomads and good hunters. 

110 


4. Which major crops are gown in Zaire 

Ans. The main food crops, they grow are maize, rice, millets, vegetables, 

banana, coconut, coffee, cocoa, tea, rubber, cotton, sugar cane, etc. 

Cassava, a kind of root, is their staple food. 

5. Why is Congo called the Natural Zoo of the World 

Ans. A large variety of animals, mammals, insects and colourful birds live 

in Congo's forests, so it is called the Natural Zoo of the World. 

6. Who are the Bantu 

Ans. The tribal community or negroes of Congo, who speak Bantu 

language, are known as Bantu. 

7. Why is Zaire called the Heart of darkness 

Ans. Zaire is full of evergreen forests. The trees of these forests are very tall 

and form a canopy preventing sunlight from reaching the ground. So it 

is called the Heart of darkness. 

8. What is the importance of river Zaire 

Ans. River Zaire (Congo) is the second longest river in Africa. A major part 

of (country) Zaire lies in the Basin of Zaire river. This river is known as 

Highway of Central Africa. 

9. Which minerals are produced in Congo 

Ans. Minerals like diamond, gold, copper and manganese are found in a 

large scale, in Congo. 


F. Collect the pictures of flora and fauna of the Congo region and paste 

them in your scrapbook. 


G. On an outline map of Africa, mark the following : 

Congo, the countries that border Zaire, River Zaire, Matadi, Atlantic 

Ocean, Kinshasa and mineral producing area. 


5. Greenland : The Land of Ice and Snow 

Exercise 


1. Greenland has a polar climate. True 

2. Kayak is a small boat used by Eskimos for traveling. False 

3. Blubber of sea animals is used as fuel. True 

4. Eskimos are now known as Greenlanders. False 

5. Huskies are wolf like dogs. True 


1. Greenland is the largest island of the world. 

2. Greenland is under the control of Denmark. 

3. Greenland is also called the Land of midnight sun. 

4. The sledges are pulled by Huskies. 

5. Nuuk is the capital of Greenland. 

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1. Parka (a) A migratory bird 

2. Inuit (b) Capital City of Greenland 

3. Kayak (c) A hooded jacket 

4. Nuuk (d) A one man boat 

5. Arctic Tern (e) Native of Greenlands 

D. Give one word for the following : 

1. The modern motorised sledges Skidoo 

2. The spear with a long leather rope Harpoon 

3. The national sport of Greenland Football 

4. The house built by ice-blocks Igloo 

5. The floating blocks of ice Ice-berg 

6. A wheelless cart for conveying loads or passengers over 

snow or ice 

sledge 

E. Correct the following statements : 

1. Eskimos/Inuit means the real man. 

2. Greenland has a plenty of rainfall/snowfall. 

3. Greenland is rich/poor in natural vegetation. 

4. Greenland is poor/rich in animal life. 

5. Nuuk is the port town/capital of Greenland. 

F. Answer the following : 

1. Why are the Polar regions very cold 

Ans. Polar regions are very far away from the Equator. It receives the 

slanting rays of sun. The temperature is always 0 °C. And it receives 

heavy snow fall too. 

2. What are ice-bergs Why are sailors afraid of them 

Ans. The floating blocks of ice are known as ice-bergs. Sailors afraid of 

them because if a ship hits on iceberg, it may wreck and sink. 

3. How is the climate of Greenland 

Ans. Greenland experiences a very cold climate through out the year. Here 

the temperature is always 0°C. 

4. Why is Greenland called the 'Land of the midnight Sun' 

Ans. In summer, here the sun shines brightly all the 24 hours in most parts, 

even at mid-night. So it is called the 'Land of midnight Sun.' 

5. What are the main occupations of the people of the Greenland 

Ans. Hunting, fishing and fish exports are the main occupations of the 

people of Greenland. 

6. How is the Eskimos life style changing 

Ans. Greenland is making a rapid progress with the help of modern science 

and technology. Primary schools, hospitals, shops, clubs have been 

established. Good road and fine communication system have been 

developed. 

112 



G. Collect the pictures of the animals found in Greenland and paste them 

in your scrapbook. 


H. On the basis of the reading of the lesson make a project comparing the 

lifestyle of Eskimos of modern times with their primitive lifestyle in 

the following contexts : 

1. food 3. shelter 

2. occupation 4. prepare a model of an igloo. 


(Multiple Choice Questions) 

Based on Chapters 1 to 5 

Tick (3) the correct answer : 

1. The imaginary line exactly in the middle of the two poles is called the : 

(a) longitude 

(b) latitude 

(c) equator 

3 (d) grid 

2. The first who stated that the earth is round in shape was : 

(a) Socrates 

(b) Aristotle 

(c) Newton 

(d) Copernicus 

3 

3. The climate of India is of ____ type. 

(a) temperate 

(b) moderate 

(c) tropical 

3 (d) polar 

4. Zaire was formerly known as : 

(a) Ghana 

(b) Combo 

(c) Congo 

3 (d) Patka 

5. Zaire lies in : 

(a) Europe 

(b) Africa 

3 

(c) Asia 

(d) Australia 

6. Congo became independent country in : 

(a) 1947 (b) 1960 

3 

(c) 1971 (d) 1967 

7. A kind of deer with many horns is called a : 

(a) huskies 

(b) reindeer 

3 

(c) wolverine 

(d) lemming 

8. The climate of Greenland is : 

(a) extremely hot 

(b) extremely cold 3 

(c) mild 

(d) humid and wet 

9. The native people of Greenland are called : 

(a) pygmies 

(b) bantu 

(c) eskimos 

3 (d) bedouins 

10. Cassava is the staple food of : 

(a) Greenland 

(b) Zaire 

3 

(c) Arkland 

(d) Zambia 

113 


6. Saudi Arabia : The Land of Hot Sand 

Exercise 


1. The traditional women's dress in Saudi Arabia is called thawb. False 

2. The summer season is pleasant in Saudi Arabia. False 

3. Bedouins are the tribal people of Saudi Arabia. True 

4. Jeddah is the capital of Saudi Arabia. False 

5. Riyal is the currency of Saudi Arabia. True 


1. Asir is a place where there is very little rain. 

2. Jeddah is the most important sea port of Saudi Arabia. 

3. The highest point of on the Shammar Hills receives snowfall. 

4. In some places, crops are grown using desalinated water. 

5. The Tropic of cancer passes through Saudi Arabia. 

6. Saudi Arabia has rich deposits of petroleum. 


1. Nomads of Saudi Arabia (a) Shamal 

2. A long robe worn by women (b) Arabic 

3. Head covering for men (c) Bedouins 

4. A long robe worn by men (d) Aba 

5. Strong dust winds (e) Thawb 

6. The language of Saudi Arabia (f) Gutra 

D. Choose the correct word from the brackets to fill in the blanks: 

3 

1. Row of camels is called (nomad/caravan). 

3 

2. The climate of Saudi Arabia is (hot/humid). 

3 

3. The camel is well adapted to (island/desert). 

3 

4. Jeddah is an important (sea port/airport). 

3 

5. The currency of Saudi Arabia is (Reyal/Riyadh). 

E. Name the following : 

1. The capital of Saudi Arabia Riyadh 

2. The biggest pilgrimage of Muslims Mecca-Madina 

3. The biggest sea port of Saudi Arabia Jeddah 

4. The largest airport of Saudi Arabia Abdul Aziz 

International Airport 

5. An important oil field of Saudi Arabia Riyadh 

F. Answer the following questions : 

1. What is a desert 

Ans. The desert is a place which have scarcity of rain, plantation and 

animals. It may be hot or cold. 

2. Where is Saudi Arabia 

Ans. Saudi Arabia, a country in the middle east, is located in the Arabian Desert. 

3. What is a sand dune 

Ans. Hills of sand called sand dunes. These sand hills can move from one 

place to another by strong winds and dust storms. 

114 


4. What type of life do Bedouins live 

Ans. Bedouins are nomads. They move in search of food and water. Some 

of them are farmers. Some of them keep herds of sheep, camel and 

horses. They are always in hunt of fresh pastures. 

5. Why is petroleum called 'Liquid Gold' 

Ans. The earning from petroleum has improved the standard of living of the 

people, so it is called Liquid Gold. 

6. Describe the life around an oasis 

Ans. Oasis are the permanent sources of water. The cities and villages are 

developed around the oasis. The people grow food crops here. The 

caravans always stay at such places and trade with the villagers. 

7. What is the natural vegetation found in Saudi Arabia 

Ans. Here food crops such as wheat, barley, millets, cotton, fruits and 

vegetables are grown. Date palms are grown here in abundance. 

8. Why are Mecca and Medina important cities 

Ans. Mecca and Medina are the holy places of Muslims. Every year lakhs of 

Muslims go to perform 'Haj' here. 

9. Describe the climate of Saudi Arabia 

Ans. The climate of Saudi Arabia is very hot and dry. The country suffers 

from a severe lack of water. 

10. How is life of Bedouins changing 

Ans. The discovery of petroleum has changed the life style of people of 

Saudi Arabia. All the towns of Saudi are equipped with modern 

facilities and are well connected by modern roads and air services. 


G. On the basis of reading of the lesson, write the names of national 

language, currency, capital, animals, plantation and religion of Saudi 

Arabia. 


H. Prepare a model of a desert and an oasis with the help of sand in a tray. 


7. Prairies : The Grasslands 

Exercise 


1. The prairies are farm houses of wheat crop. True 

2. The Western Prairies are hilly. True 

3. The Prairies are looked after by the ranches. False 

4. The Prairies have moderate climate. False 

5. Chicago is called the 'Wheat Basket of the World'. False 


1. Pampas are located in South America. 

2. Two big rivers Mississippi and Missouri flow through the Prairies. 

3. The Prairies have an extreme type of climate. 

115 


4. The main occupation of the people of Prairie region is farming. 

5. The Western part of Prairies are hilly. 


1. Steppes (a) Tropical and sub-tropical region 

2. Pampas (b) Australia 

3. Velds (c) North America 

4. Downs (d) Asia 

5. Savannah (e) South America 

6. Prairies (f) Africa 

D. Name each of the following : 

1. In French, the word Prairies means Grassland 

2. The main river that drains the Prairies Mississippi 

3. The local wind that blows in the Prairies Chinook 

4. Another name of the American buffalo Bison 

5. The place where the farmer's family stays Homesteads 


1. What do you understand by grasslands 

Ans. The area of land where grass is the main vegetation is called a 

grassland. It is a natural vegetation. 

2. What are ranches 

Ans. Large cattle farms are called ranches. 

3. Who are cowboys 

Ans. The persons, who look after the ranches, are called cowboys. 

4. Why is Chicago famous for 

Ans. Chicago is famous for meat-packing industry. 

5. Why is the Prairies called the wheat basket of the world 

Ans. Prairies are the biggest wheat growing areas of the world, so they 

are called 'wheat basket of the world'. 

6. How is the climate of the Prairies 

Ans. Prairies experiences an extreme type of climate. The summers are 

extremely hot around 20 °C while the winters are very cold around - 20 °C. 

7. What kind of life the people of the Prairies lead 

Ans. The people of Prairies lead a luxurious life. They have cars, airconditioned 

houses and all other modern facilities, but all these 

facilities they acquire due to their strenuous work. 


F. Most of the work in the Prairies are done by machines. Make a list of 

machines and tools used by an Indian farmer. 


G. On the world map, label all the grasslands of the world. 


116 


8. Conquering Distances 

Exercise 


1. The construction of the Panama Canal was completed in 1914. True 

2. India has many expressways and freeways. True 

3. Most trains and ships today have steam engines. False 

4. India has the largest railways network in the world. False 

5. The speed of TGV of France is over 800 km per hour. False 


1. The first railway line in India laid by the Lord Dalhousie. 

2. The freeways are also called express way or high way. 

3. The first public railway began in England in the 1820 and 1830. 

4. The Panama Canal links the Pacific Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean. 

5. The Suez Canal joins the Red Sea with Mediterranean sea. 


1. Japan (a) Pan-American Airlines 

2. Russia (b) Lufthansa 

3. Netherlands (c) KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 

4. USA (d) Qantas 

5. Australia (e) Japan Airlines 

6. Germany (f) Aeroflot 

D. Name each of the following : 

1. The national highways in Germany Autobans 

2. The national highways in Italy Atuo-strades 

3. The fastest railway network in Japan Shinkansen 

4. The international airport in London Heathrow airport 

5. The longest railway in the world Trans-Siberian Railway 

6. The longest road in India Grand Trunk Road 

E. Define the following : 

1. Highways - Roads laid for heavy automobile traffic are called motor 

ways or highways or express-ways. 

2. Cargo - A very large quantity of goods carried on a ship or aircraft. 

3. Sledge - A vehicle without wheels that is used for traveling on snow. 

4. Canoe - A narrow boat with pointed ends, propelled with a pole or 

paddles. 


1. What is a highway How is it useful to us 

Ans. Roads laid for heavy automobile traffic are called highway or expressway. 

These roads connect big cities and are divided into four or more 

traffic lanes meant for traffic moving in the opposite directions. 

2. What transformed transport in the 18th century and how 

Ans. Industrial revolution transformed the transport in the 18th century. To 

fulfill the demand of raw-materials and finished goods, cheap and 

sufficient means of transport began to increase. 

117 


3. The construction of Suez Canal and the Panama Canal are useful 

for ocean transport. How 

Ans. Both the canals are useful for ocean transport because Suez Canal has 

shortened the distance between Mumbai and London by 9,700 

kilometers while Panama Canal connects the Pacific Ocean with the 

Atlantic Ocean. 

4. What are the advantages of water transport 

Ans. Waterways are the cheapest but slowest means of transport. They have 

promoted international trade to carry cotton, rubber, jute, wool, 

tobacco, etc. Now dairy products, meat and fish are also transported by 

refrigerated ships. 

5. Which are the two oceans that are connected by the Panama Canal 

Ans. The Panama Canal connects the Pacific Ocean with Atlantic Ocean. 

6. Which Indian trains are noted for their fast speed 

Ans. Rajdhani Express, Shatabdi Express, Taj Express, The Pink City 

Express are noted for fast speed. 


G. Find out the names of the countries where our ships go. 


H. Mark the following on an outline map of the world : 

(a) Mumbai Airport (b) Panama Canal 

(c) Suez Canal (d) Sea route between Mumbai and London 


9. Means of Communication 

Exercise 


1. Television was invented by Marconi. False 

2. Aryabhatta is not a satellite. False 

3. UNI is an important news agency of India. True 

4. The telegraph and the telephone are almost the same. False 

5. The moon is an artificial satellite. False 


1. The word news itself refers to information gathered from all over the 

world. 

2. The first ever wireless means of communication is Radio. 

3. Newspapers are the most widely used means of communication. 

4. The Morse Code uses dot and dash to communicate. 

5. The radio works on wireless system of communication. 


1. Telegraph machine (a) Samuel Morse 

2. Telephone (b) Alexander Graham Bell 

3. Radio (c) Gutenberg 

4. Television (d) Marconi 

5. Printing Press (e) John Logie Baird 

6. Satellite (f) INSAT-1B 

118 


D. Write two lines about each of the following : 

1. Satellite - A satellite in an object that moves around a planet. The 

moon is the natural satellite of the earth. 

2. Internet - Internet is a facility by which people can surf the world 

wide web. 

3. Telegram - Telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 by 

which messages could be sent to distant places quickly with the help of 

wires. 

4. Hot lines - Telephone lines connecting the governments of various 

countries are called hot lines. 


1. What is meant by communication 

Ans. Communication means share or exchange information or ideas with 

others. 

2. How are mobile phones useful to us 

Ans. Mobile phones can carry voice of the people over long distances. They 

are wireless and enable us to make calls while we are traveling. 

3. How is a telephone is different from a telegram 

Ans. Telephone 

Telegram 

1. Fastest means of communication Slow means of communication. 

2. Cordless and mobile phones are Telegraph wires are used to send 

available. 

message. 

3. It can carry voice or messages in It can carry messages only in 

written form. 

written form. 

4. How do newspaper collect news 

Ans. All the countries have their own news agencies. They gather news and 

send them to all parts of the world. UNI and PTI are famous Indian 

news agency. 

5. What is an artificial satellite How does it work 

Ans. An artificial satellite is a man-made object that continuously orbits the 

earth or some other body in the space. It carry cameras and other 

machines which receive and transmit pictures and messages from all 

parts of the world. 

6. Why is television called the window of the world 

Ans. Television has brought the people of the world very close to oneanother, 

so it is called the 'Window of the world'. 


F. Try to send messages to your friends through E-mail. 


G. Learn to consult a telephone directory. 


H. Find out what is a courier service How does it work 


119 


10. Environmental Pollution 

Exercise 


1. Water gets polluted with the release of industrial wastes. True 

2. The noise pollution is caused by smoke. False 

3. Old paper can be used to make new paper. True 

4. Pollution is good for us. False 

5. The non-degradable waste decompose easily. False 


1. Non-degradable are waste products that can damage the environment. 

2. A clean surrounding helps us to remain healthy. 

3. Land pollution makes the soil infertile. 

4. The harmful changes brought in by human activities are called pollution. 

5. Biodegradable wastes include kitchen and garden waste. 


1. Air pollution (a) Illuminated gallery 

2. Water pollution (b) Over use of pesticides 

3. Land or soil pollution (c) Loudspeakers 

4. Noise pollution (d) Cholera 

5. Light pollution (e) Smoke coming from a car 

D. Write their names : 

1. One thing that you can use again Utensils 

2. One thing that you can recycle Paper 

3. One thing that you can have get repaired Machine 

4. One thing that you cannot use again Petrol 

E. Write short notes on : 

1. Noise pollution - The pressure of noise in atmosphere is called sound 

or noise pollution. It is caused by vehicles, loudspeakers, loud music 

machines, etc. 

2. Light pollution - Over illumination, light trespass and astronomical 

interference are the main causes of light pollution. Like other forms of 

pollution, it also has bad effects on our environment. 

3. Compost pit - A pit is dug in the ground and the household waste with 

cattle litter and dung is dumped to it. After some times, the waste is 

converted into manure. 

4. Landfills - The waste can be disposed off by landfills. Garbage is put 

into a deep pit called landfill and it is covered with soil. 


1. What is environment How can we keep our environment clean 

and safe 

Ans. The things that surround us form environment. It can be clean and safe 

if we can disposed off waste by burning, open dumping, landfills and 

in composit pits. 

2. What are different types of pollution 

Ans. Different types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, land or 

soil pollution and noise pollution. 

120 


3. How does pollution soil affect human health 

Ans. Soil pollution harms the organisms living in the soil and adversely 

affects the human health. Some pesticides contain strong chemicals, 

which we eat in form of vegetables, fruits or other eatables. 

4. What do you understand by degradable and non-degradable waste 

Ans. Degradable waste include kitchen and garden rubbish. It can be 

decomposed and mixed with soil. 

Non-degradable waste materials do not decompose easily, as plastic 

bags, glass, metal, etc. It do not mix with the soil and remain in the 

environment for a long period. 

5. What are the various methods of disposing the waste 

Ans. The waste can be disposed off by burning landfills and in composit pits. 


G. Make a poster on degradation of environment by human activities 

and hang it in your class. 


H. Here is given names of some object. Write what happen to them after 

they are used and write one new use of them : 

1. Newspaper _______________ 

2. Glass bottles _______________ 

3. Your school bag _______________ 

4. Old clothes _______________ 

5. Plastic jars _______________ 

6. Cartons _______________ 





1. Which of the following minerals are called liquid gold 

(a) coal 

(b) diamond 

(c) petroleum 

3 (d) mercury 

2. Which of the following deserts lie in India 

(a) Gobi 

(b) Sahara 

(c) Atacama 

(d) Thar 

3 

3. Which of the following plant is well adapted in Deserts 

(a) cactus 

3 (b) rose 

(c) plum 

(d) coconut 

4. Which these rivers is navigable 

(a) Yamuna 

(b) Brahmputra 3 

(c) Kaveri 

(d) Godawari 

5. Who is called 'the Gateway to the Pacific' 

(a) the River Ganga 

(b) the Soo Canal 

(c) the Panama Canal 3 (d) the Suez Canal 

6. The greatest amount of air traffic is found in: 

(a) USA 

3 (b) Russia 

(c) Britain 

(d) Japan 

121 


7. Organised radio service in India was started in: 

(a) 1920 (b) 1895 

(c) 1926 (d) 1927 

8. Samuel Morse invented telegraph in: 

(a) 1844 3 (b) 1845 

(c) 1846 (d) 1847 

9. The important news agency of India is: 

(a) Reuter 

(b) Tass 

(c) UNI 

3 (d) Samachar Bharti 

10. Release of poisonous gases from factories cause: 

(a) water pollution 

(b) land pollution 

(c) air pollution 3 (d) noise pollution 

11. When Nature Turns Against 

Exercise 


1. Overflowing of rivers is the main cause of floods. True 

2. The coastal belts of India are prone to cyclones. True 

3. Trees are very useful to check the flow of water. True 

4. Excess of rainfall causes of drought. False 

5. The word Typhoon is derived from the English word tufan. False 


1. Drought generally occurs due to scarcity of rainfall. 

2. Flood generally occur due to heavy rainfall. 

3. Natural disasters cause a great damage to life and property. 

4. Epidemics are the post-calamatic impacts. 

5. Cyclones occur near the coastal regions. 


1. Tsunami (a) Excessive rain 

2. Drought (b) Tremor on the earth's surface caused by 

underground shifts 

3. Flood (c) Cholera, plague, measles 

4. Earthquake (d) Heavy rains, high winds and storm at sea 

5. Cyclone (e) Lack of rainfall 

6. Epidemics (f) a huge and stormy sea wave 

D. Tick (3) the correct action, we do under these situation : 

1. During an earthquake : 

(a) We should stay away from a tree. 

3 

(b) We should stay under a tree. 

2. During a flood : 

(a) We should cross the river to reach the bank. 

(b) We should move to the upper part of the building. 

3 

3. During a drought : 

(a) We should conserve water. 

3 

(b) We should use water as usual. 

122 

Bookman India Enjoy with Social Life [1-5] 

3

4. During cyclone : 

(a) We should go near the sea. 

(b) We should move away from the sea. 

3 


1. What are natural disasters 

Ans. A sudden event in the natural world that effects the life and 

property of all living beings is called a natural disaster. 

2. Why do epidemic spread 

Ans. Epidemic are the post-calamatic impacts. They occur when diseases 

spread on a large scale. They cause a large number of deaths within a 

short period of time. 

3. What are the causes of floods 

Ans. Floods can happen by overflow of rivers due to excess rain or melting 

of snow or even when dams release a lot of water. 

4. What are the reasons of cyclones 

Ans. Cyclones occur due to low pressure systems towards which winds travel 

at a great speed. They occur in coastal areas and cause a lot of damage. 


F. Try to find out what natural calamities we have faced in India and 

what steps we should take to face them. 


G. Recently there was a severe flood in Bihar and an earthquake in 

Jammu and Kashmir. Collect the informations about them from the 

newspapers and magazines and prepare a report on them. 


12. The World of Growing Knowledge 

Exercise 


1. Hieroglyphic was written in the form of pictures, signs and symbols. 

True 

2. The concept of zero and decimal was given by India. True 

3. The paper was invented in India. False 

4. The Arabs called the Indian numerals Arabic. False 

5. Louis Braille invented a special script for the blind. True 


1. The first writing was in the form of pictures. 

2. Pictorial writing is also called pictographic. 

3. Bhojpuri, Maithili and Brajbhasha are all dialects of Hindi. 

4. The ancient Egyptians made paper out of the papyrus plant. 

5. In India the skin of the Birch tree and the leaves of palm tree used as 

paper. 

6. The first European printing press was set up by John Gutenberg. 

123 



1. Reed (a) Paper 

2. Egypt (b) Blind 

3. Printing Press (c) Papyrus 

4. India (d) Nile Delta 

5. China (e) Zero 

6. Braille (f) John Gutenberg 

D. Answer in one word : 

1. Which script is based on sound Devnagri 

2. Who called their scripts, Hieroglyphic Egyptians 

3. Who invented the first printing press John Gutenberg 

4. Which plant was used by the Egyptians to make paper Papyrus 

5. What is the word out of which paper is derived Papyrus 

6. Where was paper first prepared China 


1. How did the man learn to write in the begining 

Ans. When man started to live in the caves he draw the pictures of animals 

and hunting scenes. Thus the first writing developed in the form of 

pictures of objects. 

2. Mention the earlier forms of writing. 

Ans. The earlier forms of writing were simplified and symbolic. It was 

written in the form of pictures, signs and symbols. 

3. How did numbers originate 

Ans. In earlier times, people used sticks, stones and pebbles to count their 

cattle. Later they began to use figures, dots and symbols for counting 

the objects. Indians were the first who used fingers for counting. The 

concept of zero and decimal was also given by India to the Science of 

numerals. 

4. What is the difference between Hieroglyph and Cuneiform 

Ans. Hieroglyph Cuneiform 

1. Egyptian writing is know as Mesopotamia writing is called 

Hieroglyph. 

Cuneiform. 

2. It was in the form of pictures, Pictures and signs are also used. 

sign, symbols. 

3. Modern writing is based on it. Still followed by China and Japan. 

5. Explain the invention of paper. 

Ans. In India, the skin of the birch tree and leaves of palm tree were used as 

paper. The paper as we use today was invented in China. As demand 

for paper grew, people learnt to make it out of wood and other 

materials. 

6. What was the achievement of Louis Braille 

Ans. Louis Braille invented a special script for the blind. 

7. Explain the process of printing made by John Gutenberg. 

Ans. Gutenberg made 'letter types' in large numbers for each alphabet. Ink 

was applied on the letter types and then it was pressed by hand on a 

smooth surface. In this way, a page was printed. 

124 



F. Write the names of any six languages spoken in India with their scripts. 


G. Visit a printing press and observe how books are printed there. 


13. Living Longer and Healthier 

Exercise 


1. The clinical thermometer was invented by Dr. Rene Laennec. False 

2. We use x-rays to find out fracture in the body. True 

3. Sushruta and Charka were the great surgeons of ancient India. True 

4. Dr. Edward Jenner invented the vaccine of Dog Bites. False 

5. Microscope, is used to see tiny object. True 


1. The normal temperature of our body is 37 °C/98.4 °F. 

2. Influenza is cured by Eucalyptus. 

3. Quinine helped in the eradication of malaria. 

4. The ancient system of Indian medicine is called Ayurveda. 

5. Steathoscope is used for knowing about heart-beats. 


1. Thermometer (a) Penicillin 

2. Antibiotics (b) Steaming surgical instruments to clean 

3. Stethoscope (c) Developed by Joseph Lister to control 

infection 

4. Antiseptic (d) An out break of disease 

5. Epidemic (e) Body temperature 

6. Sterilizing (f) Helps doctors listen to heart and lung 

action 

D. Name the inventions made by these inventors : 

1. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit Thermometer 

2. Dr. Rene Laennec Stethoscope 

3. Galileo Microscope 

4. Wilhelm Konrad X-Ray Machine 

5. Alexander Fleming Penicillin 

6. Humphry Davy Anaesthesia 

E. Why do we use these instruments : 

1. Stethoscope - It is used to hear the sounds of the heart and lungs. 

2. Microscope - It is used to see tiny objects. 

3. X-ray machine - It is used to find out fracture in the body. 

4. Sphygmomanometer - It is used to measure the blood pressure of a 

patient. 

125 


F. Answer the questions : 

1. What modern inventions have helped in surgery and how 

Ans. Modern inventions of Chloroform and Antiseptics have helped in 

surgery too much. Chloroform is used to make a person unconscious 

that he does not feel pain. Antiseptics can be used in operation theaters 

to kill germs. It do not injure any body tissue also. 

2. What do you understand by pasteurization 

Ans. The process of killing gems by boiling or heating is called pasteurization. 

3. What are the different ways to prevent diseases 

Ans. 'Prevention is better than cure'. To prevent diseases preventive 

medicines and vaccines can help us. Another way of preventing 

diseases is by failing the harmful germs through pasteurization and 

DDT, Malathion and BHC, etc. 

4. What is chloroform used for 

Ans. Chloroform is used to make a person unconscious. 

5. Why is thermometer important for doctors 

Ans. Thermometer is used to check the temperature of the body and helps 

the doctors to treat the patient correctly. 


G. Visit a nearby hospital and observe how new machines are being used 

to treat patients. 


H. Make a chart about the diseases generally occur in rainy season. Also 

mention the points to prevent them. 


14. The Age of Machines 

Exercise 


1. Mass production reduced the costs of items. True 

2. Coal and petroleum will last forever. True 

3. Dams produce hydroelectricity. True 

4. Copper was discovered after iron. False 

5. Volta developed a battery to produce electricity. True 


1. The discovery of copper must have be accidental. 

2. The tools of early man were made of stones and bones. 

3. Coal was the first and most important fuel to be used in machines on a 

large scale. 

4. Battery was developed by Volta in Italy. 

5. Gobar gas is produced by Gobar. 

6. The Thermal electricity is produced by burning fuel like coal, mineral 

oil or natural gas. 

126 



1. James Watt (a) Electricity 

2. Gottlieb Daimler (b) Railway engine 

3. Volta (c) Steam engine 

4. Franklin (d) Battery 

5. George Stephenson (e) Petrol powered machine 

D. Answer the following : 

1. Which was the first metal that man discovered How did it prove 

beneficial for him 

Ans. Copper was the first metal that man discovered. He used it to make 

tools and utensils which were useful in forming the land and hunting 

the animals. 

2. What is an alloy How did man prepare it 

Ans. A mixture of two metals is called an alloy. Man began to mix copper 

with zinc and tin to make new alloys like brass and bronze. 

3. How did the invention of steam engine prove to be a blessing 

Ans. The power of steam engine was also used to run different types of 

machines. It increased productivity, reduced costs and improved 

quality. It was much more profitable. It was so successful that it 

became a model for the later inventions in steal locomotives. 

4. What is industrial revolution 

Ans. The change from hand made goods to machine made goods is known 

as the industrial revolution. 

5. How is water power produced 

Ans. When the water falls from a great height of a dam, water power is 

produced. It is called hydel power or hydro electricity. 

6. What is fuel 

Ans. The material such as coal, gas or oil that is burned to produce heat or 

power is known as fuel. 


E. Draw pictures of various sources of energy on a chart. 


F. Visit a gobar gas plant and find out how is it useful to the farmers. 


15. Some People Live Forever 

Exercise 


1. Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United Kingdom. True 

2. Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1969. False 

3. Gandhiji's struggle was based on violence. False 

4. Martin Luther King followed the path of non-violence. True 

5. Martin Luther King was awarded Nobel Prize for peace. True 

127 



1. Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809 in the USA. 

2. Abraham Lincoln said, "A nation cannot be half free and half slaves." 

3. Martin Luther King was shot dead in 1968. 

4. The main feature of Martin Luther King's movement was that it was 

non-violent. 

5. Mahatma Gandhi studied law in England. 

C. Correct the given statements : 

1. Abraham Lincoln was in favour of slavery/equality. 

2. Martin Luther King/Mahatma Gandhi is rightly called the Father of 

the Nation. 

3. Mahatma Gandhi went to South Africa/England to study law. 

4. The idea of Democracy was given by Martin Luther King/Abraham 

Lincoln 

5. Mahatma Gandhi/Martin Luther King was highly impressed by 

Martin Luther King/Mahatma Gandhi and followed his path of nonviolence. 

D. Answer the following questions : 

1. Who was Abraham Lincoln What did he do in USA 

Ans. Abraham Lincoln was the president of the USA from 1861 to 1865. He 

abolished slavery from America. 

2. What was the greatest achievements of Abraham Lincoln 

Ans. In 1862, Lincoln abolished slavery and declared that country could not 

be half free and half slave. On the New Year Day of 1863, Lincoln 

freed all the slaves. Lincoln gave the idea of democracy too. 

3. Why was Abraham Lincoln assassinated 

Ans. Lincoln declared a policy of peace. But some people were still against 

his views. He was assassinated by one of them named John Wilkes. 

4. What was Gandhi's struggle based on 

Ans. Gandhiji's struggle was based on Ahimsa or non-violence and truth. 

5. Who was Martin Luther King 

Ans. Martin Luther King was a modern prophet of peace who fought 

against slavery in America. 

6. Why did Martin Luther King begin his movement against Whites 

Ans. Martin Luther King believed in the equality of man. He fought for the 

rights of the Blacks against Whites in USA. He was awarded Nobel 

Prize for peace in 1968. 


E. Write three lines about each of them : 

1. Mother Teresa 2. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 

3. Kiran Bedi 4. Bhagat Singh 


F. Collect the pictures of Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin 

Luther King, Mother Teresa, B.R. Ambedkar, Kiran Bedi and Bhagat 

Singh. Paste them in your scrapbook. 


128 





1. Which calamity occurs with a heavy rainfall 

(a) drought 

(b) cyclone 

(c) earthquake 

(d) flood 

3 

2. When a rock falls from a great height, it may cause : 

(a) earthquake 

(b) landslide 

3 

(c) cyclone 

(d) hurrican 

3. The first writing was developed in the form of : 

(a) pictures 

3 (b) hieroglyphic 

(c) cuneiform 

(d) all of them 

4. Our national language Hindi which is the Devanagri script is 

derived from : 

(a) the Brahmi script 3 (b) the Kharoshti script 

(c) the Perisian script 

(d) the Arabic script 

5. Which of the following is not a bacterial disease 

(a) cholera 

(b) smallpox 

(c) malaria 

3 (d) tuberculosis 

6. Which of the following disease is not spread by a mosquito 

(a) malaria 

(b) filaria 

(c) cholera 

3 (d) dengue 

7. The first metal discovered by the early man was : 

(a) gold 

(b) silver 

(c) copper 

3 (d) iron 

8. Petroleum was discovered in ____ in 1857 : 

(a) England 

(b) Saudi Arabia 

(c) USA 

3 (d) Japan 

9. Mahatma Gandhi was born at : 

(a) Surat 

(b) Kolkata 

(c) Porbandar 

3 (d) Champaran 

10. _____got Nobel Prize for peace in 1968 : 

(a) Mahatma Gandhi 

(b) Abraham Lincoln 

(c) George Washington 

(d) Martin Luther King 

16. The Birth of the United Nations 

Exercise 


1. The Second World War ended in 1945. True 

2. The headquarters of the UN are in England. False 

3 

129 


3. 10th December is celebrated as the Human Rights Day. True 

4. To become a member of the UN, the country must be very big. False 

5. India is an active member of the UN. True 


1. The First World War was fought from 1914 to 1918. 

2. The term United Nations was coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt. 

3. Nagasaki and Hiroshima are in Japan. 

4. Anganwadi programme in India is conducted by UNICEF. 

5. The International Court of Justice has 15 judges. 

C. Name each of the following : 

1. The city where the UN was formed San Francisco 

2. The city where the UN headquarters are located New York 

3. Who suggested the name the United Nations Franklin D. Roosevelt 

4. The country which became victim of the US bomb droppings Japan 

5. The number of members the United Nations has now 200 

6. The head of the secretariat Secretary General 

D. Write the headquarters of the following agencies : 

1. The UN New York - USA 

2. The International Court of Justice The Hague 

3. The Secretariat New York 

4. UNICEF New York 

5. WHO Geneva 

6. UNESCO Paris 


1. When was the United Nations Organization formed What are its 

main objectives 

Ans. The UNO was formed on 24 Oct 1945. Its main objectives are : 

1. To maintain peace and security in world. 

2. To develop friendly relation with all nations. 

3. To promote human rights and freedom for all. 

4. To remove differences among the nations. 

2. What was the League of Nations 

Ans. League of Nations was an organization which was set up in 1919 to 

maintain peace and harmony in the world. 

3. Where was the Charter of the United Nations Organisation drafted 

Ans. The Charter of the UNO was drafted on 24th October 1945 at San 

Francisco in USA. It was signed by 51 nations. India was one of them. 

4. What are the major achievements of UN 

Ans. The most important achievement of the United Nations is that it has 

prevented a possible 'Third World War'. The UN has been working 

hard to remove illiteracy poverty and diseases from the world. 

130 


5. What does UNICEF do for the children 

Ans. UNICEF provides funds for the poor children. It actively assists its 

member nations to solve the problems of illiteracy, malnutrition and 

diseases among the children. It helps the mother and child in the fields 

of education, health and food. 


F. Collect the greeting cards sold by UNICEF. 


G. Prepare a report on India's contribution to United Nations. 


17. The British Rule in India 

Exercise 


1. The Indian Princes always remained united against the British. False 

2. The First office of the East India Company was established in 

Calicut. 

False 

3. The British established factories at many places. True 

4. Aurangzeb granted permission to build Fort William near 

Kolkata. 

True 

5. The battle of Plassey was fought at Buxar. False 


1. Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on the West Coast of India. 

2. Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal, was defeated in the battle of 

Plassey in 1757. 

3. The British built forts around their godowns to increase the armed 

power. 

4. The Britishers forced Indian farmers to grow Indigo which gave a 

blue dye. 

5. The Company established its first factory at Surat(Gujrat) in India. 

6. Bahadur Shah Jafar was made the emperor of India in 1857. 


1. Vasco da Gama (a) 1857 

2. First revolt (b) A blue dye 

3. Indigo (c) Kolkata 

4. Fort William (d) A Portuguese sailor 

D. Answer the following questions : 

1. When did the East India Company established 

Ans. The East India Company was established in 1600 AD. It established its 

trading centres at Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai. 

131 


2. What goods were being exported from India to the European 

markets since ancient times 

Ans. Spices, gold, cotton and pearls, etc. were being exported from India to 

the European market. 

3. Who fought the battle of Plassey with whom 

Ans. The Britishers fought the battle of Plassey with Nawab Siraj-ud-daula, 

ruler of Bengal. 

4. Where did the first spark of revolt start 

Ans. The first spark of revolt was started at Meerut. 

5. How did the British succeed in capturing large parts of India 

Ans. The British captured large parts of India through 'Doctrine of Lapse'. 

According to this law, if a king died without a male child, his kingdom 

would become a part of British Territory. 


E. Collect pictures of the great heroes of the revolt of 1857 and paste 

them in your scrapbook. 


F. On an outline map of India show five places where the revolt of 1857 

spread. 


18. The Struggle for Independence 

Exercise 


1. 'Vande Mataram' was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. True 

2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai 

were known as 'Bal, Pal, Lal'. 

True 

3. The Indian National congress was established by Khudi Ram. False 

4. The Ghadar Party was formed in Paris. False 

5. The partition of Bengal was abolished in 1911. True 


1. Khudi Ram Bose was a well-known revolutionary. 

2. The partition of Bengal was abolished in 1911. 

3. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a social reformer. 

4. The first session of congress was held in Bombay. 

5. Lala Hardayal formed Gadar Party. 


1. Lala Hardayal (a) Revolutionary 

2. Madam Cama (b) America 

3. Raja Mahendra Pratap (c) Geneva 

4. Chandra Shekhar Azad (d) A civil servant 

5. A.O. Hume (e) A social reformer 

6. Narayana Guru (f) Kabul 

132 


D. Name any three : 

1. Moderate leaders Dadabhai S.N.Banerjee Gopal Krishna 

Naoroji Gokhale 

2. Extremist leaders Bal Pal Lal 

3. Prominent Raja Ram Sir Syed Narayan Guru 

revolutionaries Mohan Rai Ahmed Khan 

4. Social evils Sati Pratha Untouchability Child marriage 


1. Name some prominent social reformers in the beginning of 

freedom movement. 

Ans. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chand Vidya Sagar, Sir Syed Ahmed 

Khan and Narayan Guru were prominent social reformers in the 

beginning of freedom movement. 

2. When and why was the Indian National Congress formed 

Ans. The resentment against British Raj in the Indian society led to the birth 

of Indian National Congress. It was formed in 1885 by a retired civil 

servant A.O.Hume with the help of educated Indians. 

3. What was the 'Divide and Rule' policy of the British 

Ans. According to divide and rule policy, British aimed at dividing Indians 

into two communal groups of Hindus and Muslims. They used it to 

weaken the United Indians and freedom movement. 

4. Who were the moderate and extremists 

Ans. The early leaders, who wanted India to become free in a peaceful and 

legal way, were known moderate 'while extremists believed in using 

extreme methods, including violence. A large number of youth were 

inspired by them. 

5. Why did the Indians help the British in World War I 

Ans. The Indians help the British in World War I with a thought that British 

would feel obliged and grant freedom to India. 

6. Why was the Swadeshi Movement started 

Ans. The partition of Bengal gave birth to the Swadeshi Movement. It 

meant using goods made in India only and boycott British goods. 


F. Collect pictures of the prominent freedom fighters and paste them in 

your scrapbook. 


G. Find out the name of the organisation formed by Raja Ram Mohan 

Roy and learn about its activities. 


133 


19. 

Freedom Movement Led 

by Mahatma Gandhi 

Exercise 


1. Salt law did not permit the people to make salt from sea water. True 

2. Subhash Chandra Bose is popular as Netaji. True 

3. Abdul Ghaffar Khan was popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab. False 

4. Congress launched the quit India movement in 1857. False 

5. India got freedom on the midnight of 14 August 1947. True 


1. 'Do or Die' was the slogan given by Gandhiji. 

2. Gandhiji and his followers broke the Salt Law. 

3. Second World War was started in 1939. 

4. Azad Hind Fauj was formed by Subhash Chandra Bose. 

5. Congress decided to have Poorna Swaraj at Lahore session. 


1. Subhash Chandra Bose (a) Police Station 

2. Mahatma Gandhi (b) Dandi March 

3. Chauri Chaura (c) Revolutionary 

4. Salt Law (d) Dilli Chalo 

5. Bhagat Singh (e) Satyagrah 

6. Rani Gaidinliu (f) British Commander 

7. General Dyer (g) Nagaland 

D. Write short notes on : 

1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - In Amritsar, Punjab on 13 April 1919, 

about 20,000 innocent persons were killed and wounded in the 

Jallianwala Bagh ordered by General Dyer. 

2. Simon Commission - A Commission, under the Chairmanship of Sir 

John Simon, arrived in India to handle law and order situation in India. 

It had no Indian member in it. People boycotted it with the slogan 

'Simon Go Back.' 

3. Quit India Movement - The congress launched the 'Quit India 

Movement' in 1942. It was for Britishers to quit India and give us 

freedom. 

4. Dandi March - The salt law did not permit the Indian people to make 

or collect salt from the sea. Gandhiji and their followers walked on 

foot from Sabarmati to Dandi to broke the unjust salt law. This journey 

of Gandhiji is known as Dandi March. 


1. What is Satyagrah 

Ans. Satyagrah means insistence on truth. It is a method of non-violent 

resistance. 

134 


2. What was the Quit India Movement 

Ans. The British Government forced India to join the second world war in 

1939, without consulting the Indian leaders. The Indian leaders did not 

like this, so, the congress launched the 'Quit India Movement' in 1942. 

3. Why was the non-cooperation movement started 

Ans. The whole nation was shocked at the brutality of the British at 

Jallianwala Bagh. So Gandhiji decided to launch the non-cooperation 

movement in 1920. 

4. Why did Gandhiji start the Civil Disobedience Movement by 

breaking the Salt Act 

Ans. The salt law did not permit the Indian people to make or collect salt 

from the sea. Gandhiji and their followers walked on foot from 

Sabarmati to Dandi to broke the unjust salt law. This journey of 

Gandhiji is known as Dandi March. 

Thus Gandhiji showed the British that the Indian people would no 

more obey British laws. The Civil Disobedience Movement spread all 

over the country. 

5. Why was India partitioned 

Ans. The British policy of 'Divide and Rule' had borne fruit. Muslim leader 

'Jinnah' demanded a separate nation for the muslims. India got 

freedom on 15th August 1947 but the country was divided into two 

nations-India and Pakistan. 

6. How did Subhash Chandra Bose work to make India free 

Ans. S.C.Bose waged a war for freedom from outside India. He believed in 

the direct action against British rule. He organised the 'Indian National 

Army' to overthrow the British from India. People lovingly called him 

'Netaji'. 


F. Make a collection of the songs sung during our freedom struggle. 





1. Which of the following countries is not the permanent member of 

the UN General Assembly 

(a) Russia 

(b) India 

3 

(c) China 

(d) France 

2. 'Health is common wealth' the slogan is given by : 

(a) UNESCO 

(b) WHO 

3 

(c) UNICEF 

(d) ECOSOC 

135 


3. Vasco da Gama was a/an : 

(a) Dutch sailor 

(b) English sailor 

(c) French sailor 

(d) Portuguese sailor 

4. The East India Company opened its first factory at : 

(a) Surat 

3 (b) Calicut 

(c) Cochin 

(d) Kolkata 

5. The partition of Bengal was abolished in : 

(a) 1911 3 (b) 1912 

(c) 1913 (d) 1914 

6. Who brought out the paper 'Vande Mataram' 

(a) Madam Cama 3 (b) Annie Besant 

(c) Sarojini Naidu 

(d) Kasturba Gandhi 

7. The Indian National Congress was established by : 

(a) Chandra Shekhar Azad (b) Khudi Ram 

(c) A.O.Hume 

3 (d) General Dyer 

8. The Ghadar Party was formed in : 

(a) Paris 

(b) London 

(c) America 

3 (d) India 

9. Who is popularly known as Netaji 

(a) Mahatma Gandhi 

(b) Subhash Chandra Bose 

(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru 

(d) Lala Lajpat Rai 

10. The Quit India Movement was launched in : 

(a) 1921 (b) 1931 

(c) 1937 (d) 1942 

3 

3 

3 

136

Enjoy with Social Life-5 [106-136] - School Books Publishers India

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