Untitled - World Health Organization
Untitled - World Health Organization
Untitled - World Health Organization
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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data<br />
Global strategy for infant and young child feeding.<br />
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1.Infant nutrition 2.Breast feeding 3.Feeding behavior 4.National health programs<br />
5.<strong>Health</strong> policy 6.Guidelines I.<strong>World</strong> <strong>Health</strong> <strong>Organization</strong><br />
ISBN 92 4 456221 9 (NLM classification: WS 120)<br />
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1& Ddtltybt<br />
hfccvfnhbdfkfcm ghj,ktvf ghtleght;ltybz gthtlfxb DBX jn<br />
vfnthb ht,tyre 1 b rjycekmnfwbb ’rcgthnjd^ hfccvjnhtdib[ jgnbvfkmye.<br />
lkbntkmyjcnm bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
(:tytdf^ 28-30 vfhnf 2001 u&) 2 &<br />
D cjjndtncndbb c lfyysv gjl[jljv^ ghtlecvfnhbdf.obv exfcnbt<br />
cnhfy d flfgnfwbb cnhfntubb r b[ rjyrhtnysv gjnht,yjcnzv c cfvjuj<br />
yfxfkf tt hfphf,jnrb^ d gthbjl 2000-2001 uu& ghjtrn cnhfntubb<br />
hfccvfnhbdfkcz yf rjycekmnfnbdys[ cjdtofybz[ d YBCTA^ AFJ^ VJN^ Vt;leyfhjlyjq rjycekmnfnbdyjq<br />
fccjwbfwbb gj kfrnfwbb^ Vt;leyfhjlyjq ctnb ltqcndbq d<br />
j,kfcnb ltncrjuj gbnfybz b Dctvbhyjuj fkmzycf ltqcndbq d j,kfcnb<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz& Yf jcyjdt gjkextyys[ lfyys[ b ghbywbgjd^<br />
rjnjhst gjkexbkb hfpdbnbt d [jlt ’njuj ghjwtccf^ dszdbkfcm<br />
cktle.ofz cnhernehf gjkbnbrb&<br />
. Ytghfdbkmyfz ghfrnbrf dcrfhvkbdfybz b tt gjcktlcndbz<br />
zdkz.ncz jcyjdysvb ghtgzncndbzvb^ vtif.obvb ecnjqxbdjve<br />
cjwbfkmyj-’rjyjvbxtcrjve hfpdbnb. b evtymityb.<br />
ybotns& Ghfdbntkmcndf yt lj,m.ncz ecgt[jd d cdjb[ ecbkbz[<br />
gj ecrjhtyb. ’rjyjvbxtcrjuj hfpdbnbz d crjkmrj-yb,elm<br />
ljkujdhtvtyyjv gkfyt^ tckb yt ,eltn j,tcgtxty jgnbvfkmysq<br />
hjcn b hfpdbnbt ht,tyrf^ jcj,tyyj ,kfujlfhz cjjndtncnde.otq<br />
ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdfybz&<br />
. Yflkt;fofz ghfrnbrf dcrfhvkbdfybz yf jcyjdt afrnbxtcrb[<br />
lfyys[ zdkztncz df;ytqibv ’ktvtynjv ljcnb;tybz b gjllth;fybz<br />
cjjndtncnde.otuj gbnfybz b pljhjdmz&<br />
. Vfnthb b uhelyst ltnb ghtlcnfdkz.n cj,jq ytltkbve.<br />
,bjkjubxtcre. b cjwbfkmye. tlbybwe* pljhjdmt b gbnfybt<br />
jlyb[ ytjnltkbvj jn pljhjdmz b gbnfybz lheub[&<br />
1<br />
1<br />
Gjcktlybt lfyyst gj ghtleght;ltyb. gthtlfxb DBX jn vfnthb ht,tyre b b[<br />
pyfxtybt lkz gjkbnbrb% dsdjls b htrjvtylfwbb& Nt[ybxtcrfz rjycekmnfwbz DJP^<br />
jhufybpjdfyyfz gj kbybb Vt;extht;ltyxtcrjq wtktdjq uheggs gj gthtlfxt DBX<br />
jn vfnthb ht,tyre >YAGF#>YBCTA#DJP#>Y"QLC^ jrnz,hm 2001 u&^<br />
:tytdf^ DJP (ljrevtyn WHO/RHR/01.28).<br />
Jgnbvfkmyfz ghjljk;bntkmyjcnm bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz& Jnxtn<br />
rjycekmnfwbb ’rcgthnjd^ :tytdf^ DJP (ljrevtyn WHO/NHD/01.09, WHO/<br />
FCH/CAH/01.24), vfhn 2001 u&<br />
3
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. Gjcnjzyyjt eltktybt df;yjuj dybvfybz djghjce ekexitybz<br />
gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d catht<br />
j,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfytybz bvttn rfgbnfkmyjt pyfxtybt<br />
lkz pfrhtgktybz ecgt[jd^ ljcnbuyens[ pf gjcktlybt ltcznbktnbz&<br />
. Xthtp ldflwfnm ktn gjckt ghbyznbz Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf<br />
ghfdbk c,snf pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ pf 10 ktn<br />
ghfrnbxtcrjuj jceotcndktybz Dctvbhyjq ltrkfhfwbb b Gkfyf<br />
ltqcndbq d j,kfcnb gbnfybz^ Byyjxtynbqcrjq ltrkfhfwbb<br />
b Bybwbfnbds gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^<br />
,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ gjhf ,s ghfdbntkmcndfv^<br />
vt;leyfhjlyjve cjj,otcnde b lheubv pfbynthtcjdfyysv<br />
cnjhjyfv erhtgbnm cdj. ghbdth;tyyjcnm ltke<br />
erhtgktybz pljhjdmz b gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf b cjnhelybxfnm d ’nb[ wtkz[&<br />
. {jnz yt dct rjvgjytyns ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb yjds^ df;ysv<br />
yjditcndjv zdkztncz rjvgktrcysq dctj,]tvk.obq gjl[jl b<br />
cntgtym chjxyjcnb^ nht,etvst lkz tt jceotcndktybz^ c ntv<br />
xnj,s ’aatrnbdyj htibnm nfre. ’ktvtynfhye. b dctj,oe.<br />
ghj,ktve^ rfr j,tcgtxtybt yflkt;fotuj rjhvktybz ltntq<br />
vbhf&<br />
. Yfb,jktt hfwbjyfkmysq b ’rjyjvbxysq gjl[jl r ljcnb;tyb.<br />
wtkb b pflfx cnhfntubb --- ’nj bcgjkmpjdfybt<br />
ceotcnde.ob[ vtlbrj-cfybnfhys[ b vt;ctrnjhfkmys[<br />
cnherneh ghb b[ erhtgktybb d ytj,[jlbvs[ ckexfz[&<br />
. Ecgt[ d jceotcndktybb ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb pfdbcbn^ d<br />
gthde. jxthtlm b ght;lt dctuj^ jn j,tcgtxtybz gjkbnbxtcrjq<br />
ghbdth;tyyjcnb yf cfvjv dscjrjv ehjdyt b rjywtynhfwbb<br />
ytj,[jlbvs[ k.lcrb[ b abyfycjds[ htcehcjd&<br />
. Lheubt bcrk.xbntkmyj df;yst eckjdbz lkz ecgt[f drk.xf.n<br />
jghtltktybt cjjndtncnde.ob[ wtktq b pflfx^ htfkbcnbxyst<br />
chjrb b[ ljcnb;tybz b gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb<br />
ghjuhtccf b htpekmnfnbdyjcnb^ rjnjhst gjpdjkzn<br />
jceotcndkznm xtnrbq vjybnjhbyu b jwtyre ghtlghbybvftvs[<br />
ltqcndbq b ,scnhjt htfubhjdfybt yf dszdkztvst gjnht,yjcnb&<br />
4
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb.<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
Jghtltktybt ghj,ktvs<br />
1& Ytljcnfnjxyjt bkb ytgjkyjwtyyjt gbnfybt zdkztncz ghzvjq bkb<br />
rjcdtyyjq ghbxbyjq d 60¢ bp 10^9 vbkkbjyf ckexftd cvthnb chtlb<br />
ltntq d djphfcnt lj gznb ktn d ujl&
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
fltrdfnyjt gbnfybt b yf ljcneg r ,tpjgfcysv b gbnfntkmysv<br />
gbotdsv ghjlernfv^ b j,f ’nb vjvtynf bvt.n ceotcndtyyjt<br />
pyfxtybt lkz htfkbpfwbb ghfdf yf ljcnb;tybt djpvj;yj<br />
dscituj ehjdyz pljhjdmz& :tyobys^ d cdj. jxthtlm^ bvt.n<br />
ghfdj yf yflkt;fott gbnfybt^ yf ghbyznbt htitybz j njv^ rfr<br />
rjhvbnm cdjb[ ltntq^ b yf gjkye. byajhvfwb. b cjjndtncnde.obt<br />
eckjdbz^ rjnjhst gjpdjkz.n bv jceotcndkznm cdjb<br />
htitybz& Dj vyjub[ ckexfz[ ’nb ghfdf tot yt htfkbpjdfys&<br />
4&
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
7& Rjyrhtnyst pflfxb ’njq cnhfntubb nfrjds%<br />
. gjdscbnm byajhvbhjdfyyjcnm d jnyjitybb jcyjdys[<br />
ghj,ktv^ rfcf.ob[cz rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf^ jghtltkbnm gjl[jls r b[ htityb. b j,tcgtxbnm<br />
jcyjde lkz jceotcndktybz jcyjdys[ vthjghbznbq*<br />
. gjdscbnm ghbdth;tyyjcnm ghfdbntkmcnd^ vt;leyfhjlys[<br />
jhufybpfwbq b lheub[ pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy 1 d wtkz[<br />
jceotcndktybz jgnbvfkmyjq ghfrnbrb gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj<br />
b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
. cjplfnm nfre. jrhe;f.oe. j,cnfyjdre^ rjnjhfz gjpdjkbn<br />
vfnthzv^ lheubv xktyfv ctvmb b djcgbnfntkzv d k.,jq<br />
cbnefwbb ghbybvfnm b jceotcndkznm j,jcyjdfyysq ds,jh d<br />
jnyjitybb jgnbvfkmyjq ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj<br />
b hfyytuj djphfcnf&<br />
8& "nf cnhfntubz ghtlyfpyfxtyf lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d rfxtcndt<br />
herjdjlcndf lkz ltqcndbq* jyf jcyjdfyf yf yfrjgktyys[<br />
afrnbxtcrb[ lfyys[^ rfcf.ob[cz pyfxtybz gthds[ vtczwtd b<br />
ktn ;bpyb lkz hjcnf b hfpdbnbz ht,tyrf^ b lkz jghtltktybz<br />
vthjghbznbq c gjlndth;ltyysv gjpbnbdysv djpltqcndbtv d<br />
ntxtybt ’njuj gthbjlf& Rhjvt njuj^ xnj,s cj[hfyznm lbyfvbxysq<br />
[fhfrnth cnhfntubb^ tt ecgtiyjt dsgjkytybt ,eltn<br />
pfdbctnm jn njuj^ rfrbv j,hfpjv elfcncz blnb d yjue c<br />
ghjuhtccjv^ cnbvekbhez yjdst rkbybxtcrbt bccktljdfybz b<br />
bpextybt yfhjljyfctktybz^ f nfr;t bccktlez ghj,ktvs d<br />
j,kfcnb gjdtltybz&<br />
9& Yb jlyj tlbybxyjt vthjghbznbt bkb uheggf yt vj;tn ghbdtcnb r<br />
ecgtiyjve htityb. ’njq ghj,ktvs* nfrbv j,hfpjv^ jceotcndktybt<br />
’njq cnhfntubb nht,etn erhtgktybz gjkbnbxtcrjq djkb^<br />
ujcelfhcndtyys[ bydtcnbwbq^ byajhvbhjdfyyjcnb hf,jnybrjd<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz^ exfcnbz ctvtq b j,oby^ f nfr;t cjnhelybxtcndf<br />
vt;le ghfdbntkmcndfvb b vt;leyfhjlysvb jhufybpfwbzvb b<br />
lheubvb pfbynthtcjdfyysvb cnjhjyfvb^ xnj d rjytxyjv bnjut<br />
j,tcgtxbn jceotcndktybt dct[ ytj,[jlbvs[ ltqcndbq&<br />
1<br />
Lkz wtktq ’njq cnhfntubb r lheubv pfbynthtcjdfyysv cnjhjyfv jnyjczncz<br />
jhufybpfwbb cgtwbfkbcnjd^ ext,yst pfdtltybz^ ghjvsiktyyst b rjvvthxtcrbt<br />
ghtlghbznbz b b[ fccjwbfwbb^ ytghfdbntkmcndtyyst jhufybpfwbb^ ytpfdbcbvj jn<br />
njuj^ pfhtubcnhbhjdfys kb jyb jabwbfkmyj bkb ytn^ htkbubjpyst b<br />
,kfujndjhbntkmyst jhufybpfwbb b fccjwbfwbb uhf;lfy^ nfrbt rfr ctnb gjllth;rb<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz yf ehjdyt j,obys b uheggs gjnht,bntktq&<br />
7
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
Cjltqcndbt yflkt;fotve rjhvktyb. ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
10& Uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt zdkztncz yfbkexibv cgjcj,jv ghtljcnfdktybz<br />
bltfkmyjuj gbnfybz lkz pljhjdjuj hjcnf b hfpdbnbz<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf* jyj nfr;t zdkztncz cjcnfdyjq xfcnm.<br />
htghjlernbdyjuj ghjwtccf c df;ysvb gjcktlcndbzvb lkz pljhjdmz<br />
vfnthtq& Lkz jgnbvfkmyjuj hjcnf^ hfpdbnbz b pljhjdmz<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf ukj,fkmyfz htrjvtylfwbz<br />
j,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfytybz cjcnjbn d ytj,[jlbvjcnb<br />
bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d ntxtybt gthds[ itcnb<br />
vtczwtd ;bpyb 1 & Cjjndtncndtyyj^ lkz eljdktndjhtybz cdjb[<br />
djphfcnf.ob[ gjnht,yjcntq d gbnfybb ltnb uhelyjuj djphfcnf<br />
ljk;ys gjkexfnm fltrdfnysq d gbnfntkmyjv jnyjitybb b<br />
,tpjgfcysq ghbrjhv ghb ghjljk;tybb uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
lj lde[ ktn bkb ,jktt& Bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt c<br />
cfvjuj hj;ltybz djpvj;yj pf bcrk.xtybtv ytvyjub[ vtlbwbycrb[<br />
cjcnjzybq^ b ytjuhfybxtyyjt bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt<br />
dtltn r dshf,jnrt ,jkmijuj rjkbxtcndf vjkjrf&<br />
11& {jnz uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt zdkztncz tcntcndtyysv frnjv^ jyj<br />
nfr;t zdkztncz ghbj,htnftvjq ajhvjq gjdtltybz& Afrnbxtcrb dct<br />
vfnthb vjuen rjhvbnm uhelm. ghb eckjdbb^ xnj jyb hfcgjkfuf.n<br />
njxyjq byajhvfwbtq b gjllth;rjq cj cnjhjys ctvtq b j,oby^ f<br />
nfr;t cj cnjhjys cbcntvs vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob& Jyb<br />
nfr;t ljk;ys bvtnm ljcneg r rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq ghfrnbxtcrjq<br />
gjvjob^ rjnjhe. vj;yj gjkexbnm^ yfghbvth e gjlujnjdktyys[<br />
hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ gjkmpjdfnmcz cjdtnfvb kbw^ yt<br />
zdkz.ob[cz cgtwbfkbcnfvb^ bkb rjkktu^ f nfr;t htrjvtylfwbzvb<br />
lbgkjvbhjdfyys[ rjycekmnfynjd gj kfrnfwbb^ rjnjhst vjuen<br />
gjvjxm cjplfnm edthtyyjcnm e vfnthtq^ ekexibnm nt[ybre rjhvktybz<br />
b ghtljndhfofnm bkb htifnm djpybrf.obt ghj,ktvs&<br />
12& :tyobyfv^ yf[jlzobvcz yf jgkfxbdftvjq hf,jnt^ vj;yj<br />
gjvjxm d ghjljk;tybb uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz gjchtlcndjv<br />
j,tcgtxtybz b[ vbybvfkmysvb ,kfujghbznysvb eckjdbzvb^<br />
yfghbvth gentv ghtljcnfdktybz jgkfxbdftvs[ jngecrjd gj<br />
,thtvtyyjcnb b hjlfv^ cjukfitybq j ytgjkyjv hf,jxtv lyt^<br />
1<br />
Rfr cajhvekbhjdfyj d pfrk.xtybz[ b htrjvtylfwbz[ rjycekmnfnbdyjuj cjdtofybz<br />
’rcgthnjd (:tytdf^ 28-30 vfhnf 2001 u&)^ rjnjhjt pfdthibkj cbcntvfnbxtcrbq<br />
j,pjh jgnbvfkmyjq ghjljk;bntkmyjcnb bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
(cv& ljrevtyn A54/INF.DOC./4). ~v& nfr;t htpjk.wb. WHA54&2&<br />
8
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
ghtljcnfdktybb zcktq^ gjvtotybq b chtlcnd lkz cwt;bdfybz b<br />
[hfytybz uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ f nfr;t gththsdjd lkz rjhvktybz<br />
uhelm. (cv& geyrn 28)&<br />
13& Ltnb uhelyjuj djphfcnf jcj,tyyj ezpdbvs dj dhtvz gtht[jlyjuj<br />
gthbjlf^ rjulf yfxbyftncz ghbrjhv& Nfrbv j,hfpjv^ lkz<br />
eljdktndjhtybz b[ gjnht,yjcntq d gbnfybb nht,etncz^ xnj,s<br />
ghbrjhv ,sk%<br />
. cdjtdhtvtyysv^ nj tcnm njulf^ rjulf gjnht,yjcnm d ’ythubb b<br />
gbnfntkmys[ ’ktvtynf[ ghtdsiftn nj^ xnj vj;tn ,snm<br />
ghtljcnfdktyj gjchtlcndjv bcrk.xbntkmyjuj b xfcnjuj<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz*<br />
. fltrdfnysv^ nj tcnm c ljcnfnjxysv rjkbxtcndjv ’ythubb^<br />
,tkrjd b gbnfntkmys[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd lkz eljdktndjhtybz<br />
djphfcnf.ob[ gjnht,yjcntq ht,tyrf d gbnfybb*<br />
. ,tpjgfcysv^ nj tcnm^ xnj,s [hfybkcz b ujnjdbkcz d ububtybxtcrb[<br />
eckjdbz[ b rjhvktybt ghjbpdjlbkjcm xbcnsvb herfvb<br />
bp xbcnjq gjcels^ f yt bp hj;rf c cjcrjq*<br />
. ghfdbkmysv^ nj tcnm ht,tyrf rjhvzn d cjjndtncndbb c tuj<br />
pfghjcfvb b ghbpyfrfvb yfcsotybz^ f xfcnjnf rjhvktybz b<br />
vtnjl ghbtvf gbob --- ghb frnbdyjv gjjohtybb ht,tyrf lf;t<br />
dj dhtvz ,jktpyb r tt gjnht,ktyb. herfvb^ kj;rjq bkb<br />
cfvjcnjzntkmyj --- cjjndtncnde.n lfyyjve djphfcne&<br />
14& Yflkt;fobq ghbrjhv nht,etn njxyjq byajhvfwbb b rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq<br />
gjllth;rb cj cnjhjys ctvmb^ j,obys b cbcntvs<br />
vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob& Ytljcnfnjxyst pyfybz d jnyjitybb<br />
yflkt;fob[ ghjlernjd gbnfybz b ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz xfcnj<br />
zdkz.ncz ,jktt ceotcndtyysv jghtltkz.obv afrnjhjv ytljcnfnjxyjcnb<br />
gbnfybz^ xtv jncencndbt gbob& Rhjvt njuj^<br />
nht,e.ncz hfpyjj,hfpyst gjl[jls lkz j,tcgtxtybz ljcnegf r<br />
ghjlernfv gbnfybz^ rjnjhst fltrdfnysv j,hfpjv eljdktndjhzn<br />
’ythutnbxtcrbt b gbnfntkmyst gjnht,yjcnb hfcneob[ ltntq^<br />
yfghbvth bcgjkmpjdfybt ljvfiytq b yfhjlyjq nt[yjkjubb lkz<br />
gjdsitybz gbnfntkmyjcnb^ ,bjecdjztvjcnb bkb cjlth;fybz<br />
ytj,[jlbvs[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd d vtcnys[ ghjlernf[ gbnfybz&<br />
15& J,tcgtxtybt lj,hjrfxtcndtyyjuj b jhbtynbhe.otujcz yf rekmnehye.<br />
chtle rjycekmnbhjdfybz d j,kfcnb gbnfybz lkz vfnthtq<br />
ltntq hfyytuj djphfcnf^ f nfr;t j,tcgtxtybt htrjvtylfwbq d<br />
jnyjitybb rfr vj;yj ,jktt ibhjrjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz vtcnys[<br />
ghjlernjd gbnfybz gjvj;tn j,tcgtxbnm nfrjt gjkj;tybt^ rjulf<br />
9
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
vtcnyst gbotdst ghjlerns gjlujnjdktys b gjnht,kz.ncz<br />
,tpjgfcysv j,hfpjv d ljvfiyb[ eckjdbz[& Ctkmcrj[jpzqcndtyysq<br />
ctrnjh ljk;ty csuhfnm jcj,j df;ye. hjkm d j,tcgtxtybb<br />
njuj^ xnj,s ghjbpdjlbkbcm^ bvtkbcm d yfkbxbb b ,skb ljcnegys<br />
gjl[jlzobt ghjlerns gbnfybz lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d ghbrjhvt&<br />
16& Rhjvt njuj^ ytljhjujq ghbrjhv^ ghbujnjdktyysq bp bvt.ob[cz<br />
yf vtcnt cjcnfdys[ xfcntq^ d yt,jkmib[ rjkbxtcndf[ b d<br />
ljvfiytq j,cnfyjdrt vj;tn gjvjxm eljdktndjhtyb. gjnht,yjcntq<br />
uhelys[ ltntq cnfhituj djphfcnf b ltntq hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf d j,kfcnb gbnfybz& Ghbrjhvs ghjvsiktyyjuj ghjbpdjlcndf<br />
nfr;t vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnm nt vfnthb^ rjnjhst hfcgjkfuf.n<br />
chtlcndfvb lkz b[ gjregrb^ f nfr;t pyfybtv b<br />
djpvj;yjcnzvb ,tpjgfcyjuj ghbujnjdktybz b gjnht,ktybz&<br />
J,hf,jnfyyst gbotdst ghjlerns lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf ljk;ys ghb ghjlf;t bkb ghb hfcghjcnhfytybb bysv<br />
j,hfpjv jndtxfnm cjjndtncnde.obv cnfylfhnfv^ htrjvtyljdfyysv<br />
Rjvbccbtq gj Rjltrc fkbvtynfhbec^ f nfr;t Rjltrcjv<br />
ububtybxtcrjq ghfrnbrb d jnyjitybb ghjlernjd gbnfybz lkz<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b cnfhituj djphfcnf Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec&<br />
17& Njve^ xnj,s uhelyst ltnb ,jktt cnfhituj djphfcnf b ltnb<br />
hfyytuj djphfcnf gjkexfkb fltrdfnyjt rjkbxtcndj gbnfntkmys[<br />
’ktvtynjd^ vj;tn nfr;t cgjcj,cndjdfnm j,jufotybt gbotds[<br />
ghjlernjd b j,obt bkb ds,jhjxyst lj,fdrb gbnfntkmys[<br />
’ktvtynjd&<br />
Lheubt fkmnthyfnbds rjhvktybz<br />
18& Gjlfdkz.ott xbckj vfnthtq vjuen b ljk;ys rjhvbnm uhelm.^<br />
b gjlfdkz.ott xbckj ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf vjuen b ljk;ys<br />
dcrfhvkbdfnmcz uhelm.& Kbim d bcrk.xbntkmys[<br />
j,cnjzntkmcndf[ vjkjrj vfnthb vj;tn cxbnfnmcz ytghbujlysv<br />
lkz tt ht,tyrf& D ’nb[ htlrb[ cbnefwbz[^ cdzpfyys[ cj<br />
pljhjdmtv^ rjulf uhelys[ ltntq ytdjpvj;yj b yt cktletn<br />
rjhvbnm uhelm.^ ds,jh jgnbvfkmyjq fkmnthyfnbds ---<br />
cwt;tyyjt vfnthbycrjt vjkjrj^ vjkjrj jn pljhjdjq rjhvbkbws<br />
bkb bp ,fyrf uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ kb,j pfvtybntkm uhelyjuj<br />
vjkjrf^ rjnjhsv rjhvzn bp xfirb^ xnj zdkztncz ,jktt<br />
,tpjgfcysv vtnjljv^ xtv rjhvktybt bp hj;rf^ --- pfdbcbn jn<br />
bylbdblefkmys[ j,cnjzntkmcnd&<br />
19& Xnj rfcftncz ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhst yt gjkexf.n<br />
uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ nj^ rfrbv j,hfpjv rjhvbnm ltntq gjl[jlzobv<br />
pfvtybntktv uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ yfghbvth ltncrjq cvtcm.^ ghbuj-<br />
10
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
njdktyyjq d cjjndtncndbb c ghbvtyztvsvb yjhvfvb Rjltrcf<br />
fkbvtynfhbec^ bkb cvtcm.^ ghbujnjdktyyjq d ljvfiyb[ eckjdbz[^<br />
c lj,fdrfvb gbnfntkmys[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd^ ljk;yj gjrfpsdfnmcz<br />
kbim hf,jnybrfvb plhfdjj[hfytybz bkb lheubvb hf,jnybrfvb<br />
j,obys ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb b njkmrj ntv vfnthzv b lheubv<br />
xktyfv ctvmb^ rjnjhst ljk;ys bvb gjkmpjdfnmcz* cjj,oftvst<br />
ghb ’njv cdtltybz ljk;ys drk.xfnm d ct,z yflkt;fobt bycnherwbb<br />
d jnyjitybb cjjndtncnde.otq gjlujnjdrb^ f nfr;t d jnyjitybb<br />
jgfcyjcntq lkz pljhjdmz d htpekmnfnt ytghfdbkmyjq gjlujnjdrb<br />
b bcgjkmpjdfybz& Ltnzv uhelyjuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhs[ yt<br />
rjhvzn uhelm. gj rfrbv-kb,j ghbxbyfv^ ytj,[jlbvj eltkznm<br />
jcj,jt dybvfybt cj cnjhjys cbcntvs plhfdjj[hfytybz b cjwbfkmyjuj<br />
j,tcgtxtybz^ b,j jyb d[jlzn d uhegge hbcrf&<br />
Rjhvktybt d bcrk.xbntkmyj nhelys[ eckjdbz[<br />
20& Ctvmb^ yf[jlzobtcz d nhelys[ cbnefwbz[^ nht,e.n jcj,juj<br />
dybvfybz b ghfrnbxtcrjq gjllth;rb^ c ntv xnj,s jyb vjukb<br />
ghfdbkmyj rjhvbnm cdjb[ ltntq& D nfrb[ ckexfz[ gjdsiftncz<br />
dthjznyjcnm bcrk.xtybz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ f nfr;t<br />
gjdsiftncz jgfcyjcnm bcreccndtyyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b ytghfdbkmyjuj<br />
ghbrjhvf& Gj djpvj;yjcnb vfnthb b uhelyst ltnb<br />
ljk;ys jcnfdfnmcz dvtcnt b bv ljk;yf jrfpsdfnmcz gjllth;rf^<br />
rjnjhfz nht,etncz lkz yfb,jktt gjl[jlzotuj rjhvktybz d<br />
lfyys[ eckjdbz[&<br />
21& Ltnb uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhst gjkexf.n ytljcnfnjxyjt<br />
gbnfybt^ xfot dctuj yf[jlzncz d nfrb[ eckjdbz[^ ult<br />
gjdsitybt rfxtcndf b rjkbxtcndf gjnht,ktybz gbob jcj,tyyj<br />
ghj,ktvfnbxyj& Lkz ghtljndhfotybz htwblbdjd b ghtjljktybz<br />
gjcktlcndbq [hjybxtcrjq ytljcnfnjxyjcnb gbnfybz ’nbv ltnzv<br />
ytj,[jlbvj eltkznm ljgjkybntkmyjt dybvfybt rfr d ntxtybt<br />
hfyytq afps htf,bkbnfwbb^ nfr b d ntxtybt ,jktt lkbntkmyjuj<br />
chjrf& Gjcrjkmre vj;tn jrfpfnmcz jcj,tyyj nhelysv ljcnfnm<br />
gbnfntkmyst b ,tpjgfcyst ghjlerns ghbrjhvf^ ’nbv ltnzv^<br />
djpvj;yj^ gjnht,e.ncz lbtnbxtcrbt lj,fdrb& Lfkmytqitt<br />
xfcnjt rjhvktybt uhelm. b^ d ckexft ytj,[jlbvjcnb^ htkfrnfwbz<br />
zdkz.ncz df;ysvb ghjabkfrnbxtcrbvb vthfvb^ gjcrjkmre<br />
ytljcnfnjxyjcnm gbnfybz xfcnj djpybrftn d htpekmnfnt<br />
ytljcnfnjxyjuj b ghthsdftvjuj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz&<br />
22& Ljkz ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf c ybprjq vfccjq ntkf ghb hj;ltybb<br />
rjkt,ktncz d ghtltkf[ jn 6¢ lj ,jktt 28¢ d pfdbcbvjcnb jn<br />
cbnefwbb&
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
b b[ vj;yj rjhvbnm uhelm. d ghtltkf[ xfcf gjckt hj;ltybz&<br />
Uhelyjt vjkjrj jcj,tyyj df;yj lkz ytljyjityys[ ltntq b lkz<br />
yt,jkmijuj xbckf ljyjityys[ ltntq c jxtym ybprjq vfccjq ntkf<br />
ghb hj;ltybb* jyb gjldthuf.ncz gjdsityyjve hbcre byatrwbb^<br />
[hjybxtcrb jckf,ktyyjuj pljhjdmz b cvthnb&<br />
23& Ltnb uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf yf[jlzncz chtlb yfb,jktt<br />
ezpdbvs[ ;thnd cnb[bqys[ bkb fynhjgjutyys[ xhtpdsxfqys[<br />
cbnefwbq& Ghthsdftvjt uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt b ytghfdbkmysq<br />
ghbrjhv gjdsif.n hbcr ytljegbnfyyjcnb^ ,jktpytq b cvthnb&<br />
Ytrjynhjkbhetvjt hfcghjcnhfytybt pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^<br />
yfghbvth d kfuthz[ ,t;tywtd^ vj;tn ghbdtcnb r ght;ltdhtvtyyjve<br />
b ytye;yjve ghtrhfotyb. uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz&<br />
D jnyjitybb gjlfdkz.otuj ,jkmibycndf uhelys[ ltntq jcyjdyjt<br />
dybvfybt cktletn eltkznm j[hfyt^ gjjohtyb. b gjllth;rt<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b j,tcgtxtyb. cdjtdhtvtyyjuj^<br />
,tpjgfcyjuj b yflkt;fotuj ghbrjhvf& Dctulf ,eltn ceotcndjdfnm<br />
yt,jkmijt xbckj ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf^ rjnjhs[<br />
ytj,[jlbvj rjhvbnm pfvtybntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf& Cktletn<br />
j,tcgtxbdfnm gjl[jlzobvb pfvtybntkzvb^ rjnjhst gjcnfdkz.ncz^<br />
hfcghtltkz.ncz b ghtljcnfdkz.ncz lkz rjhvktybz<br />
d ,tpjgfcys[ eckjdbz[ d rfxtcndt xfcnb cnfylfhnyjuj gthtxyz<br />
ghjlernjd gbnfybz b ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd&<br />
24& Cjukfcyj jwtyrfv^ t;tujlyj jn DBX-byabwbhjdfyys[ ;tyoby<br />
hj;lftncz 1^6 vbkkbjyf ltntq^ ukfdysv j,hfpjv d cnhfyf[ c<br />
ybprbvb lj[jlfvb& F,cjk.nysq hbcr gthtlfxb DBX-byatrwbb<br />
gjchtlcndjv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d ntxtybt ,jktt jlyjuj<br />
ujlf^ d ukj,fkmys[ vfcinf,f[ cjcnfdkz.obq 10¢-20¢^<br />
ytj,[jlbvj cjhfpvthznm c edtkbxtybtv hbcrf pf,jktdftvjcnb<br />
b cvthnyjcnb d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf yt<br />
rjhvzn uhelm.& Dct DBX-byabwbhjdfyyst vfnthb ljk;ys<br />
gjkexfnm rjycekmnfwbb^ rjnjhst drk.xf.n ghtljcnfdktybt<br />
j,otq byajhvfwbb j njv^ rfrjt gbnfybt ytj,[jlbvj bv cfvbv^<br />
b j hbcrt b ghtbveotcndf[ hfpkbxys[ dbljd rjhvktybz^ f nfr;t<br />
rjyrhtnyjt herjdjlcndj gj ds,jhe dfhbfynf rjhvktybz^<br />
yfb,jktt gjl[jlzotuj lkz b[ cbnefwbb& Lkz ltntq DBXgjpbnbdys[<br />
vfnthtq^ rjnjhst htibkb yt rjhvbnm b[ uhelm.^<br />
ytj,[jlbvj fltrdfnyjt pfvtof.ott gbnfybt& "nj nht,etn<br />
gj[jlzotuj pfvtybntkz uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ yfghbvth ltncrjq<br />
gbnfntkmyjq cvtcb^ ghbujnjdktyyjq d cjjndtncndbb c ghbvtybvsvb<br />
cnfylfhnfvb Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec^ bkb gbnfntkmyjq<br />
cvtcb^ ghbujnjdktyyjq d ljvfiyb[ eckjdbz[^ c lj,fdrfvb<br />
12
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
gbnfntkmys[ vbrhj’ktvtynjd& D ytrjnjhs[ ckexfz[ dfhbfynjv<br />
vj;tn cke;bnm ghjitlitt nthvbxtcre. j,hf,jnre uhelyjt<br />
vjkjrj bkb uhelyjt vjkjrj DBX-ytufnbdyjq vfnthb& Xnj,s yt<br />
vtifnm ltzntkmyjcnb gj gjjohtyb. uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
lkz gjlfdkz.otuj ,jkmibycndf ltntq^ j,tcgtxtybt pfvtybntkzvb<br />
uhelyjuj vjkjrf lkz nfrb[ ltntq ljk;yj cjjndtncndjdfnm<br />
ghbywbgfv b wtkzv Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj<br />
c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf (cv& geyrn 19)& Lkz<br />
vfnthtq^ ghjdthrf rjnjhs[ yf DBX-byatrwb. gjrfpfkf jnhbwfntkmyst<br />
htpekmnfns bkb rjnjhst yt ghj[jlbkb ghjdthrb^<br />
bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt jcnftncz htrjvtyletvsv<br />
dfhbfynjv gbnfybz (cv& geyrn 10)&<br />
25& Ltnb^ ;bdeobt d jcj,s[ eckjdbz[^ nfr;t nht,e.n ljgjkybntkmyjuj<br />
dybvfybz^ yfghbvth cbhjns b ghbtvyst ltnb^ f nfr;t ltnb<br />
ytcjdthityyjktnyb[ vfnthtq^ ;tyoby^ bvt.ob[ cjvfnbxtcrbt<br />
yfheitybz bkb evcndtyyst ytljcnfnrb^ yfhrjnbxtcre.#fkrjujkmye.<br />
pfdbcbvjcnm^ bkb vfnthtq^ yf[jlzob[cz d pfrk.xtybb^<br />
kb,j jnyjczob[cz r j,tpljktyysv bkb bysv j,hfpjv vfhubyfkbpjdfyysv<br />
uheggfv yfctktybz&<br />
Ekexitybt ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz<br />
26& Vfnthb^ jnws b lheubt kbwf^ jceotcndkz.obt e[jl pf ltnmvb^<br />
ljk;ys bvtnm ljcneg r j,]trnbdyjq^ gjcktljdfntkmyjq b<br />
gjkyjq byajhvfwbb j yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrt rjhvktybz^<br />
cdj,jlyjq jn rjvvthxtcrjuj dkbzybz& D xfcnyjcnb^ jyb ljk;ys<br />
pyfnm dct j htrjvtyljdfyyjv gthbjlt bcrk.xbntkmyjuj b<br />
ghjljk;f.otujcz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz* chjrb dtltybz^<br />
dbl^ j,]tv b xfcnjnyjcnm ghbrjhvf* f nfr;t vtnjls<br />
,tpjgfcyjuj rjhvktybz ’nbvb ghjlernfvb gbnfybz&<br />
27& Vfnthb ljk;ys bvtnm ljcneg r rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rt<br />
lkz jrfpfybz bv gjvjob d yfxbyfybb b gjllth;fybb ghfrnbrb<br />
yflkt;fotuj rjhvktybz^ f nfr;t lkz ghtleght;ltybz nhelyjcntq<br />
b ghtjljktybz b[ d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf jyb dcnhtxf.ncz&<br />
Rdfkbabwbhjdfyyst hf,jnybrb plhfdjj[hfytybz bvt.n [jhjibt<br />
djpvj;yjcnb lkz jrfpfybz ’njq gjllth;rb^ rjnjhfz<br />
ljk;ys ,snm j,zpfntkmyjq xfcnm. yt njkmrj yf,k.ltybz pf<br />
,thtvtyysvb^ hjljd b e[jlf d gjcnyfnfkmyjv gthbjlt^ yj nfr;t<br />
eckeu^ ghtljcnfdkztvs[ pljhjdsv b ,jkmysv ltnzv& D ’njv<br />
jnyjitybb nfr;t df;ye. hjkm buhf.n ctnb yf ehjdyt j,oby^<br />
ghtlkfuf.obt jhufybpfwb. uhegg dpfbvyjq gjllth;rb vfnthtq<br />
b gjlujnjdktyys[ rjycekmnfynjd gj djghjcfv uhelyjuj<br />
13
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz^ hf,jnf.ob[ d cbcntvt vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq<br />
gjvjob bkb d ntcyjv cjnhelybxtcndt c ytq& D njv^ xnj rfcftncz<br />
jnwjd^ nj yfexyst bccktljdfybz gjrfpsdf.n^ xnj uhelyjt<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybt ekexiftncz d htpekmnfnt gjllth;rb b<br />
lhe;tcrjuj jnyjitybz^ rjnjhjt jyb ghjzdkz.n d rfxtcndt<br />
rjhvbkmwtd ctvtq b kbw^ jceotcndkz.ob[ e[jl pf ltnmvb&<br />
28& Vfnthb ljk;ys nfr;t bvtnm djpvj;yjcnb lkz ghjljk;tybz<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b e[jlf pf cdjbvb ltnmvb gjckt njuj^ rfr<br />
jyb djpdhfnzncz r jgkfxbdftvjq hf,jnt& "njuj vj;yj ljcnbxm<br />
gjchtlcndjv ghbvtytybz pfrjyjlfntkmcndf b cjjndtncnde.ob[<br />
vth d j,kfcnb j[hfys vfnthbycndf d cjjndtncndbb c Rjydtywbtq<br />
VJN j, j[hfyt vfnthbycndf^ 2000 u&^ No& 183 b Htrjvtylfwbtq<br />
VJN j, j[hfyt vfnthbycndf^ 2000 u&^ No& 191& Dctv ;tyobyfv^<br />
hf,jnf.obv dyt ljvf^ ljk;ys ghtljcnfdkznmcz jngecrf gj<br />
,thtvtyyjcnb b hjlfv^ djpvj;yjcnb gjvtcnbnm ht,tyrf d zckb b<br />
jgkfxbdftvst gththsds lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz&<br />
29& Ytghthsdyst rkbybxtcrbt bccktljdfybz b bpextybt yfhjljyfctktybz^<br />
f nfr;t bpextybt ghj,ktv gjdtltybz zdkz.ncz jcyjdjgjkfuf.obvb<br />
cjcnfdysvb xfcnzvb d ltkt ekexitybz ghfrnbrb<br />
rjhvktybz& R htif.obv j,kfcnzv jnyjczncz% pfdthitybt b<br />
ghbvtytybt yjds[ vt;leyfhjlys[ cghfdjxys[ lfyys[ d jnyjitybb<br />
hjcnf^ ghjabkfrnbrf b ,jhm,f c ytljcnfnjxyjcnm. gbnfntkmys[<br />
vbrhj’ktvtynjd^ ghfuvfnbxtcrbt gjl[jls b vthjghbznbz<br />
yf jcyjdt j,obys d wtkz[ ekexitybz uhelyjuj rjhvktybz b<br />
ghfrnbrb ljgjkybntkmyjuj gbnfybz^ ekexitybt gbnfybz vfnthtq b<br />
bc[jlf ,thtvtyyjcnb^ f nfr;t vthjghbznbz gj ghtleght;ltyb.<br />
gthtlfxb DBX jn vfnthb ht,tyre d ghjwtcct rjhvktybz&<br />
Ljcnb;tybt wtktq cnhfntubb<br />
30& Gthdsq ifu r ljcnb;tyb. wtktq yfcnjzotq cnhfntubb pfrk.-<br />
xftncz d gjlndth;ltybb frnefkmyjcnb bkb crjhtt bcrk.xbntkmyjq<br />
df;yjcnb jgthfnbdys[ wtktq Byyjxtynbqcrjq ltrkfhfwbb<br />
j, j[hfyt^ gjjohtybb b gjllth;rt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz 1 %<br />
1<br />
Yf cjdtofybb dj Akjhtywbb^ Bnfkbz^ d b.kt 1990 u& ghtlcnfdbntkb ghfdbntkmcnd^<br />
jghtltkz.obt gjkbnbre^ bp ,jktt xtv 30 cnhfy ghbyzkb Byyjxtynbqcre.<br />
ltrkfhfwb. j, j[hfyt^ gjjohtybb b gjllth;rt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz& Cjhjr<br />
xtndthnfz ctccbz Dctvbhyjq fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz d 1991 u& ghbdtncndjdfkf<br />
’ne Ltrkfhfwb. sd rfxtcndt jcyjds lkz vt;leyfhjlyjq gjkbnbrb b ltqcndbq d<br />
j,kfcnb plhfdjj[hfytybz’ b ghtlkj;bkf Utythfkmyjve lbhtrnjhe ghjdtcnb<br />
vjybnjhbyu ljcnb;tybz tt wtktq (htpjk.wbz WHA44&33)&<br />
14
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. yfpyfxtybt yfwbjyfkmyjuj rjjhlbyfnjhf gj djghjcfv uhelyjuj<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz c cjjndtncnde.obvb gjkyjvjxbzvb b<br />
exht;ltybt vyjujctrnjhfkmyjuj yfwbjyfkmyjuj rjvbntnf gj<br />
djghjce uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d cjcnfdt ghtlcnfdbntktq bp<br />
cjjndtncnde.ob[ ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ ltgfhnfvtynjd^ ytghfdbntkmcndtyys[<br />
jhufybpfwbq b fccjwbfwbq cgtwbfkbcnjd<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s rf;ljt exht;ltybt^ ghtljcnfdkz.ott<br />
eckeub d j,kfcnb j[hfys vfnthbycndf^ gjkyjcnm.<br />
dsgjkyzkj dct ‘Ltcznm ghbywbgjd ecgtiyjuj uhelyjuj<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz\^ bpkj;tyys[ d pfzdktybb DJP#>YBCTA<br />
gj uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb. b cke;,fv hjljdcgjvj;tybz 1 *<br />
. cjltqcndbt jceotcndktyb. ghbywbgjd b wtktq Vt;leyfhjlyjuj<br />
cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf<br />
b gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbq Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj<br />
’njve djghjce d b[ gjkyjv j,]tvt*<br />
. ghbyznbt pfrjyjlfntkmcndf gj j[hfyt ghfd hf,jnf.ob[<br />
;tyoby b j,tcgtxtybt chtlcnd tuj jceotcndktybz&<br />
31& Vyjubt ghfdbntkmcndf ghtlghbyzkb df;yst ifub gj htfkbpfwbb<br />
’nb[ wtktq^ b d htpekmnfnt ,skj ljcnbuyenj vyjujt^ bvtyyj<br />
,kfujlfhz Bybwbfnbdt gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^<br />
,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ f nfr;t pfrjyjlfntkmcnde<br />
b lheubv vthfv^ rjnjhst ,skb ghbyzns d jnyjitybb<br />
c,snf pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf& Jlyfrj ljcnb;tybz yt<br />
dtplt ,skb jlbyfrjdsvb^ b ceotcnde.n ghbpyfrb jckf,ktybz<br />
j,zpfntkmcnd^ yfghbvth gthtl kbwjv gfyltvbb DBX#CGBLf^ f<br />
nfr;t d jnyjitybb xbckf b cthmtpyjcnb ckj;ys[ xhtpdsxfqys[<br />
gjkj;tybq^ jrfpsdf.ob[ dhtlyjt djpltqcndbt yf ltntq uhelyjuj<br />
b hfyytuj djphfcnf& Rhjvt njuj^ Byyjxtynbqcrfz ltrkfhfwbz<br />
rjywtynhbhetncz bcrk.xbntkmyj yf uhelyjv dcrfhvkbdfybb&<br />
Gj’njve nht,e.ncz ljgjkybntkmyst wtkb lkz jnhf;tybz rjvgktrcyjuj<br />
gjl[jlf r eljdktndjhtyb. gjnht,yjcntq d e[jlt b<br />
rjhvktybb d ntxtybt gthds[ nht[ ktn ;bpyb gjchtlcndjv<br />
ghtlghbyznbz ibhjrjuj hzlf dpfbvjcdzpfyys[ ltqcndbq&<br />
32& D cdtnt yfrjgktyys[ yfexys[ lfyys[ b jgsnf d j,kfcnb<br />
gjkbnbrb b ghjuhfvv yfcnegbkj dhtvz^ lkz njuj xnj,s<br />
ghfdbntkmcndf ghb gjllth;rt vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq b<br />
lheub[ pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy%<br />
1<br />
J[hfyf^ gjjohtybt b gjllth;rf uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz% jcj,fz hjkm hjljdcgjvjufntkmys[<br />
cke;,& Cjdvtcnyfz ltrkfhfwbz DJP#>YBCTA^ :tytdf^ DJP^ 1989 u&<br />
15
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. gthtcvjnhtkb djghjc j njv^ rfr yfbkexibv j,hfpjv<br />
j,tcgtxbnm yflkt;fott rjhvktybt ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf b djpj,yjdbnm cdjt rjkktrnbdyjt j,zpfntkmcndj<br />
htibnm ’ne ghj,ktve*<br />
. exhtlbnm ’aatrnbdyst dctj,]tvk.obt jhufys lkz herjdjlcndf<br />
jceotcndktybtv yfcnjzotq cnhfntubb d rfxtcndt crjjhlbybhjdfyys[<br />
vyjujctrnjhfkmys[ yfwbjyfkmys[ ltqcndbq dct[<br />
pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy d jndtn yf vyjujxbcktyyst ghj,-<br />
ktvs rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf 1 *<br />
. cjplfnm cbcntve htuekzhyjuj vjybnjhbyuf ghfrnbrb gbnfybz^<br />
jwtyrb ntyltywbq^ bcgjkmpez lfyyst^ hfperhegytyyst gj<br />
gjkjdjve ghbpyfre^ b djpltqcndbz jceotcndkztvs[ vthjghbznbq&<br />
33& C extnjv ’nb[ cjj,hf;tybq ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz ghtlecvfnhbdftn<br />
d rfxtcndt ghbjhbntnf lkz dct[ ghfdbntkmcnd ljcnb;tybt<br />
cktle.ob[ ljgjkybntkmys[ jgthfnbdys[ wtktq 2 %<br />
. hfphf,jnfnm^ jceotcndkznm^ ghjdjlbnm vjybnjhbyu b jwtyre<br />
rjvgktrcyjq gjkbnbrb d j,kfcnb gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b<br />
hfyytuj djphfcnf d rjyntrcnt yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb b<br />
ghjuhfvv gj gbnfyb.^ j[hfyt pljhjdmz ht,tyrf b htghjlernbdyjve<br />
pljhjdm.^ f nfr;t cjrhfotyb. ,tlyjcnb*<br />
. ghtlghbyznm vths lkz j,tcgtxtybz njuj^ xnj,s ctrnjh<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz b lheubt cjjndtncnde.obt ctrnjhs j[hfyzkb^<br />
gjjohzkb b gjllth;bdfkb bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjt<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybt d ntxtybt itcnb vtczwtd b lfkmytqitt uhelyjt<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybt lj djphfcnf lde[ bkb ,jktt ktn ghb jlyjdhtvtyyjv<br />
ghtljcnfdktybb ;tyobyfv ljcnegf r njq gjllth;rt^<br />
rjnjhfz bv nht,etncz^ --- d ctvmt^ j,obyt b yf hf,jxb[ vtcnf[<br />
--- lkz ljcnb;tybz ’njq wtkb*<br />
. cjltqcndjdfnm cdjtdhtvtyyjve^ fltrdfnyjve^ ,tpjgfcyjve b<br />
yflkt;fotve ghbrjhve ghb ghjljk;tybb uhelyjuj<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz*<br />
1<br />
2<br />
D cjjndtncndbb c ’njq wtkm. Byyjxtynbqcrjq ltrkfhfwbb ,jktt 100 cnhfy e;t<br />
yfpyfxbkb yfwbjyfkmyjuj rjjhlbyfnjhf gj djghjcfv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b<br />
exhtlbkb vyjujctrnjhfkmysq yfwbjyfkmysq rjvbntn& "nb vths^ djpvj;yj^<br />
gjpdjkzn cajhvbhjdfnm jcyjde lkz cjplfybz yjdjuj jhufyf^ ghbpsd r rjnjhjve<br />
pltcm cjlth;bncz&<br />
Ghfdbntkmcndfv cktletn ecnfyfdkbdfnm htfkbcnbxyst chjrb ljcnb;tybz dct[<br />
wtktq ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb b jghtltkznm gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb^<br />
xnj,s ljcnbxm ghjuhtccf d ’njv jnyjitybb&<br />
16
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. j,tcgtxbnm jhbtynbhs d jnyjitybb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj<br />
b hfyytuj djphfcnf d xhtpdsxfqyj nhelys[<br />
j,cnjzntkmcndf[ b cdzpfyyjq c ybv gjllth;rb^ rjnjhfz<br />
nht,etncz vfnthzv^ ctvmzv b lheubv kbwfv^ jceotcndkz.obv<br />
e[jl pf ltnmvb*<br />
. hfccvjnhtnm djghjc j njv^ rfrbt vjuen gjnht,jdfnmcz yjdst<br />
pfrjyjlfntkmyst bkb lheubt gjl[jlzobt vths d rfxtcndt<br />
xfcnb rjvgktrcyjq gjkbnbrb d j,kfcnb gbnfybz ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf lkz djgkjotybz ghbywbgjd b<br />
ljcnb;tybz wtkb Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk c,snf<br />
pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbq<br />
Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj ’njve djghjce&<br />
Gthdjjxthtlyst ltqcndbz<br />
34& Rjvgktrcyfz yfwbjyfkmyfz gjkbnbrf^ jcyjdfyyfz yf ofntkmyjq<br />
jwtyrt gjnht,yjcntq^ ljk;yf cgjcj,cndjdfnm cjplfyb.<br />
j,cnfyjdrb^ rjnjhfz j[hfyztn^ gjjohztn b gjllth;bdftn<br />
cjjndtncnde.oe. ghfrnbre rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf& "aatrnbdyfz gjkbnbrf d j,kfcnb rjhvktybz^<br />
cjukfce.ofzcz c ecbkbzvb gj erhtgktyb. j,otq ,tpjgfcyjcnb<br />
gbotds[ ghjlernjd d ljvfiytv [jpzqcndt^ nht,etn jceotcndktybz<br />
cktle.ob[ xhtpdsxfqyj df;ys[ vthjghbznbq%<br />
D wtkz[ j[hfys<br />
. ghbyznbt b vjybnjhbyu jceotcndktybz gjkbnbrb d jnyjitybb<br />
j,tcgtxtybz j[hfys vfnthbycndf^ cjjndtncnde.otq<br />
Rjydtywbb b Htrjvtylfwbb VJN gj j[hfyt vfnthbycndf^ c<br />
ntv xnj,s j,ktuxbnm uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt lkz ;tyoby yf<br />
jgkfxbdftvjq hf,jnt^ drk.xfz ;tyoby^ rjnjhst^ d cjjndtncndbb<br />
c cjwbfkmysvb yjhvfvb^ hfccvfnhbdf.ncz rfr<br />
pfyznst ytnbgbxysvb ajhvfvb pfdbcbvjuj nhelf^ yfghbvth<br />
ghb ytgjkyjv hf,jxtv lyt^ hf,jnt ljvf b dhtvtyyjq<br />
hf,jnt*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s j,hf,jnfyyst ghjlerns ghbrjhvf<br />
gjcnfdkzkbcm lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz d cjjndtncnde.otv djphfcnt<br />
b xnj,s jyb ,skb ,tpjgfcysvb^ ghbtvktvsvb d<br />
rekmnehyjv jnyjitybb^ ljcnegysvb gj cnjbvjcnb^ f nfr;t<br />
fltrdfnysvb d gbnfntkmyjv jnyjitybb cjukfcyj<br />
cjjndtncnde.obv cnfylfhnfv Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec*<br />
. jceotcndktybt b vjybnjhbyu e;t ghtlghbybvftvs[ vth gj<br />
dsgjkytyb. Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvt-<br />
17
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
ybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbq Fccfv,ktb<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz gj ’njve djghjce^ f d ckexft<br />
ytj,[jlbvjcnb b[ erhtgktybt^ b ghbyznbt yjds[ vth*<br />
D wtkz[ gjjohtybz<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s dct jndtncndtyyst pf gjllth;fybt<br />
cdzpb c ibhjrbvb ckjzvb yfctktybz^ drk.xfz ext,yst<br />
pfdtltybz b chtlcndf vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb^ ghtljcnfdkzkb<br />
njxye. b gjkye. byajhvfwb. j yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrt<br />
rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ exbnsdfz<br />
yfb,jktt ghtj,kflf.obt cjwbfkmyst^ rekmnehyst b ’rjkjubxtcrbt<br />
eckjdbz*<br />
D wtkz[ gjllth;rb xthtp cbcntvs vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt rdfkbabwbhjdfyys[ rjycekmnfwbq b gjvjob d<br />
jnyjitybb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^<br />
yfghbvth ghb gkfyjds[ vtljcvjnhf[^ [jlt bvveybpfwbb^ d<br />
cnfwbjyfhys[ b fv,ekfnjhys[ vtlbrjcfybnfhys[ cke;,f[<br />
lkz ltntq^ cke;,f[ gj djghjcfv gbnfybz^ htghjlernbdyjuj<br />
pljhjdmz b d freithcrb[ cke;,f[*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s d cnfwbjyfhf[ dct ghjwtlehs jcnfdfkbcm<br />
bcrk.xbntkmyj ,kfujghbznysvb lkz ecgtiyjuj yfxfkf b<br />
ghjljk;tybz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz gjchtlcndjv jceotcndktybz<br />
Bybwbfnbds gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^<br />
,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ vjybnjhbyuf b<br />
gthtjwtyrb hf,jns ,jkmybw^ rjnjhst cjplfkb nfrbt eckjdbz^ f<br />
nfr;t hfcghjcnhfytybt Bybwbfnbds yf lheubt rkbybrb^ vtlbrjcfybnfhyst<br />
wtynhs b gtlbfnhbxtcrbt ,jkmybws*<br />
. hfcibhtybt ljcnegf r ljhjljdjq gjvjob b ghjcdtotyb. gj<br />
djghjcfv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ ghfrnbrt hjljdcgjvj;tybz^<br />
rjnjhfz cgjcj,cndetn uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.^ f<br />
nfr;t r gjckthjljdjq gjvjob^ rjnjhfz gjvjuftn j,tcgtxbnm<br />
ghjljk;tybt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz*<br />
. cjltqcndbt ghfdbkmyjve gbnfyb. ,thtvtyys[ b rjhvzob[<br />
;tyoby*<br />
. vjybnjhbyu hjcnf b hfpdbnbz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf d rfxtcndt gkfyjdjq vths rjynhjkz pf gbnfybtv c<br />
jghtltktybtv jcj,juj dybvfybz ,jkmysv b hjlbdibvcz c<br />
ybprjq vfccjq ntkf ltnzv^ f nfr;t ltnzv DBX-gjpbnbdys[<br />
vfnthtq^ j,tcgtxbdfz^ xnj,s vfnthb b ctvmb gjkexfkb<br />
yflkt;fobt rjycekmnfwbb*<br />
18
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. ghtljcnfdktybt jhbtynbhjdjr gj cjjndtncnde.otve ghbrjhve<br />
c frwtynjv yf bcgjkmpjdfybt gjl[jlzob[ vtcnys[<br />
ghjlernjd gbnfybz^ ,tpjgfcyjt ghbujnjdktybt nfrb[ ghjlernjd<br />
b ghfdbkmyjt rjhvktybt*<br />
. cjltqcndbt fltrdfnyjve hfwbjye jcyjdys[ gbnfntkmys[<br />
dtotcnd ,kfujlfhz ljcnege r gjl[jlzobv vtcnysv ghjlernfv^<br />
drk.xfz^ d ckexft ytj,[jlbvjcnb^ j,jufotyyst ghjlerns^<br />
f nfr;t lj,fdrb vbrhj’ktvtynjd*<br />
. ghtljcnfdktybt vfnthzv djpvj;yjcnb jcnfdfnmcz cj cdjbvb<br />
ujcgbnfkbpbhjdfyysvb ltnmvb^ c ntv xnj,s j,tcgtxbnm<br />
ghjljk;tybt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b yflkt;fotuj ghbrjhvf^<br />
f d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf ’nj djpvj;yj^ jcnfdkznm<br />
uhelys[ ltntq c ujcgbnfkbpbhjdfyysvb vfnthzvb*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt ’aatrnbdyjuj nthfgtdnbxtcrjuj rjhvktybz<br />
,jkmys[ b ytljegbnfyys[ ltntq^ drk.xfz ghtljcnfdktybt<br />
rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rb lkz ghjljk;tybz uhelyjuj<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz^ rjulf ’nj nht,etncz*<br />
. gjlujnjdrf hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ jrfpsdf.ob[<br />
gjvjom vfnthzv^ ltnzv b b[ ctvmzv d jnyjitybb%<br />
7 yfdsrjd rjycekmnbhjdfybz b gjvjob gj nfrbv djghjcfv^<br />
rfr uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt^ ghbrjhv^ DBX b rjhvktybt<br />
uhelys[ ltntq b^ d ytj,[jlbvs[ ckexfz[^ dcrfhvkbdfybt<br />
pfvtybntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf^<br />
7 dcrfhvkbdfybt dj dhtvz ,jktpyb^<br />
7 jndtncndtyyjcnb hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^ djpkfuftvjq<br />
yf yb[ Vt;leyfhjlysv cdjljv ghfdbk c,snf pfvtybntktq<br />
uhelyjuj vjkjrf*<br />
. gthtcvjnh b htajhvbhjdfybt ext,ys[ ghjuhfvv gthdjyfxfkmyjq<br />
gjlujnjdrb lkz dct[ hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz^<br />
cgtwbfkbcnjd gj gbnfyb. b cvt;ysv j,kfcnzv^ c ntv xnj,s<br />
j,tcgtxbdfnm yflkt;foe. byajhvfwb. b cjdtns gj rjhvktyb.<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf lkz ctvtq b nt[^ rnj<br />
cdzpfy c gbnfybtv ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
D wtkz[ gjllth;rb d j,obyt<br />
. cjltqcndbt cjplfyb. ctntq gjllth;rb yf ,fpt j,obys^ c ntv<br />
xnj,s gjvjufnm j,tcgtxbdfnm yflkt;fott dcrfhvkbdfybt<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ yfghbvth uheggs vfnthtq<br />
bkb ytajhvfkmys[ rjycekmnfynjd^ r rjnjhsv cnfwbjyfhs b<br />
19
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
lheubt vtlbwbycrbt exht;ltybz vjuen htrjvtyljdfnm vfnthzv<br />
j,hfofnmcz gjckt dsgbcrb*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s ctnb gjllth;rb yf ,fpt j,obys yt<br />
njkmrj ,kfuj;tkfntkmyj djcghbybvfkbcm cbcntvfvb vtlbrjcfybnfhyjq<br />
gjvjob^ yj b frnbdyj exfcndjdfkb d gkfybhjdfybb<br />
b jrfpfybb eckeu*<br />
D wtkz[ gjllth;rb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf d jcj,j nhelys[ j,cnjzntkmcndf[<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz njxyjq b cfvjq<br />
gjcktlytq byajhvfwbtq j gjkbnbrt b ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
uhelys[ ltntq^ c ntv xnj,s jyb j,kflfkb rjyrhtnysvb<br />
pyfybzvb b yfdsrfvb^ nht,e.obvbcz lkz jrfpfybz gjllth;rb<br />
djcgbnfntkzv b ltnzv gj dctv fcgtrnfv rjhvktybz<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b vkflituj djphfcnf d bcrk.xbntkmyj<br />
nhelys[ j,cnjzntkmcndf[*<br />
. cjplfybt eckjdbq^ rjnjhst cgjcj,cnde.n bcrk.xbntkmyj<br />
uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.^ yfghbvth^ j,tcgtxbdfz e[jl pf<br />
vfnthzvb^ ljgjkybntkmyjt gbnfybt b gbnmtde. djle lkz<br />
,thtvtyys[ b rjhvzob[ ;tyoby^ f nfr;t gthcjyfk^ rjnjhsq<br />
j,kflftn yfdsrfvb rjycekmnbhjdfybz gj uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt gjl[jlzotuj^ ;tkfntkmyj ljcnegyjuj yf vtcnf[<br />
ghbrjhvf d cjjndtncndbb c djphfcnjv b gjnht,yjcnzvb d<br />
gbnfybb ,jktt cnfhib[ uhelys[ ltntq b ltntq hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf*<br />
. frnbdyjt dszdktybt ytljegbnfyys[ ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf^ c ntv xnj,s jghtltkbnm b[ cjcnjzybt b ghbyznm<br />
rjhhtrnbdyst vths^ j,tcgtxbnm bv cjjndtncnde.ott gbnfybt<br />
b jrfpfnm gjllth;re kbwfv^ jndtncndtyysv pf b[ cjlth;fybt*<br />
. ghtljcnfdktybt jhbtynbhjd lkz dszdktybz ltntq^ rjnjhs[<br />
ytj,[jlbvj rjhvbnm pfvtybntkzvb uhelyjuj vjkjrf^<br />
j,tcgtxbdfz gjl[jlzobq pfvtybntkm b ,tpjgfcyjt rjhvktybt<br />
d ntxtybt nfrjuj gthbjlf^ rjnjhsq ytj,[jlbv lkz nfrb[<br />
ltntq^ yt ljgecrfz gthtdjlf yf bcreccndtyyjt gbnfybt ltntq^<br />
rjnjhst d ’njv yt ye;lf.ncz*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s hf,jnybrb plhfdjj[hfytybz^ bvt.obt<br />
pyfybz b jgsn gj dctv fcgtrnfv uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
b pfvtof.otuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ ,skb ljcnegys lkz<br />
rjycekmnbhjdfybz DBX-gjkj;bntkmys[ ;tyoby*<br />
20
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. flfgnbhjdfybt Bybwbfnbds gj cjplfyb. d ,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^<br />
,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz^ c extnjv<br />
DBX#CGBLf^ gentv j,tcgtxtybz njuj^ xnj,s kbwf^ jndtncndtyyst<br />
pf ujnjdyjcnm r xhtpdsxfqysv cbnefwbzv^ bvtkb<br />
[jhjie. gjlujnjdre^ gjpdjkz.oe. bv jrfpsdfnm gjllth;re<br />
cjjndtncnde.otq ghfrnbrt rjhvktybz^ cjukfce.otqcz<br />
c eybdthcfkmysvb ghbywbgfvb Bybwbfnbds*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt dszdktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^<br />
jrfpfdib[cz d bcrk.xbntkmyj nhelys[ j,cnjzntkmcndf[^ c<br />
ntv xnj,s b[ vj;yj ,skj jgnbvfkmyj rjhvbnm b jrfpsdfnm<br />
gjllth;re kbwfv^ jndtxf.obv pf b[ cjlth;fybt*<br />
J,zpfyyjcnb b jndtncndtyyjcnm<br />
35& Ghfdbntkmcndf^ vt;leyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb b lheubt pfbynthtcjdfyyst<br />
cnjhjys d hfdyjq vtht ytcen jndtncndtyyjcnm pf<br />
j,tcgtxtybt jceotcndktybz ghfdf ltntq yf ljcnb;tybt djpvj;yj<br />
dscituj ehjdyz pljhjdmz b ghfdf ;tyoby yf gjkye. b<br />
j,]trnbdye. byajhvfwb.^ f nfr;t yf vtlbrj-cfybnfhye.<br />
gjvjom b gbnfybt& Rf;lsq gfhnyth ljk;ty ghbpyfnm b dsgjkyznm<br />
djpkj;tyye. yf ytuj jndtncndtyyjcnm pf ekexitybt rjhvktybz<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf b pf vj,bkbpfwb. nht,etvs[<br />
htcehcjd& Dct gfhnyths ljk;ys cjnhelybxfnm d wtkz[ gjkyjuj<br />
ljcnb;tybz wtkb b pflfx cnhfntubb^ drk.xfz j,hfpjdfybt gjkyjcnm.<br />
ghjphfxys[ yjds[ cj.pjd b gfhnythcnd^ d cjjndtncndbb c<br />
ghbyznsvb ghbywbgfvb bcrk.xtybz rjkkbpbb bynthtcjd&<br />
Ghfdbntkmcndf<br />
36& Ghfdbntkmcndf^ d gthde. jxthtlm^ ytcen jndtncndtyyjcnm pf<br />
dshf,jnre^ jceotcndktybt^ rjynhjkm b jwtyre rjvgktrcyjq<br />
yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf& D ljgjkytybt r gjkbnbxtcrjq ghbdth;tyyjcnb yf<br />
cfvjv dscjrjv ehjdyt ecgt[ gjkbnbrb pfdbcbn jn ’aatrnbdyjq<br />
yfwbjyfkmyjq rjjhlbyfwbb lkz j,tcgtxtybz gjkyjuj cjnhelybxtcndf<br />
dct[ cjjndtncnde.ob[ ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ exht;ltybq^<br />
vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq b lheub[<br />
pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy& "nj gjlhfpevtdftn gjcnjzyysq c,jh<br />
b jwtyre frnefkmyjq byajhvfwbb j gjkbnbrt b ghfrnbrt<br />
rjhvktybz& Htubjyfkmyst b vtcnyst ghfdbntkmcndf nfr;t<br />
dsgjkyz.n df;ye. hjkm d jceotcndktybb ’njq cnhfntubb&<br />
37& Nfrfz dctj,]tvk.ofz gjkbnbrf ljk;yf cjghjdj;lfnmcz gjlhj,ysv<br />
gkfyjv ltqcndbq^ drk.xf.obv ecnfyjdktyyst wtkb b<br />
21
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
pflfxb^ chjrb b[ ljcnb;tybz^ hfcghtltktybt jndtncndtyyjcnb pf<br />
jceotcndktybt gkfyf b gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb lkz<br />
vjybnjhbyuf b jwtyrb& D ’nb[ wtkz[ ghfdbntkmcndfv cktletn<br />
cnhtvbnmcz d yflkt;fob[ ckexfz[ r cjnhelybxtcnde c cjjndtncnde.obvb<br />
vt;leyfhjlysvb jhufybpfwbzvb b lheubvb exht;ltybzvb^<br />
drk.xfz ukj,fkmyst b htubjyfkmyst rhtlbnyst<br />
exht;ltybz& Gkfy ljk;ty ,snm cjdvtcnbvsv c lheubvb<br />
vthjghbznbzvb^ wtkm rjnjhs[ --- cjltqcndjdfnm jgnbvfkmyjve<br />
gbnfyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b vkflituj djphfcnf b ,snm b[<br />
ytjn]tvktvjq xfcnm.&<br />
38& Gjnht,etncz jghtltkbnm b dsltkbnm fltrdfnyst k.lcrbt^<br />
abyfycjdst b jhufybpfwbjyyst htcehcs lkz j,tcgtxtybz cdjtdhtvtyyjuj<br />
b ecgtiyjuj dsgjkytybz gkfyf& D ’njq cdzpb<br />
jcj,tyyj df;ys rjycnhernbdysq lbfkju b frnbdyjt cjnhelybxtcndj<br />
c cjjndtncnde.obvb uheggfvb^ pfybvf.obvbcz<br />
j[hfyjq^ gjjohtybtv b gjllth;rjq yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrb<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz& Df;ysv rjvgjytynjv nfr;t zdkztncz gjllth;rf<br />
’gbltvbjkjubxtcrb[ b jgthfnbdys[ bccktljdfybq&<br />
Lheubt pfbynthtcjdfyyst cnjhjys<br />
39& Jghtltktybt rjyrhtnyjq jndtncndtyyjcnb d hfvrf[ j,otcndf ---<br />
df;ytqib[ dpfbvjljgjkyz.ob[ b dpfbvjecbkbdf.ob[ hjktq<br />
d wtkz[ j[hfys^ gjjohtybz b gjllth;rb yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrb<br />
rjhvktybz --- ghtlcnfdkztn cj,jq ytxnj yjdjt& Uheggs^ rjnjhst<br />
dsgjkyz.n df;ye. hjkm d ,jhm,t pf ghfdf ;tyoby b ltntq b d<br />
cjplfybb lkz yb[ ,kfujghbzncnde.otq j,cnfyjdrb^ vjuen<br />
hf,jnfnm gjjlbyjxrt^ dvtcnt b d cjnhelybxtcndt c ghfdbntkmcndfvb<br />
b vt;leyfhjlysvb jhufybpfwbzvb d wtkz[ ekexitybz<br />
gjkj;tybz gentv jrfpfybz gjvjob d ecnhfytybb rfr rekmnehys[^<br />
nfr b ghfrnbxtcrb[ ghtgzncndbq^ vtif.ob[ yflkt-<br />
;fotq ghfrnbrt rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf&<br />
Vtlbrj-cfybnfhyst exht;ltybz b jhufybpfwbb<br />
40& Vtlbrj-cfybnfhyst exht;ltybz b jhufybpfwbb^ drk.xf.obt<br />
vtlbwbycrbt afrekmntns^ irjks j,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfytybz^<br />
ujcelfhcndtyyst b xfcnyst exht;ltybz^ j,tcgtxbdf.obt<br />
gjlujnjdre hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz (drk.xfz freithjr^<br />
vtlctcnth^ yenhbwbjybcnjd b lbtnjkjujd)^ f nfr;t ghjatccbjyfkmyst<br />
jhufybpfwbb ljk;ys ,snm jndtncndtyys gthtl ntvb^<br />
rnj ghj[jlbn gjlujnjdre bkb exfcndetn d ’nb[ cnhernehf[^ pf<br />
cktle.obt jcyjdyst j,kfcnb%<br />
22
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s gthdjyfxfkmyjt j,hfpjdfybt b<br />
gjlujnjdrf dct[ hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz drk.xfkb<br />
abpbjkjub. kfrnfwbb^ bcrk.xbntkmyjt b ghjljk;f.ottcz<br />
uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt^ ghbrjhv^ rjhvktybt d ckj;ys[<br />
j,cnjzntkmcndf[^ eljdktndjhtybt gjnht,yjcntq d gbnfybb<br />
uhelys[ ltntq^ rjnjhs[ ghb[jlbncz dcrfhvkbdfnm pfvtybntkzvb<br />
uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ Vt;leyfhjlysq cdjl ghfdbk gj<br />
c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ pfrjyjlfntkmyst b<br />
lheubt vths^ ghbybvftvst lkz tuj jceotcndktybz^ f nfr;t<br />
gjcktlybt htpjk.wbb Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj lfyyjve<br />
djghjce*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rb d wtkz[ bcrk.-<br />
xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b lfkmytqituj uhelyjuj<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz ghb cjjndtncnde.otv ghbrjhvt dj dct[<br />
cke;,f[^ cdzpfyys[ c ljhjljdsv e[jljv^ hjljdcgjvj;tybtv^<br />
gtlbfnhbtq b htghjlernbdysv pljhjdmtv^ gbnfybtv<br />
b j[hfyjq pljhjdmz d j,obyf[*<br />
. cjltqcndbt ljcnb;tyb. b gjllth;fyb. cnfnecf<br />
‘,kfujghbzncnde.ob[ uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.\ hjlbkmys[<br />
ljvjd^ hjlbkmys[ jnltktybq b rkbybr d cjjndtncndbb<br />
c 10 ghbywbgfvb ecgtiyjuj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz 1 b<br />
ghbywbgjv jnrfpf jn ,tcgkfnys[ bkb kmujnys[ gjcnfdjr<br />
pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ hj;rjd b cjcjr*<br />
. gjkyjt cj,k.ltybt j,zpfyyjcntq^ dsntrf.ob[ bp<br />
Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj<br />
vjkjrf b cjjndtncnde.ob[ htpjk.wbq Dctvbhyjq<br />
fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz b yfwbjyfkmys[ vth^ ghbyzns[<br />
lkz jceotcndktybz Cdjlf b egjvzyens[ htpjk.wbq*<br />
. gjjohtybt^ cjplfybt b ghbpyfybt uhegg gjllth;rb d j,obyf[<br />
b yfghfdktybt vfnthtq d ’nb uheggs&<br />
Ytghfdbntkmcndtyyst jhufybpfwbb^ drk.xfz uheggs gjllth;rb<br />
yf ,fpt j,obys<br />
41& Wtkb b pflfxb ibhjrjuj rheuf ytghfdbntkmcndtyys[ jhufybpfwbq^<br />
hf,jnf.ob[ yf vtcnyjv^ yfwbjyfkmyjv b<br />
vt;leyfhjlyjv ehjdyz[^ drk.xf.n ghjgfufyle<br />
cjjndtncnde.ob[ gjnht,yjcntq d ghjljdjkmcndbb b gbnfybb<br />
1<br />
J[hfyf^ gjjohtybt b gjllth;rf uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz% jcj,fz hjkm hjljdcgjvjufntkmys[<br />
cke;,& Cjdvtcnyjt pfzdktybt DJP#>YBCTA^ :tytdf^ DJP^ 1989 u&<br />
23
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
ltntq vkflituj djphfcnf b ctvtq& Yfghbvth^<br />
,kfujndjhbntkmyst b htkbubjpyst jhufybpfwbb^ fccjwbfwbb<br />
gjnht,bntktq^ uheggs cfvjgjvjob vfnthtq^ ctvtqyst rke,s b<br />
rjjgthfnbds gj e[jle pf ltnmvb hfcgjkfuf.n ,jkmibvb<br />
djpvj;yjcnzvb lkz cjltqcndbz jceotcndktyb. lfyyjq cnhfntubb&<br />
Yfghbvth^ gjchtlcndjv%<br />
. j,tcgtxtybz cdjb[ xktyjd njxyjq yjdtqitq byajhvfwbtq j<br />
rjhvktybb ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
. drk.xtybz rdfkbabwbhjdfyyjq gjllth;rb rjhvktybz ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d j,obyyst vthjghbznbz b<br />
j,tcgtxtybz ’aatrnbdyjq cdzpb c cbcntvjq vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq<br />
gjvjob*<br />
. cjltqcndbz cjplfyb. d j,obyf[ lj,hj;tkfntkmyjuj jnyjitybz<br />
r vfnthb b ht,tyre b nfrjq j,cnfyjdrb yf hf,jnt^ rjnjhfz<br />
cfvf gj ct,t gjllth;bdftn yflkt;fott rjhvktybt ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
. ghbyznbz vth lkz gjkyjuj jceotcndktybz ghbywbgjd b wtktq<br />
Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj<br />
vjkjrf b cjjndtncnde.ob[ htpjk.wbq Dctvbhyjq<br />
fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz^ ghbyzns[ dgjcktlcndbb&<br />
42& Hjlbntkb bkb djcgbnfntkb^ d gthde. jxthtlm^ ytcen jndtncndtyyjcnm<br />
pf dcrfhvkbdfybt ltntq& {jnz hjlbntkb dctulf cnhtvzncz<br />
gjkexbnm cfve. njxye. byajhvfwb. lkz ghbyznbz cjjndtncnde.ob[<br />
htitybq d jnyjitybb dcrfhvkbdfybz^ jyb^ ntv yt<br />
vtytt^ juhfybxtys jrhe;f.obvb b[ eckjdbzvb& Gjcrjkmre d<br />
ntxtybt gthds[ lde[ ktn ;bpyb ht,tyrf jyb^ djpvj;yj^ ytxfcnj<br />
rjynfrnbhe.n c cbcntvjq vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob^ jyb<br />
vjuen jrfpfnmcz d ,jkmitq vtht gjl dkbzybtv j,sxftd d<br />
j,obyt^ xtv htrjvtylfwbq hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz&<br />
43& Ljgjkybntkmysvb bcnjxybrfvb byajhvfwbb b gjllth;rb<br />
vjuen cnfnm hfpkbxyst ajhvfkmyst b ytajhvfkmyst uheggs^<br />
drk.xfz ctnb gjllth;rb uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b e[jlf pf<br />
ltnmvb^ rke,s b htkbubjpyst fccjwbfwbb& Gjllth;rf yf ,fpt<br />
j,obys^ drk.xfz gjllth;re cj cnjhjys lheub[ vfnthtq^<br />
ytghjatccbjyfkmys[ cjdtnybrjd gj uhelyjve dcrfhvkbdfyb.<br />
b jabwbfkmys[ lbgkjvbhjdfyys[ rjycekmnfynjd gj kfrnfwbb^<br />
vj;tn gjvjxm ;tyobyfv yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv dcrfhvkbdfnm<br />
cdjb[ ltntq& D ,jkmijv xbckt j,oby ceotcnde.n nhflbwbb<br />
cfvjgjvjob^ rjnjhst vjuen cke;bnm jcyjdjq lkz cjplfybz bkb<br />
24
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
hfcibhtybz gjl[jlzob[ cbcntv gjllth;rb^ cgjcj,ys[ gjvjxm<br />
ctvmzv d ’njv jnyjitybb&<br />
Rjvvthxtcrbt ghtlghbznbz<br />
44& Bpujnjdbntkb b hfcghjcnhfybntkb j,hf,jnfyys[ ghjvsiktyysv<br />
cgjcj,jv gbotds[ ghjlernjd^ ghtlyfpyfxtyys[ lkz ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ nfr;t vjuen csuhfnm rjycnhernbdye.<br />
hjkm d ljcnb;tybb wtktq ’njq cnhfntubb& Jyb ljk;ys<br />
j,tcgtxbnm^ xnj,s j,hf,jnfyyst gbotdst ghjlerns lkz ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ dsgecrftvst d ghjlf;e^ jndtxfkb<br />
cjjndtncnde.obv yjhvfv Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec^ f nfr;t<br />
Rjltrc ububtybxtcrjq ghfrnbrb d jnyjitybb ghjlernjd gbnfybz<br />
lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b cnfhituj djphfcnf Rjltrcf fkbvtynfhbec&<br />
Rhjvt njuj^ dct ghjbpdjlbntkb b hfcghjcnhfybntkb ghjlernjd^<br />
gjgflf.ob[ d cathe ltqcndbz Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk<br />
gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ drk.xfz hj;rb b cjcrb^<br />
ytckb jndtncndtyyjcnm pf vjybnjhbyu cdjtq ghfrnbrb c,snf d<br />
cjjndtncndbb c ghbywbgfvb b wtkm. Cdjlf& Jyb ljk;ys<br />
j,tcgtxbdfnm^ xnj,s b[ gjdtltybt yf rf;ljv ehjdyt<br />
cjjndtncndjdfkj Cdjle ghfdbk^ gjcktle.obv htpjk.wbzv<br />
Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz b yfwbjyfkmysv vthfv^ rjnjhst<br />
,skb ghbyzns lkz b[ ghjdtltybz d ;bpym&<br />
Cjwbfkmyst gfhnyths<br />
45& Hf,jnjlfntkb ljk;ys j,tcgtxbnm nfrjt gjkj;tybt^ xnj,s<br />
cdzpfyyst c vfnthbycndjv ghfdf dct[ ;tyoby^ hf,jnf.ob[ gj<br />
yfqve^ cj,k.lfkbcm^ drk.xfz gththsds lkz rjhvktybz bkb<br />
lheubt vthjghbznbz yf hf,jxb[ vtcnf[^ yfghbvth djpvj;yjcnb<br />
lkz cwt;bdfybz b [hfytybz uhelyjuj vjkjrf ghb gjcktle.otv<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybb ntv kbwjv^ rjnjhjt jceotcndkztn e[jl^ lkz njuj<br />
xnj,s j,ktuxbnm uhelyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt^ gjckt njuj rfr<br />
pfrfyxbdftncz jngecr gj ,thtvtyyjcnb b hjlfv& Ghjacj.ps<br />
yfltktys ytgjchtlcndtyyjq hjkm. d djghjct j,ce;ltybz<br />
ytj,[jlbvs[ ghfd^ cdzpfyys[ c vfnthbycndjv^ b ,tpjgfcyjcnm.<br />
pfyzns[ ;tyoby htghjlernbdyjuj djphfcnf (cv& geyrns 28 b 34)&<br />
Lheubt uheggs<br />
46& Vyjubt rjvgjytyns j,otcndf vjuen csuhfnm df;ye. hjkm d<br />
cjltqcndbb yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdfybz& "nb rjvgjytyns<br />
drk.xf.n%<br />
. jhufys ghjcdtotybz^ rjnjhst cgjcj,cnde.n ajhvbhjdfyb.<br />
ecnfyjdjr e ltntq b gjlhjcnrjd d jnyjitybb rjhvktybz ltntq<br />
25
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf* xthtp irjks b lheubt rfyfks<br />
j,hfpjdfybz cktletn j,tcgtxbdfnm njxye. byajhvfwb. lkz<br />
cjltqcndbz ,jkmitve gjybvfyb. ghj,ktvs b gjpbnbdyjve<br />
gjl[jle*<br />
. chtlcndf vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb^ rjnjhst dkbz.n yf ecnfyjdrb<br />
yfctktybz d jnyjitybb djcgbnfybz^ e[jlf pf ltnmvb b<br />
ghjlerwbb^ gjgflf.otq d cathe Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf<br />
ghfdbk c,snf pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf& Byajhvfwbz^<br />
gjcnegf.ofz jn yb[ gj ’nbv djghjcfv^ b^ xnj yt vtytt df;yj^<br />
nj^ rfr d yb[ jnj,hf;ftncz hjkm hjlbntktq^ e[jl pf ltnmvb b<br />
ghjlerwbz^ ljk;yf ,snm njxyjq^ cjdhtvtyyjq^ j,]trnbdyjq b<br />
cjjndtncnde.otq ghbywbgfv b wtkb Cdjlf ghfdbk*<br />
. ltncrbt exht;ltybz^ rjnjhst gjpdjkz.n hf,jnf.obv vfnthzv<br />
j,tcgtxbdfnm e[jl pf cdjbvb ltnmvb uhelyjuj b<br />
hfyytuj djphfcnf^ ljk;ys cgjcj,cndjdfnm ghjljk;tyb.<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b dcrfhvkbdfybz uhelysv vjkjrjv<br />
b jrfpsdfnm gjllth;re ’njve&<br />
Vt;leyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb<br />
47& Vt;leyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb^ drk.xfz ukj,fkmyst b htubjyfkmyst<br />
exht;ltybz rhtlbnjdfybz^ ljk;ys cnfdbnm djghjc j<br />
rjhvktybb ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf yf dblyjt vtcnj d<br />
ukj,fkmyjq gjdtcnrt j,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfytybz d rfxtcndt<br />
ghbpyfybz tuj df;yjuj pyfxtybz lkz jceotcndktybz ghfd<br />
ltntq b ;tyoby* jyb ljk;ys ,jhjnmcz pf dsltktybt ,ekmib[<br />
k.lcrb[^ abyfycjds[ b jhufybpfwbjyys[ htcehcjd d wtkz[<br />
jceotcndktybz lfyyjq cnhfntubb gjdc.le b^ gj djpvj;yjcnb^<br />
ghtljcnfdkznm ljgjkybntkmyst htcehcs lkz ’njuj&<br />
48& Rjyrhtnysq drkfl vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq d cjltqcndbt<br />
hf,jnt ghfdbntkmcnd drk.xftn cktle.ott%<br />
Hfphf,jnrf yjhv b cnfylfhnjd<br />
. hfphf,jnrf herjdjlzob[ ghbywbgjd yf jcyjdt afrnbxtcrb[<br />
lfyys[ lkz cjltqcndbz ljcnb;tyb. jgthfnbdys[ wtktq<br />
cnhfntubb*<br />
. jrfpfybt gjllth;rb ’gbltvbjkjubxtcrbv b jgthfnbdysv<br />
bccktljdfybzv*<br />
. cjltqcndbt cbcntvfnbxtcrjve bcgjkmpjdfyb. j,ob[<br />
ukj,fkmys[ gjrfpfntktq lkz vjybnjhbyuf b jwtyrb ntyltywbq<br />
d rjhvktybb ltntq*<br />
26
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. hfphf,jnrf yjds[ gjrfpfntktq^ yfghbvth d jnyjitybb fltrdfnyjuj<br />
ghbrjhvf*<br />
. gjdsitybt rfxtcndf hfperhegytyys[ gj gjkjdjve ghbpyfre<br />
ukj,fkmys[^ htubjyfkmys[ b yfwbjyfkmys[ lfyys[ b<br />
hfcibhtybt ljcnegf r ybv*<br />
Gjllth;rf yfhfobdfybz yfwbjyfkmyjuj gjntywbfkf<br />
. byajhvbhjdfybt b gjlujnjdrf hfphf,jnxbrjd gjkbnbrb<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz b herjdjlbntktq vtlbrj-cfybnfhys[ cke;,*<br />
. gjdsitybt rdfkbabrfwbb hf,jnybrjd plhfdjj[hfytybz d<br />
jnyjitybb gjllth;rb jgnbvfkmyjve rjhvktyb. ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
. gthtcvjnh^ d ckexft ytj,[jlbvjcnb^ cjjndtncnde.ob[ ghjuhfvv<br />
j,extybz lkz dhfxtq^ vtlctcnth^ freithjr^ cgtwbfkbcnjd<br />
gj gbnfyb. b lbtnjkjujd^ cfybnfhjd b lheub[ cdzpfyys[<br />
cj plhfdjj[hfytybtv ghjatccbq*<br />
. gkfybhjdfybt b vjybnjhbyu Bybwbfnbds gj cjplfyb. d<br />
,jkmybwf[ eckjdbq^ ,kfujghbznys[ lkz uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
b hfcghjcnhfytybt tt pf ghtltks cke;, hjljdcgjvj;tybz*<br />
. jrfpfybt cjltqcndbz gj j,tcgtxtyb. ljcnfnjxys[ htcehcjd<br />
lkz ’njq wtkb^ d jcj,tyyjcnb d cnhfyf[ c dscjrjq pfljk;tyyjcnm.*<br />
Gjllth;rf hfphf,jnrb b dytlhtybz gjkbnbrb<br />
. gjllth;rf vthjghbznbq gj cjwbfkmyjq vj,bkbpfwbb^ yfghbvth<br />
c bcgjkmpjdfybtv chtlcnd vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb^ lkz<br />
cjltqcndbz yflkt;fotq ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdfybz uhelys[<br />
ltntq b ghjcdtotybt ghtlcnfdbntktq chtlcnd byajhvfwbb*<br />
. ,jhm,f pf hfnbabrfwb. Rjydtywbb VJN j pfobnt vfnthbycndf<br />
No& 183^ 2000 u& b ghbvtytybt Htrjvtylfwbb No& 191^<br />
2000 u&^ d njv xbckt lkz ;tyoby^ pfyzns[ ytnbgbxysvb<br />
ajhvfvb pfdbcbvjuj nhelf*<br />
. ghbpsd r jceotcndktyb. Vt;leyfhjlyjuj cdjlf ghfdbk gj<br />
c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ cjjndtncnde.ob[<br />
htpjk.wbq Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz^ f<br />
nfr;t ghtljcnfdktybt cjjndtncnde.otq nt[ybxtcrjq gjllth;rb<br />
gj pfghjcfv*<br />
27
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt nfrjuj gjkj;tybz^ xnj,s dct yjhvs Rjltrcf<br />
fkbvtynfhbec^ cdzpfyyst c ’nbv ntrcnjv^ rfcf.obtcz ghjlernjd<br />
gbnfybz lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^<br />
gjkyjcnm. exbnsdfkb gjkbnbre DJP^ rfcf.oe.cz cjjndtncnde.otuj<br />
c,snf b hfcghtltktybz^ htrjvtyljdfyyjuj djphfcnf^<br />
bcgjkmpjdfybz b ,tpjgfcyjq gjlujnjdrb b rjhvktybz^<br />
drk.xfz nj^ xnj jnhf;tyj d Vt;leyfhjlyjv rjltrct gj<br />
c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.ob[ htpjk.wbz[<br />
Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj lfyyjve djghjce*<br />
. j,tcgtxtybt njuj^ xnj,s Vt;leyfhjlysq rjltrc gj c,sne<br />
pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf b gjcktle.obt htpjk.wbb<br />
Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz gj lfyyjve djghjce gjkyjcnm.<br />
exbnsdfkbcm d [jlt jceotcndktybz njhujdjq gjkbnbrb b<br />
gthtujdjhjd*<br />
. gjllth;rf bccktljdfybq d jnyjitybb ghfrnbrb c,snf b<br />
Vt;leyfhjlyjuj rjltrcf&<br />
Pfrk.xtybt<br />
49& "nf cnhfntubz cjlth;bn jgbcfybt jcyjdys[ vthjghbznbq gj<br />
j[hfyt^ gjjohtyb. b gjllth;rt yflkt;fotuj dcrfhvkbdfybz<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf& Jyf cjchtljnjxtyf yf<br />
pyfxtybb bydtcnbwbq d ’ne df;ye. j,kfcnm lkz j,tcgtxtybz b<br />
gjkyjuj hfpdbnbz gjntywbfkf ltntq^ jcdj,j;ltybz b[ jn<br />
yt,kfujghbznys[ gjcktlcndbq ytljcnfnjxyjuj bkb ytgjkyjwtyyjuj<br />
gbnfybz b ,jktpytq^ rjnjhst vj;yj ghtleghtlbnm& Cnhfntubz<br />
rjywtynhbhetncz yf hjkb jcyjdys[ gfhnythjd ---<br />
ghfdbntkmcnd^ vt;leyfhjlys[ jhufybpfwbq b lheub[ pfbynthtcjdfyys[<br />
cnjhjy --- b djpkfuftn jcj,e. jndtncndtyyjcnm yf<br />
rf;ljuj bp yb[ lkz j,tcgtxtybz njuj^ xnj,s cevvf b[ rjkktrnbdys[<br />
ltqcndbq cgjcj,cndjdfkf gjkyjve ljcnb;tyb. wtkb b<br />
pflfx cnhfntubb& Jyf cnhjbncz yf ceotcnde.ob[ gjl[jlf[^<br />
rjnjhst^ ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb^ hfcibhz.ncz b j,tcgtxbdf.n<br />
cnhernehe lkz cbythubxtcrjq cdzpb drkflf hfpkbxys[ ghjuhfvvys[<br />
j,kfcntq^ drk.xfz gbnfybt^ pljhjdmt b hfpdbnbt<br />
ht,tyrf^ f nfr;t pljhjdmt vfnthtq b htghjlernbdyjuj pljhjdmz&<br />
Ntgthm ’ne cnhfntub. ytj,[jlbvj djgkjnbnm d ghfrnbre&<br />
50& Bvt.ncz e,tlbntkmyst lfyyst cj dctuj vbhf jnyjcbntkmyjuj<br />
njuj^ xnj ghfdbntkmcndf ghb gjllth;rt vt;leyfhjlyjuj<br />
cjj,otcndf b lheub[ pfbynthtcjdfyys[ cnjhjy cthmtpyj jnyjczncz<br />
r cdjtq j,zpfyyjcnb j[hfyznm b erhtgkznm pljhjdmt b<br />
fkbvtynfhyjt ,kfujcjcnjzybt ltntq hfyytuj b uhelyjuj djp-<br />
28
2& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
hfcnf^ ,thtvtyys[ b rjhvzob[ ;tyoby 1 & Jlby bp ecnjqxbds[^<br />
joenbvs[ htpekmnfnjd Vt;leyfhjlyjq rjydtywbb gj gbnfyb.^<br />
f bvtyyj Dctvbhyfz ltrkfhfwbz gj gbnfyb.^ ghtlkfuftn<br />
dgtxfnkz.oe. rfhnbye ghtj,hfpjdfyyjuj vbhf& Ntv dhtvtytv<br />
Gkfy ltqcndbq gj gbnfyb. gjrfpsdftn yflt;ysq genm r<br />
ljcnb;tyb. ’nb[ ghtj,hfpjdfybq 2 &<br />
51& Pf ltcznm ktn gjckt ghbyznbz ’nb[ ljrevtynjd 159 ujcelfhcndxktyjd<br />
(83¢) ghjltvjycnhbhjdfkb cdj. htibvjcnm ghtlghbybvfnm<br />
ltqcndbz^ hfphf,jnfd bkb erhtgbd cdjb yfwbjyfkmyst<br />
gjkbnbxtcrbt rehcs b gkfys d j,kfcnb gbnfybz&
GHBKJ:TYBT<br />
Htpjk.wbz WHA55&25% Gbnfybt ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
Gznmltcznfz ctccbz Dctvbhyjq fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz^<br />
hfccvjnhtd ghjtrn ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb gj rjhvktyb. ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
uke,jrj j,tcgjrjtyyfz ntv^ xnj juhjvyjve xbcke ltntq uhelyjuj<br />
b hfyytuj djphfcnf dct tot yt j,tcgtxtyj fltrdfnyjuj gbnfybz b<br />
xnj d htpekmnfnt ’njuj cjcnjzybt b[ gbnfybz^ hjcn b hfpdbnbt^<br />
pljhjdmt b cfve ds;bdfybt cnfdzncz gjl euhjpe*<br />
cjpyfdfz^ xnj t;tujlyj lj 55¢ cvthntq ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf<br />
jn lbfhtqys[ ,jktpytq b jcnhs[ htcgbhfnjhys[ byatrwbq vjuen<br />
,snm htpekmnfnjv ytcjjndtncnde.otq ghfrnbrb rjhvktybz b xnj<br />
vtytt 35¢ ltntq uhelyjuj djphfcnf d vbht dcrfhvkbdf.ncz<br />
bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelm. [jnz ,s d ntxtybt gthds[ xtnsht[ vtczwtd<br />
;bpyb^ f nfr;t xnj pfxfcne. ghbrjhv ddjlbncz ytcdjtdhtvtyyj^<br />
ytcjjndtncnde.obv b yt,tpjgfcysv j,hfpjv*<br />
j,tcgjrjtyyfz njq cntgtym.^ d rjnjhjq ytcjjndtncnde.ofz<br />
ghfrnbrf rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf cgjcj,cndetn<br />
j,otve ,htvtyb ,jktpytq^ drk.xfz ytljcnfnjxyjcnm<br />
gbnfybz b nfrbt tuj gjcktlcndbz^ rfr cktgjnf b cvthnyjcnm d<br />
htpekmnfnt ytljcnfnjxyjcnb dbnfvbyf F^ yfheitybt gcb[jvjnjhyjuj<br />
hfpdbnbz d htpekmnfnt ytljcnfnrf ;tktpf b fytvbb^<br />
ytj,hfnbvst gjdht;ltybz ujkjdyjuj vjpuf dcktlcndbt ytljcnfnjxyjcnb<br />
qjlf b vfccjdjt djpltqcndbt yf pf,jktdftvjcnm b cvthnyjcnm<br />
,tkrjdj-’ythutnbxtcrjq ytljcnfnjxyjcnb gbnfybz^ f nfr;t gjcktlcndbz<br />
ltncrjuj j;bhtybz lkz lfkmytqitq ;bpyb*<br />
ghbpyfdfz^ xnj cyb;tybz cvthnyjcnb ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj<br />
djphfcnf vj;yj lj,bnmcz gjchtlcndjv ekexitybz gbnfybz ;tyoby<br />
htghjlernbdyjuj djphfcnf^ jcj,tyyj dj dhtvz ,thtvtyyjcnb^ b<br />
bcrk.xbntkmyj uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d ntxtybt gthds[ itcnb<br />
vtczwtd ;bpyb c fltrdfnysv d gbnfntkmyjv jnyjitybb b<br />
,tpjgfcysv ghbrjhvjv ,kfujlfhz ddtltyb. ,tpjgfcys[ b cjjndtncnde.ob[<br />
j,]tvjd vtcnyjuj ghjljdjkmcndbz b vtcnys[ gbotds[<br />
ghjlernjd ghb ghjljk;tybb uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz lj<br />
djphfcnf lde[ ktn b ,jktt*<br />
exbnsdfz ghj,ktvs^ djpybrf.obt d cdzpb c gjcnjzyyj hfcneobv<br />
xbckjv kbw^ gjldthuf.ob[cz djpltqcndb. cthmtpys[ xhtpdsxfqys[<br />
cbnefwbq^ gfyltvb. DBX#CGBLf b ckj;yjcnb<br />
31
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
cjdhtvtyyjuj j,hfpf ;bpyb d cjxtnfybb c lfkmytqibv hfcghjcnhfytybtv<br />
ytj,jcyjdfyyjq byajhvfwbb d jnyjitybb gbnfybz ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
jcjpyfdfz^ xnj ytcjjndtncnde.ofz ghfrnbrf dcrfhvkbdfybz b tt<br />
gjcktlcndbz zdkz.ncz cthmtpysvb ghtgzncndbzvb r ecnjqxbdjve<br />
cjwbfkmyj-’rjyjvbxtcrjve hfpdbnb. b evtymityb. ,tlyjcnb*<br />
dyjdm gjlndth;lfz^ xnj vfnthb b ltnb ghtlcnfdkz.n cj,jq<br />
ytltkbve. ,bjkjubxtcre. b cjwbfkmye. tlbybwe b xnj pljhjdmt b<br />
gbnfybt jlyb[ ytjnltkbvj jn pljhjdmz b gbnfybz lheub[*<br />
yfgjvbyfz j njv^ xnj Fccfv,ktz plhfdjj[hfytybz jlj,hbkf<br />
(htpjk.wbz WHA33&32) gjkyst ntrcns pfzdktybz b htrjvtylfwbq<br />
cjdvtcnyjuj Cjdtofybz DJP#>YBCTA gj dcrfhvkbdfyb. ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ ghjdtltyyjuj d 1979 u&* ghbyzkf<br />
Vt;leyfhjlysq cdjl ghfdbk gj c,sne pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj<br />
vjkjrf (htpjk.wbz WHA34&22) b gjlxthryekf^ xnj ghbyznbt b<br />
dsgjkytybt ’njuj Cdjlf ghfdbk zdkztncz vbybvfkmysv<br />
nht,jdfybtv* ghbdtncndjdfkf Byyjxtynbqcre. ltrkfhfwb. j<br />
pfobnt^ gjjohtybb b gjllth;rt uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz d rfxtcndt<br />
vt;leyfhjlyjq gjkbnbrb b ghfrnbrb plhfdjj[hfytybz (htpjk.wbz<br />
WHA44&33)* gjcnjzyyj gjjohzkf b gjllth;bdfkf dct ujcelfhcndtyyst<br />
b xfcnyst vtlbrj-cfybnfhyst exht;ltybz^ bvt.obt hjlbkmyst<br />
jnltktybz^ c ntv xnj,s jyb cjltqcndjdfkb uhelyjve<br />
dcrfhvkbdfyb. (htpjk.wbz WHA45&34)* gjcnjzyyj ghbpsdfkf r<br />
hfnbabrfwbb b jceotcndktyb. Rjydtywbb j ghfdf[ ht,tyrf d<br />
rfxtcndt chtlcndf hfpdbnbz j[hfys pljhjdmz ctvmb (htpjk.wbz<br />
WHA46&27)* b jlj,hbkf gjkysq ntrcn Dctvbhyjq ltrkfhfwbb b<br />
Gkfyf ltqcndbq d j,kfcnb gbnfybz^ ghbyzns[ Vt;leyfhjlyjq<br />
rjyathtywbtq gj gbnfyb. (Hbv^ 1992 u&) (htpjk.wbz WHA46&7)*<br />
yfgjvbyfz nfr;t htpjk.wbb WHA35&26^ WHA37&30^ WHA39&28^<br />
WHA41&11^ WHA43&3^ WHA45&34^ WHA46&7^ WHA47&5^ WHA49&15 b<br />
WHA54&2 j gbnfybb ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^<br />
cjjndtncnde.otq ghfrnbrt dcrfhvkbdfybz b cdzpfyys[ c ’nbv<br />
djghjcf[*<br />
ghbpyfdfz ytj,[jlbvjcnm dj dctj,]tvk.otq yfwbjyfkmyjq<br />
gjkbnbrt d j,kfcnb gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^<br />
drk.xfz herjdjlzobt ghbywbgs lkz j,tcgtxtybz cjjndtncnde.otuj<br />
rjhvktybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d bcrk.xbntkmyj<br />
nhelys[ eckjdbz[*<br />
,elexb e,t;ltyf^ xnj ghbikj dhtvz^ rjulf ghfdbntkmcndfv<br />
cktletn j,yjdbnm cdj. ghbdth;tyyjcnm j,tcgtxtyb. jgnbvfkmyjuj<br />
gbnfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^<br />
32
GHBKJ:TYBT Htpjk.wbz WHA55&25% Gbnfybt ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
1& ENDTH:LFTN ukj,fkmye. cnhfntub. gj rjhvktyb. ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
2& GHBPSDFTN ujcelfhcndf-xktys ,tpjnkfufntkmyj%<br />
(1) ghbyznm b jceotcndkznm ukj,fkmye. cnhfntub. c extnjv<br />
yfwbjyfkmys[ eckjdbq b ghb edf;tybb gjkj;bntkmys[ vtcnys[<br />
nhflbwbq b wtyyjcntq d rfxtcndt xfcnb b[ j,otq gjkbnbrb b<br />
ghjuhfvv gbnfybz b j[hfys pljhjdmz ltntq^ c ntv xnj,s<br />
j,tcgtxbnm jgnbvfkmyjt dcrfhvkbdfybt dct[ ltntq uhelyjuj b<br />
hfyytuj djphfcnf b cjrhfnbnm hbcrb^ cdzpfyyst c nexyjcnm. b<br />
lheubvb gjcktlcndbzvb ytghfdbkmyjuj gbnfybz*<br />
(2) erhtgkznm ceotcnde.obt bkb cjplfdfnm yjdst cnhernehs<br />
lkz jceotcndktybz ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb d hfvrf[ ctrnjhf<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz b lheub[ cjjndtncnde.ob[ ctrnjhjd lkz<br />
vjybnjhbyuf b jwtyrb tt ’aatrnbdyjcnb b lkz yfghfdktybz<br />
bydtcnbwbq b bcgjkmpjdfybz htcehcjd d wtkz[ ekexitybz<br />
dcrfhvkbdfybz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
(3) lkz ’njuj d cjjndtncndbb c yfwbjyfkmysvb eckjdbzvb%<br />
(a) ecnfyjdbnm yfwbjyfkmyst wtkb b pflfxb^<br />
(b) jghtltkbnm htfkbcnbxyst chjrb b[ ljcnb;tybz^<br />
(c) hfphf,jnfnm gjllf.obtcz bpvthtyb. gjrfpfntkb ecgt[jd<br />
b htpekmnfnbdyjcnb^ rjnjhst gjpdjkzn ghjdjlbnm<br />
njxysq vjybnjhbyu b jwtyre ghtlghbybvftvs[ ltqcndbq<br />
b ,scnhjt htfubhjdfybt yf dszdkztvst gjnht,yjcnb*<br />
(4) j,tcgtxbnm^ xnj,s vths gj ddtltyb. vbrhj’ktvtynjd d<br />
gbnfybt b c,sn gbnfntkmys[ lj,fdjr yt gjlvtyzkb b yt<br />
gjlhsdfkb gjllth;re ecnjqxbdjq ghfrnbrt bcrk.xbntkmyj<br />
uhelyjuj dcrfhvkbdfybz b jgnbvfkmyjuj ghbrjhvf*<br />
(5) vj,bkbpjdfnm cjwbfkmyst b ’rjyjvbxtcrbt htcehcs d<br />
hfvrf[ j,otcndf b frnbdyj djdktrfnm b[ d jceotcndktybt<br />
ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb b d ljcnb;tybt tt wtktq b pflfx d le[t<br />
htpjk.wbb WHA49&15*<br />
3& GHBPSDFTN lheubt vt;leyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb b exht;ltybz^<br />
d xfcnyjcnb VJN^ AFJ^ >YBCTA^ EDRYAGF<br />
b >Y"QLC^ jnlfdfnm dscjrbq ghbjhbntn d hfvrf[ cdjb[<br />
cjjndtncnde.ob[ vfylfnjd b ghjuhfvv^ d cjjndtncndbb c<br />
herjdjlzobvb ghbywbgfvb d jnyjitybb rjyakbrnf bynthtcjd^<br />
jrfpfyb. gjllth;rb ghfdbntkmcndfv d jceotcndktybb<br />
ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb b ghtlkfuftn ljyjhfv j,tcgtxbnm fltrdfnyjt<br />
abyfycbhjdfybt ytj,[jlbvs[ vth*<br />
33
Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
4& GHTLKFUFTN Rjvbccbb gj Rjltrc fkbvtynfhbec b lfktt d<br />
gjkyjq vtht ghtlecvfnhbdfnm d hfvrf[ cdjtuj jgthfnbdyjuj<br />
vfylfnf ltqcndbz^ rjnjhst jyf vjukf ,s ghtlghbyznm lkz<br />
ekexitybz cnfylfhnjd rfxtcndf ghjvsiktyyj gththf,jnfyys[<br />
ghjlernjd gbnfybz lkz ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ b<br />
cjltqcndjdfnm ,tpjgfcyjve b ghfdbkmyjve b[ bcgjkmpjdfyb. d<br />
yflkt;fotv djphfcnt^ d njv xbckt gjchtlcndjv fltrdfnyjq<br />
vfhrbhjdrb^ d cjjndtncndbb c gjkbnbrjq DJP^ d xfcnyjcnb cj<br />
Cdjljv ghfdbk c,snf pfvtybntktq uhelyjuj vjkjrf^ htpjk.wbtq<br />
WHA54&2 b lheubvb cjjndtncnde.obvb htpjk.wbzvb<br />
Fccfv,ktb plhfdjj[hfytybz*<br />
5& GHTLKFUFTN Utythfkmyjve lbhtrnjhe%<br />
(1) jrfpsdfnm ujcelfhcndfv-xktyfv gjllth;re gj b[ ghjcm,fv d<br />
jceotcndktybb lfyyjq cnhfntubb^ f nfr;t vjybnjhbyut b jwtyrt<br />
tt djpltqcndbz*<br />
(2) ghjljk;fnm c extnjv vfcinf,jd b xfcnjns cthmtpys[<br />
xhtpdsxfqys[ cbnefwbq dj dctv vbht jceotcndkznm c,jh<br />
rjyrhtnyjq byajhvfwbb b hfphf,jnre ext,ys[ vfnthbfkjd^<br />
ghtlyfpyfxtyys[ lkz j,tcgtxtybz eljdktndjhtybz gjnht,yjcntq<br />
ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf d gbnfybb d<br />
bcrk.xbntkmyj nhelys[ eckjdbz[*<br />
(3) erhtgkznm vt;leyfhjlyjt cjnhelybxtcndj c lheubvb jhufybpfwbzvb<br />
cbcntvs JJY b ldecnjhjyybvb exht;ltybzvb^<br />
pfybvf.obvbcz djghjcfvb hfpdbnbz^ d wtkz[ cjltqcndbz yflkt-<br />
;fotve dcrfhvkbdfyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf*<br />
(4) cgjcj,cndjdfnm lfkmytqitve cjnhelybxtcnde cj dctvb<br />
pfbynthtcjdfyysvb cnjhjyfvb b vt;le ybvb d jceotcndktybb<br />
ukj,fkmyjq cnhfntubb&<br />
Jlj,htybt Bcgjkybntkmysv cjdtnjv >YBCTA<br />
Dnjhfz jxthtlyfz ctccbz Bcgjkybntkmyj cjdtnf >YBCTA<br />
17 ctynz,hz 2002 u&<br />
2002#12& Ukj,fkmyfz cnhfntubz gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj b<br />
hfyytuj djphfcnf<br />
Bcgjkybntkmysq cjdtn<br />
Jlj,hztn ukj,fkmye. cnhfntub. gj rjhvktyb. ltntq uhelyjuj<br />
b hfyytuj djphfcnf^ ghtlcnfdktyye. d ljrkflt Gbnfybt ltntq<br />
uhelyjuj b hfyytuj djphfcnf (F55#15 jn 16 fghtkz 2002 u&) b<br />
endth;ltyye. Gznmltczn gznjq ctccbtq Dctvbhyjq fccfv,ktb<br />
plhfdjj[hfytybz d htpjk.wbb WHA55&25 jn 18 vfz 2002 ujlf&<br />
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