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Cluster Munition Monitor 2012 Table Key States Parties: Ratified or acceded as of 25 August 2012 Signatories: Signed, but not yet ratified as of 25 August 2012 States Not Party: Not yet acceded as of 25 August 2012 The Americas Antigua & Barbuda Costa Rica Ecuador Grenada Honduras Nicaragua Panama Trinidad & Tobago Bolivia Colombia Jamaica Peru Bahamas Belize Cuba Guyana Saint Lucia United States Chile Dominican Rep. El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Uruguay Canada Haiti Paraguay Argentina Barbados Brazil Dominica Saint Kitts & Nevis Suriname Venezuela East & South Asia & the Pacific Afghanistan Fiji Lao PDR Samoa Indonesia Palau Bangladesh Brunei China Kiribati Korea, South Maldives Micronesia Myanmar Niue Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Thailand Tonga Vanuatu Cook Islands Japan New Zealand Australia Nauru Philippines Bhutan Cambodia India Korea, North Malaysia Marshall Islands Mongolia Nepal Pakistan Singapore Sri Lanka Timor-Leste Tuvalu Vietnam Europe, the Caucasus & Central Asia Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Holy See Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia, FYR Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Portugal San Marino Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Cyprus Iceland Liechtenstein Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Finland Georgia Greece Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Middle East & North Africa Lebanon Tunisia Iraq Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iran Israel Jordan Kuwait Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Comoros Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Guinea-Bissau Lesotho Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Swaziland Togo Zambia Angola Benin Central African Rep. Chad Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rep. Djibouti Gambia Guinea Kenya Liberia Madagascar Namibia Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé e Príncipe Somalia South Africa Tanzania Uganda Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Mauritius South Sudan Sudan Zimbabwe x
© HRW, March 2012 Major Findings Status of the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions Use • A total of 111 countries have signed or acceded to the Convention on Cluster Munitions as of 31 July 2012, of which 75 are States Parties legally bound by all of the convention’s provisions. • Forty-two countries that have used, produced, exported, or stockpiled cluster munitions have joined the convention, thereby committing to never engage in those activities again. • Since the convention entered into force on 1 August 2010, becoming binding international law, states can no longer sign, but must instead accede. Three countries have acceded, all during 2011: Grenada, Swaziland, and Trinidad and Tobago. • A total of 12 signatories have ratified the convention since August 2011, including countries where cluster munitions have been used (Afghanistan and Mauritania), former cluster munition producers (Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland), and countries that have stockpiled cluster munitions (Afghanistan, Côte d’Ivoire, Czech Republic, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Mauritania, Sweden, and Switzerland), as well as Cameroon, Dominican Republic, and Togo. • The Convention on Cluster Munitions remains the sole international instrument on cluster munitions after a failed attempt to create a new Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) protocol regulating cluster munitions by the United States (US) and other countries in November 2011. • Cluster munitions have been used by at least 19 government armed forces during conflict in 36 countries and four disputed territories since the end of World War II. • Since the Convention on Cluster Munitions entered into force, there have been two confirmed instances of new use of cluster munitions, by Libya and Thailand in the first half of 2011. • There were credible reports, as yet unconfirmed, of new use of cluster munitions in Sudan and Syria in the first half of 2012, including photographic evidence of cluster munition remnants. • Production • A total of 34 states have developed or produced more than 200 types of cluster munitions. • Sixteen former producers of cluster munitions have signed or ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, thereby foreswearing any future production. Non-signatory Argentina has also stopped production. • Seventeen countries, mostly in Asia and Europe, continue to produce cluster munitions or reserve the right to produce in the future. None of these cluster munition producers is confirmed to have used the weapons except for Israel, Russia, and the US. Among the remnants ejected from the storage bunkers attacked by NATO at Mizdah, Libya are explosive submunitions contained in cluster munitions. Above is a Soviet PTAB high explosive anti-tank bomblet Transfer • The Monitor has identified at least 15 countries that have transferred more than 50 types of cluster munitions to at least 60 other countries. • Two states not party to the convention, Singapore and the US, have instituted a moratorium on exports of cluster munitions. • Stockpiling • The Monitor estimates that prior to the start of the global effort to ban cluster munitions, 91 countries stockpiled millions of cluster munitions containing more than 1 billion submunitions. • Currently, 73 nations have cluster munition stockpiles, including 18 States Parties and seven signatories to the Convention on Cluster Munitions. • Collectively, prior to any destruction activities, 24 States Parties possessed 1.09 million cluster munitions and 143 million submunitions. 1
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