OxMo-Vol.-3-No.-1

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Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration Vol. 3, No. 1 countering cronyism and protecting the political and cultural rights of minorities. Similarly, the UK pushing for the suspension of multilateral import, export and investment bans to remain subject to annual review might further encourage progress. Finally, Britain and the international community would do well to recognise that Burma’s democratisation is impossible without equitable solutions to its endemic internal conflicts: persistent insecurity gives the Tatmadaw pretext to retain its undemocratic stranglehold over 25% of Burma’s parliament. For decades, the junta benefited from a xenophobic rhetoric which painted foreign intervention in internal affairs as a neo-colonial threat to national security. Burma’s willingness to open itself up to international trade has rendered this discourse void and makes it vulnerable to multilateral diplomatic pressure. Because of, not despite, its colonial past in Burma, the UK should lobby aggressively through the European Union, the UN Security Council and international financial institutions (IFIs) to ensure that Naypyidaw is held to account for its continuing human rights abuses whilst ensuring that enhanced engagement does not serve to further marginalise and displace vulnerable ethnic minorities at Burma’s frontiers. Daniel Murphy is a British national reading for a Masters in Migration, Mobility and Development at the School of Oriental and African Studies, where he concentrates on climate change, human security and mobility in the Asia-Pacific region. He has worked with NGOs supporting Burmese migrants and marginalised indigenous populations in Southern Thailand in rights-based development contexts. 77
Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration Vol. 3, No. 1 Appendix Figure 1 - Map showing the distribution of Karen S’Gaw speakers in Burma and Thailand (GMI 2010). References Cited AGAMBEN, G. (2005) State of Exception. London: The University of Chicago Press. ANDERSON, B. (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso.. ARAKAN OIL WATCH (AOW) (2012) Burma’s Resource Curse: The case for revenue transparency in the oil and gas sector. Available from: (accessed 12/03/12). ARENDT, H. (1966) The origins of totalitarianism, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. BBC (2002) ‘UK urges oil firm to quit Burma’, BBC News, 12 th Apr. Available from: (accessed 08/01/13). 78
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OxMo-Vol.-3-No.-1

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