Vol 31, Part I - forums.sou.edu • Index page - Southern Oregon ...

ABSTRACTS – Contributed Oral Papers
It was photographed and cast, but only recently have quality
images of these been released in the West for examination.
In 2011, a documentary film crew discovered a series
of three somewhat larger footprints with a step length of
approximately 75 cm. These were also photographed and the
clearest impression was cast. It measures 34.3 cm in length,
12.7 cm across the ball, and 8.4 cm across the heel. Breadthto-length
ratios are very similar to the footprint discovered
by Dr. Viet, and atypical of human footprints. It is notably
flat, but with a somewhat raised medial border at midfoot,
with indication of midfoot flexibility. The toes are long and
the fifth toe exhibits considerable splay. The three possible
source explanations for these footprints – indigenous human,
bear, or unrecognized hominid – are considered.
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC,
and POLITICAL SCIENCES
Tuesday, starting at 10:40 a.m. in WILLOWS 1
139 Fragmented Ties and the Colombian Diaspora: Considering
Historical Trauma as a Factor for Mistrust,
and Fragmented Solidarity, CAROLINA VALDER-
RAMA ECHAVARRIA (Department of History, Boise
State University, 1910 University Dr. , Boise, ID 83725;
carolinavalderrama@u.boisestate.edu).
For most immigrants, social networks at places of destination
play a critical role in the adaptation, adjustment and
at times the success of immigrant groups abroad. However,
despite the importance that social network plays with immigrant
groups in the United States, Colombian immigrant social
networks fragment. Peculiarly enough, the phenomenon manifests
not just in the United States but Canada and Great Britain
as well. Why has fragmentation occurred, but more importantly,
what has occurred in the history of this group to cause
it to fragment While scholars have begun to pay attention to
the social fragmentation of Colombian immigrants and have
begun the discussion as to “how” the fragmentation occurs
within this group, scholars have yet to look at the “why.” Thus,
this interdisciplinary paper seeks to extend the argument of a
socially fragmented Colombian diaspora to suggest that historical
trauma further explains their fragmentation. Historical
trauma a psychological term used to explain the emotional
and psychological wounding over time, usually affects a large
group, if unresolved the trauma manifests in depression, distancing
and distrust of one another, and can lead to damaging
networks, affecting families, and the community as a whole.
The Colombian diaspora demonstrates symptoms of historical
trauma suffering fragmentation, weak social networks, distrust
of each other, and in Europe it has even manifested with families
deporting one another. This paper will intertwine three different
disciplinary field’s history, sociology, and psychology to
suggest that historical trauma may be a contributing factor to
the fragmentation of Colombian social networks.
140 Forest-Sector “Development,” Flooding, and Socio-
Economic Impact in Pakistan, JEFFREY GRITZNER
(Department of Geography, The University of Montana, 32
Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana. . 59812-0648; jeffrey.
gritzner@umontana.edu).
This paper examines the causes and consequences of the
2010 floods in Pakistan...While monsoon patterns and unusually
heavy precipitation obviously contributed to the flooding,
its intensity can be attributed to massive deforestation..
Owing to the unconstrained activity of the so-called “timber
mafia,” more than seventy per cent of Pakistan’s forests were
illegally harvested between 2007 and 2009—leaving only
5.2 per cent of the country with forest cover...Flood hazard
increased in response to devegetation...Agriculture employs
roughly forty-seven per cent of the population in Pakistan,
and approximately sixty percent of the country’s foreign
exchange earnings are derived from the agricultural sector..
Crop loss was extensive.. . Owing to mismanagement and
the feudal character of the agricultural sector, peasants with
no alternative livelihood suffered the greatest loss...In total,
more than two thousand people died in the floods; twenty
million were severely affected; and it is estimated that the
rebuilding effort will cost some fifteen billion dollars.
141 The Political Economy of International Aid, Industrialization
and the ‘Arsenic Crisis’ in Bangladesh, CLAUDIA
J CARR (Environmental Science, Policy and Management
Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
claudiacarr@berkeley.edu).
International aid institutions, and notably the World
Bank, have termed the major poisoning crisis in Bangladesh
a naturally occurring “arsenic crisis”...Based on this assumption,
hundreds of millions of dollars for research concerning
such poisoning and its possible mitigation have been issued
by the Bank and other agencies. Based on the similarity
between arsenic and other heavy metals, along with the central
role of heavy metal-polluting industries in the Bangladeshi
economy, an analysis of the international aid funding
for these industries strongly suggests that widespread poisoning
of the Bangladeshi population is more likely related
to the creation of a ‘toxic soup’ of heavy metals than to naturally
occurring arsenic.. . Results of this study are industry
specific and include recommendations for a resolution of the
actual source and thus appropriate solutions to the crisis.
142 Accounting Systems and High-Growth Startup Companies,
MICHAEL LEE and SPENCER COBIA* ( 1 Department
of Accountancy, College of Business and Economics,
Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID
83725; spencercobia@u.boisestate.edu).
Accounting systems must keep with a growing company.
This case study examines how a start-up company was able
to support its strategic changes, expansion in size and evolution
in structure with accounting systems. We evaluate the
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