Chance, bias and confounding - The INCLEN Trust
Chance, bias and confounding - The INCLEN Trust
Chance, bias and confounding - The INCLEN Trust
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Confounding <strong>and</strong> effect<br />
modification<br />
• Confounding distorts the true relationship between<br />
the exposure <strong>and</strong> disease <strong>and</strong> should be controlled<br />
• Effect modification tells us that the association<br />
between exposure <strong>and</strong> disease is modified by a<br />
third factor. It should not be controlled for, the<br />
magnitude of effect modification should be<br />
reported <strong>and</strong> biological explanation for its<br />
presence sought.
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