Download Unit 1 Student Text Sample Material - McGraw-Hill Ryerson

More documents

Recommendations

Info

$Math and Chemistry - McGraw-Hill Ryerson$

UNIT 1 THEME 1 World War I and Beyond 1914–1921 CANADA IN THE WORLD INTRODUCTION As you progress through this theme, you will focus on various issues that are introduced on these two pages. Exploring these issues will help you answer this question: Did Canada’s role in world events make the country stronger Atlantic Ocean English Channel PORTUGAL 500 km North Sea DENMARK SWEDEN BRITAIN Berlin London NETHERLANDS GERMANY Brussels BELGIUM Prague Paris LUXEMBOURG AUSTRIA-HUNGARY FRANCE SWITZERLAND Vienna SPAIN Figure 1.1 Europe in 1914 MONTENEGRO SARDINIA GREECE Mediterranean Sea SICILY ALBANIA RUSSIA BOSNIA- ROMANIA ITALY HERZEGOVINA BULGARIA CORSICA SERBIA Triple Alliance Triple Entente TURKEY W UKRAINE N S Black Sea E OTTOMAN EMPIRE FOUR MAIN CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I Cause Another Name for This Cause Building empires imperialism Building military might militarism Forming alliances with other alliance system European countries Feeling extreme loyalty and nationalism patriotism for one’s homeland Figure 1.2 A Turning Point World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, was an important turning point in the history of the 20th century. This war changed Canada — and the world — forever. Causes of World War I In the early 1900s, the great powers of Europe were on a collision course. Powerful countries such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia were in a race to become even more powerful. One way these European powers tried to become stronger was by building empires. This meant they had to control colonies outside Europe. Colonies supplied cheap raw materials, such as minerals and lumber, for factories in the homeland. They also supplied markets, where goods made in the homeland were sold. This gave the European countries economic power — and led to competition for overseas colonies. But the European powers feared attack by their rivals in Europe. As a result, they began to strengthen their armed forces and to stockpile weapons. To protect themselves even more, they formed military alliances — agreements to co-operate — with other European countries. Great Britain, France, and Russia were allies in the Triple Entente. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. Members of both alliances agreed that an attack on one ally would be treated as an attack on them all. 6 MHR
The race to create empires, to build military might, and to form alliances turned Europe into two hostile camps. A single event was all it took to spark all-out war. The Event That Sparked the War On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary and his wife were shot and killed while visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina. At the time, Bosnia-Herzegovina was part of Austria-Hungary. But neighbouring Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia-Herzegovina. Many Serbian nationalists — people who felt strongly patriotic about their homeland — believed that they shared strong religious, cultural, and ethnic ties with the people of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The assassin who killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife belonged to a Serbian nationalist group. And Austria-Hungary used the assassinations as an excuse to invade Serbia. When this happened, Russia honoured an agreement with Serbia and went to that country’s defence. Germany then backed its ally, Austria-Hungary, while Britain and France backed their ally, Russia. By August 4, 1914, much of Europe was at war. How Canada Became Involved When World War I started, Canada was no longer a British colony, but it was not completely independent either. In 1867, Canada had won the right to self-government, but the British government still controlled its foreign policy. This meant that when Great Britain declared war, Canada automatically went to war too. In 1914, no one knew that it would be a different — and even more horrifying — kind of war. People did not know that it would last four terrible years and cost millions of lives. And they did not know that it would become the event that many historians say transformed Canada into a nation. TimeCHECK Europe Goes to War: Summer of 1914 June 28 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary and his wife are assassinated July 29 Russia sends troops to borders of Austria-Hungary and Germany • Germany declares war on Russia August 3 Germany declares war on France July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia FYI August 4 Germany invades Belgium en route to France • Great Britain declares war on Germany In 1915 Italy changed sides and joined the Allies. Figure 1.3 Kenneth Forbes, who painted this picture, was a machinegunner who was wounded twice before becoming a war artist. His painting of Canadian artillery in action captures the heat, dirt, fatigue, and incredible noise involved in firing these heavy guns. MHR 7
Page 1 and 2: Designed specifically for the Appli
Page 3 and 4: Rosemary Stiglic, Lincoln M. Alexan
Page 5 and 6: In this unit, you will read about c
Page 7: 5 The Clarion July 1, 1921 sSum mgd
Page 11 and 12: UNIT 1 THEME 1 World War I and Beyo
Page 13 and 14: Some soldiers found the horror and
Page 15 and 16: Battle of Vimy Ridge By April 1917,
Page 17 and 18: Roy Brown and the Red Baron Brown b
Page 19 and 20: Halifax, Nova Scotia, became the po
Page 22 and 23: UNIT 1 THEME 1 FYI World War I and
Page 24: Canadian History: A Sense of Time

Download Unit 1 Student Text Sample Material - McGraw-Hill Ryerson

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?