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WJEC GCSE Additional Science Teacher’s Notes 2. Pick one of your hypotheses and suggest how you might test it. Hypothesis 1 could be tested by flooding the room with strong-smelling air freshener to ‘mask’ the detection of the owner’s smell, and see if Prince still goes to the window (it would be difficult to be certain if the masking works, however). Hypothesis 2 could be tested by getting the owner to drive home in a different car, and see if Prince still goes to the window. Hypothesis 3 is easy to test if the owner arrives home significantly earlier or later than normal. If Prince still goes to the window just before his arrival in those circumstances, it is clearly not related to the time. _Drawing conclusions – is my hypothesis supported__ (pages 5–7) Questions 3. Natalie had a hypothesis that wet paper could hold less weight than dry paper. She tested paper bags, adding weight 10 g at a time until the bag broke. She tested 10 dry bags, and then soaked 10 similar bags in water and tested them. In every single case, the wet bags broke with less weight in them than the dry bags. What should Natalie’s conclusion be The correct answer is b Her hypothesis is supported. 4. Glyn had a hypothesis that a certain brand of insulated mug did not actually keep drinks any warmer than a normal ceramic mug. He timed how long it took water to cool by 10 °C in the two types of mug. He ran the test 50 times. On average, the water took 6 minutes longer to cool down in the insulated mug, and in all 50 tests the water in the ceramic mug cooled quicker. What should Glyn’s conclusion be The correct answer is d His hypothesis should be rejected. TASK Can people tell the difference between butter and a butter spread (page 7) This is a difficult exercise. It has to be difficult because the aim is to test if pupils can draw appropriate conclusions from ‘real’ science results, which are very often not completely ‘black and white’. There would be little point giving pupils data that very clearly supported or contradicted a hypothesis. 1. Patrick and Isobel’s hypothesis was ‘People cannot tell butter spread from butter’. The alternative is ‘People can tell butter spread from butter’. Comment on the evidence for each of these hypotheses. ‘People cannot tell butter spread from butter’ – Pure guesswork would lead to roughly 50% success. Although there is a 56% success rate here, the difference from 50% is not big enough to reject the hypothesis, but it is not supported by this evidence. ‘People can tell butter spread from butter’ – despite the 56% success rate, the difference is not big enough to clearly support this hypothesis. In addition, the results are quite variable from person to person. There is weak evidential support, but overall the results are inconclusive. 2. What is your conclusion from these results The results do not support Patrick and Isobel’s hypothesis, but the evidence is too weak to reject it. 2
WJEC GCSE Additional Science Teacher’s Notes _ How do scientists evaluate their methods_________ (pages 8–10) Question 5. In the experiment described at the bottom of page 9, how many readings do you think the person doing the experiment should have taken 20–30 readings should have been taken. Accept 20, 30 or anything in between. TASK Are you a scientist yet (page 10) Possible hypotheses are: Woodlice tend to be found in dark places. Woodlice move away from the light. Woodlice move more in the light than in the dark. It is very important that people notice warning signs. Warning signs are nearly always red. The colour red is more noticeable than other colours. Cheap brands of fizzy drinks seem to go ‘flat’ quicker than more expensive brands. Cheap drinks have less carbon dioxide in them than expensive ones. The bottles of cheap drinks are less air tight than expensive brands. 3
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