The Solar Thermal Market in Germany - Status Technologies
The Solar Thermal Market in Germany - Status Technologies
The Solar Thermal Market in Germany - Status Technologies
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Export <strong>in</strong>itiative AHK & dena: Reneables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Status</strong> - <strong>Technologies</strong> - Perspectives<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 1
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Standard system for domestic hot water supply<br />
Typical data<br />
for 4-persons-<br />
household:<br />
� 5-6 m² collector area<br />
� 300-400 l. solar storage tank<br />
� Costs ~ 4.000 – 5.000 Euro<br />
<strong>in</strong>cl. <strong>in</strong>stallation<br />
<strong>Market</strong> share: ~80%<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> station with<br />
controls and<br />
circulation pump<br />
Flat plate or vacuum<br />
tube collector<br />
Water<br />
storage tank Water boiler:<br />
oil, gas<br />
new: wood pellets<br />
seldom: elec. power<br />
Cold water <strong>in</strong>let<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
source: BSi<br />
Seite 2
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Typical solar thermal combi-system<br />
Comb<strong>in</strong>ed solar thermal system for DHW<br />
and room heat<strong>in</strong>g support<br />
� 8-15 m² collector area<br />
Flat plate or vacuum tube collector<br />
� 500-1.000 liter combi storage tank<br />
� Costs 10.000 - 15.000 Euro<br />
<strong>Market</strong> share: ~20%<br />
Buffer storage<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> station with<br />
controls and<br />
Circulation pump<br />
Dom. hot<br />
water<br />
storage<br />
Cold water <strong>in</strong>let<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Heat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
circles<br />
Boiler<br />
source: BSi<br />
Seite 3
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Annually <strong>in</strong>stalled solar thermal power (0,7 kWth / m²)<br />
Megawatt (thermisch)<br />
700<br />
650<br />
600<br />
550<br />
500<br />
450<br />
400<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
1991<br />
1992<br />
1993<br />
1994<br />
1995<br />
1996<br />
1997<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
1998<br />
flat plate collectors vacuum tube coll. trend 20% growth annually<br />
1999<br />
2000<br />
2001<br />
2002<br />
2003<br />
2004<br />
2005*<br />
2006*<br />
* prognosis<br />
Seite 4
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Installed solar thermal power <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
New <strong>in</strong>stalled power<br />
New <strong>in</strong>stalled solar area<br />
Total <strong>in</strong>stalled power<br />
Total <strong>in</strong>stalled solar area<br />
No of new <strong>in</strong>stalled systems<br />
No of total <strong>in</strong>stalled systems<br />
Turn over 2004<br />
Employees<br />
<strong>Market</strong> growth 2003<br />
<strong>Market</strong> growth 2004<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal<br />
525 MW (therm)<br />
750.000 m²<br />
4.040 MW (therm)<br />
5.770.000 m²<br />
83.000<br />
640.000<br />
550 Mio Euro<br />
10.000<br />
+ 20%<br />
+5%<br />
360 MWp (electr)<br />
3.300.000 m²<br />
768 MWp (electr)<br />
6.900.000 m²<br />
40.000<br />
130.000<br />
1.700 Mio Euro<br />
*grid connected<br />
Photovoltaic*<br />
20.000<br />
+ 80%<br />
+ 140%<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
source: BSi<br />
Seite 5
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Image and Application<br />
� Green believers Conv<strong>in</strong>ced buyers<br />
� Pioneer companies Professional <strong>in</strong>dustry<br />
� Collector manufacturers Process-controlled production<br />
� DHW supply only Floor heat<strong>in</strong>g & solar cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
� Small houses Big commercial & public build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
� S<strong>in</strong>gle roof units Integrated roof systems & facades<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 6
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Systems - New Developments - Performance<br />
� Long-time experience, focus on R & D, new test methods, “<strong>Solar</strong> Keymark”<br />
� Better performance and higher efficiency due to improved materials<br />
- <strong>in</strong>sulat<strong>in</strong>g, tub<strong>in</strong>g / weld<strong>in</strong>g, sputtered coat<strong>in</strong>gs, <strong>in</strong>ert gas, low iron glass (AR)<br />
� Intelligent solar control systems and solar storage tanks (°C zones)<br />
� DHW and room heat<strong>in</strong>g support “Combi Systems” & “Combi-plus” (SAC)<br />
� Cost and price reduction due to “economy of scale” and strong competition<br />
� More energy harvest / m² <strong>in</strong> total ( “from roof to tap” )<br />
� > 10 years warranty and > 20 years life time of systems<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 7
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Industrial production of selctive coat<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Interpane Alanod<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 8
Absorber-Coat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> EUROPE <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
( Total : ~ 1.580.000 m 2 , hereof about ~ 108.000 m 2 for ETC )<br />
SUNSELECT 52%<br />
TiNOX 16%<br />
SolChrome 1%<br />
ALANOD 2%<br />
Gamesa (MADE) ~1%<br />
Sunstrip 4%<br />
MTI 8%<br />
ChromCoat 13%<br />
Other products 2%<br />
ESE 2%<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 9
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Industrial production<br />
� Rise of own German production<br />
– Automation and concentration<br />
� Considerable further development of<br />
system technology<br />
� Technology leadership <strong>in</strong> many fields<br />
� Strong <strong>in</strong>tegration <strong>in</strong>to heat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
technology and the build<strong>in</strong>g envelope<br />
� Increas<strong>in</strong>g solar contribution ratios<br />
� New applications under development<br />
– <strong>Solar</strong> cool<strong>in</strong>g, solar local heat, process heat<br />
Production of flat plate collectors<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 10
Flat Plate Collectors <strong>in</strong>stalled <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
( Total : ~ 675.000 m 2 )<br />
Brötje (G-o-T)<br />
<strong>Solar</strong>focus<br />
Bosch (G-o-T)<br />
Weishaupt (Schweizer)<br />
SUNSET (Chromagen)<br />
Import<br />
(32%)<br />
Sonnenkraft (G-o-T)<br />
other importers<br />
pro solar (Ez<strong>in</strong>c)<br />
VELUX (G-o-T)<br />
Solution (Sun Master)<br />
Sun Master<br />
Teufel & Schwarz<br />
Westfa (G-o-T)<br />
other producers<br />
Phönix<br />
Wolf<br />
„Selbstbauer“<br />
(<strong>in</strong>kl. BUSO)<br />
Stiebel<br />
Citr<strong>in</strong><br />
Aquasol<br />
KBB<br />
Solvis<br />
Viessmann<br />
Vaillant (Wagner)<br />
Wagner<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Buderus<br />
UFE<br />
NAU<br />
SCHÜCO<br />
Production<br />
(68%)<br />
Seite 11
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> District Heat<strong>in</strong>g with Seasonal Storage<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 12
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - From <strong>Solar</strong> Radiation to Air Condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>Solar</strong><br />
Radiation <strong>Solar</strong><br />
collector Heat<br />
PV<br />
thermal<br />
driven<br />
chiller<br />
open<br />
desiccantcool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
compression<br />
chiller<br />
cold water<br />
conditioned<br />
air (cold,<br />
dehumidified)<br />
Cooled ceil<strong>in</strong>g<br />
or Fan coils<br />
Build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Central<br />
Air-Condition<br />
system<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 13
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Heat-driven Chillers<br />
S<strong>in</strong>gel effect absorption many products driven with hot<br />
water (or steam) <strong>in</strong> the power<br />
range > 100 kW; few products <strong>in</strong><br />
the range < 100 kW only<br />
Double effect absorption mostly direct fired Anlagen; no<br />
products smaller 100 kW<br />
Adsorption 2 commercial systems (Japan)<br />
available, driven with hot water<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 14
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Open Systems<br />
Systems with<br />
sorption wheels<br />
Systems with<br />
liquid sorption materials<br />
– Sorption wheels are available<br />
<strong>in</strong> a wide range from many<br />
producers<br />
– different system<br />
configurations for different<br />
climates are possible<br />
Some systems are <strong>in</strong> the test<br />
phase, two pilot plants are<br />
runn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong>; solar<br />
energy storage almost without<br />
losses is possible!!<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 15
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - <strong>Solar</strong> Collectors<br />
collector efficiency<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.0<br />
desiccant<br />
cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
absorption<br />
1-effect<br />
high efficient Vacuum Tube Collector<br />
Flat Plate Collector (selective coat<strong>in</strong>g)<br />
solar Air Collector<br />
absorption<br />
2-effect<br />
40 60 80 100 120 140 160<br />
average fluid temperature, °C<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 16
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Absorption System (water/LiBr)<br />
22° C<br />
Cold water storage tank<br />
16° C<br />
95° C<br />
88° C<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> collector field (ETC)<br />
Absorbtion cool<strong>in</strong>g system<br />
generator<br />
condensor<br />
evaporator absorber<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
35° C<br />
28° C<br />
16° C<br />
V<br />
Cool<strong>in</strong>g tower<br />
e.g. Chill<strong>in</strong>g panels/ceil<strong>in</strong>g<br />
22° C<br />
Seite 17
<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong>s <strong>in</strong> EU<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Absorption System (with ETC’s)<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 18
<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong>s <strong>in</strong> EU<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Absorption System<br />
328 collectors<br />
345 m²absorber area<br />
output 274 kW peak<br />
3 tanks<br />
capacity 36,000 ltr<br />
Auxilliary heat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
output 259 kW<br />
domestic<br />
hot water<br />
3 storage tanks<br />
capacity 3,600 ltr<br />
space heat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
fan coils<br />
air conditioner<br />
cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
absorbtion generator<br />
output125 kW<br />
Hotel<br />
Belroy Palace<br />
110 apartementes<br />
3 bars<br />
2 restaurants<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 19
<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong>s <strong>in</strong> EU<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Examples<br />
� over 70 systems are<br />
<strong>in</strong>stalled <strong>in</strong> Europe<br />
� <strong>in</strong> total about 17000 m 2 of<br />
solar collectors for about<br />
6.5 MW cool<strong>in</strong>g capacity<br />
� average collector area<br />
3.9 m 2 per kW of <strong>in</strong>stalled<br />
cool<strong>in</strong>g power<br />
� 10 m 2 per 1000 m 3 /h<br />
nom<strong>in</strong>al airflow for open<br />
systems<br />
� Systems work<strong>in</strong>g reliable<br />
s<strong>in</strong>ce 1993<br />
Air condition<strong>in</strong>g Cool<strong>in</strong>g Air Cool<strong>in</strong>g condition<strong>in</strong>g of of a of a factory a sem<strong>in</strong>ar w<strong>in</strong>e of build<strong>in</strong>g a cellar library room<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> France <strong>in</strong> the Greece Spa<strong>in</strong> Netherlands<br />
Air condition<strong>in</strong>g of a laboratory <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 20
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Outlook<br />
� <strong>Solar</strong>e air conditon<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> generell has a great potential !!<br />
However more simple hydraulics and <strong>in</strong>tegrated control is important<br />
� More experiences with monitored pilot plants are necessary (e.g. programs like<br />
„solarthermie2000plus“ <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong>)<br />
� <strong>The</strong> economics for large plants are still better. Best conditions are <strong>in</strong> southerly<br />
regions (e.g. mediterranean countries, N-Africa, Middle East, Asia, USA & SA)<br />
� Small systems have a huge market perpective especially <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with<br />
DHWS (hot water production), heat<strong>in</strong>g and air condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
� <strong>The</strong> market needs companies who offer complete systems !!!<br />
� <strong>Solar</strong> air condition<strong>in</strong>g is a very promis<strong>in</strong>g application of <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal energy<br />
<strong>in</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs with grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terest from private customers and <strong>in</strong>dustries<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 21
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Assisted Cool<strong>in</strong>g (SAC) - Handbook for Planners<br />
Editors notes<br />
1 Introduction<br />
PART I - Components<br />
2 <strong>The</strong> load subsystem - Air condition<strong>in</strong>g equipment<br />
3 <strong>The</strong> cold production subsystem<br />
4 <strong>The</strong> heat production subsystem<br />
Part II Systems<br />
5 <strong>Solar</strong> driven systems - examples, control and<br />
operation<br />
6 Design approaches<br />
7 Performance figures<br />
8 Design examples<br />
9 Summary<br />
References, Appendices<br />
Spr<strong>in</strong>ger-Verlag, ISBN 3-211-00647-8<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 22
<strong>Solar</strong> Collectors - all types - <strong>in</strong>stalled <strong>in</strong> Europe <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
( Estimated Total: ~ 1.580.000 m 2 )<br />
<strong>Germany</strong> 47%<br />
France 3%<br />
Cyprus 2%<br />
Austria 12%<br />
Greece 14%<br />
Italy 4%<br />
Sweden 1%<br />
Switzerland 2%<br />
UK & IR 2%<br />
Other countries < 1% each<br />
Netherlands 2%<br />
Poland 2%<br />
Spa<strong>in</strong> 6%<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
source: ESTIF<br />
Seite 23
Evacuated Tube Collectors <strong>in</strong>stalled <strong>in</strong> Europe* <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
( Total : ~ 108.000 m 2 , gross )<br />
( * Eastern-EU not <strong>in</strong>cluded )<br />
<strong>Germany</strong><br />
Belgium<br />
Italy<br />
Netherlands<br />
Spa<strong>in</strong><br />
Switzerland<br />
France<br />
UK<br />
F<strong>in</strong>land Sweden<br />
Austria Others<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 24
<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal <strong>Market</strong>s <strong>in</strong> EU*<br />
A general view & outlook<br />
Total m² <strong>Market</strong> Development <strong>Market</strong> Prognosis<br />
Country <strong>in</strong> operation % Installed Installed M-grow th Estimation<br />
2004 EU-<strong>Market</strong> 2000 2004 2000-2004 2005 2006 2007<br />
Austria 2.085.488 16% 152.944 182.594 19% 200.000 215.000<br />
Belgium 48.249 0% 3.400 14.700 323% 18.000 22.000<br />
Denmark 315.730 2% 30.200 20.000 -46% 24.000 26.000<br />
F<strong>in</strong>land 11.980 0% 2.000 2.000 0% 2.000 2.000<br />
France (EU) 274.100 2% 23.500 55.000 179% 80.000 90.000<br />
<strong>Germany</strong> 5.604.000 42% 620.000 760.000 23% 850.000 950.000<br />
Greece 2.826.700 21% 181.000 215.000 19% 170.000 180.000<br />
Ireland 7.290 0% 400 2.000 400% 3.000 3.000<br />
Italy 444.285 3% 45.249 61.000 35% 74.000 80.000<br />
Netherlands 283.508 2% 27.660 28.000 1% 30.000 33.000<br />
Norw ay 18.500 0% 2.000 3.000 50% 4.000 4.000<br />
Portugal 144.950 1% 5.500 9.000 64% 12.000 13.500<br />
Spa<strong>in</strong> 420.366 3% 40.487 93.000 130% 140.000 200.000<br />
Sw eden 185.796 1% 19.117 20.058 5% 25.000 28.000<br />
Sw itzerland 352.460 3% 24.000 31.067 29% 38.000 40.000<br />
UK 168.920 1% 11.850 29.000 145% 35.000 40.000<br />
Total 13.192.322 100% 1.189.307 1.525.419 28% 1.705.000 1.926.500 2.200.000<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
*EU15 + CH<br />
Seite 25
<strong>Solar</strong> Collectors - all types – <strong>in</strong> operation world wide <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
( Estimated Total : ~ 90.600.000 m 2 )<br />
Rest of the World 2,5%<br />
ISRAEL 5%<br />
AUS / NZ 1,5%<br />
JAPAN 8%<br />
USA & CANADA 1,5%<br />
EUROPE 15%<br />
Turkey 8%<br />
CHINA 54%<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 26
<strong>Solar</strong> Collectors - all types - <strong>in</strong>stalled world wide <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
( Estimated Total : ~ 16.800.000 m 2 )<br />
ISRAEL<br />
S-ASIA<br />
AUS/NZ<br />
S-KOREA<br />
USA/CANADA<br />
EUROPE<br />
S/M-AMERICA<br />
SE-ASIA<br />
TAIWAN<br />
N-AFRICA<br />
Rest of the world<br />
JAPAN<br />
TURKEY<br />
S-AFRICA<br />
CHINA<br />
© by Management Beratung W. B. Koldehoff, D-87657 Görisried AHK/dena: Renewables Made <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Seite 27
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