Research methodology is the method, means or ... - DSpace@UM

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validity refers to the trustworthiness of interpretation or conclusion (Stiles, 1993). In order to ensure the reliability in qualitative research, examination of trustworthiness is crucial. Seale (1999) states that the “trustworthiness of a research report lies at the heart of issues conventionally discussed as validity and reliability”. On the other hand, qualitative researcher should consider the importance of verification strategies in the process of inquiry so that reliability and validity are actively attained. These strategies include investigator responsiveness, methodological coherence, theoretical sampling and sampling adequacy, and active analytic stance and saturation. When the strategies are used appropriately, these will force the researcher to correct both the direction of the analysis and the development of the study as necessary, thus ensuring reliability and validity of the completed project (Morse et-al, 2002). 3.4.6 Reliability to this study To ensure the reliability of this research, the following actions were taken: The research approach and epistemology were disclosed. The social and cultural context of the participants, and the research setting were explained. The interpretations were grounded by linking them to excerpt from the interview text. The researcher questioning in “what” instead of “why” in an effort to ground experiences in a context and to elicit a rich description of the participants. 3.4.7 Validity to this study To ensure the validity of this research, the following actions were taken (Morse et-al, 2002): The researcher clearly defined the aim of this study. 35
The researcher moved back between design and implementation to ensure congruence among question formulation, literature, recruitment, data collection strategies, and analysis. The researcher did not attempt to generalise the findings of the research to different subject matters, setting. The coherence or quality of the interpretation was ensured in consultation with the researcher‟s supervisor. 3.5 Sampling and selection There are various types of sampling that a researcher could use to select the participants in this study. For this study they were selected using purposive sampling. They are youth between 21-23 years old. In this age group, they should have experiences in formal history learning at school. Basic knowledge in computing is crucial in order for participants in authoring the computer game. Besides, the participants also have some experiences in playing RPG. By using purposive sampling, the researcher hoped that participants could provide rich description on the difference between their history learning experience by using game authoring and the current system that being applied in learning history. 3.6 Data Collection in this research i) Observation One of the classic forms of data collection in qualitative research is observation of participants in the context. In this condition, the researcher become as a participant in the context of being observed. In this study, the researcher observed the participants while they are creating the game. Furthermore, the problems faced by the participants also being observed. This method is mainly applied during in the computer lab, while the participants are authoring their RPG. By observing the participants, it could lead to deeper understanding than interview alone, because it provides knowledge of the context 36
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1
Page 3 and 4: esearcher hopes it can be an effect
Page 5: observations provide an opportunity
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Page 11 and 12: perception into how the participant

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