PARASITOLOGY II - Modern Prepper

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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Phylum Protozoo: Rhizopoda and Zoomastigophora. LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 1-1 through 1-11. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 1-1. Identify the general characteristics of protozoans. 1-2. Identify the organism characteristics of parasitic members of Class Rhizopoda. 1-3. Select a statement that best describes the life cycle of a member of Class Rhizopoda. 1-4. Identify the organism characteristics of parasitic members of Class Zoomastigophora. 1-5. Select a statement that best describes the life cycle of a member of Class Zoomastigophora. 1-6. Identify the specimen of choice for recovery of specific protozoan organisms. 1-7. Identify the special technique required for recovery of specific protozoan organisms. SUGGESTION After completing the assignment, complete the exercises of this lesson. These exercises will help you to achieve the lesson objectives. MD0842 1-1
LESSON 1 PHYLUM PROTOZOO: RHIZOPODA AND ZOOMASTIGOPHORA 1-1. GENERAL COMMENTS Section I. OVERVIEW OF PROTOZOO Protozoans are unicellular (one-celled) organisms which belong to the subkingdom Eucaryota. They vary in size from almost submicroscopic to 120 micrometers (µ) in diameter. Each protozoan is a complete organism capable of carrying out the same physiological functions performed by many cells in a more complex organism. There are specialized and complex organelles found in protozoans which perform the functions of locomotion, metabolism, and reproduction. It has been suggested that instead of unicellular, the protozoan organisms should be termed acellular because of the intricacy of their functions and also because some of these organisms have more than one nuclei. The members of this phylum which are parasitic to humans, while preserving the general characteristics of their free living counterparts, are capable of survival in the adverse system of the host. 1-2. HISTORY Some protozoans are beneficial to mankind by being part of the food chain and by serving as experimental subjects. Others have adapted well to a parasitic existence causing many diseases in humans. Much has been discovered about protozoans since Anton van Leeuwenhoek first saw the cysts of Giardia lamblia from his own stool and reported them to the Royal Academy in his treatise "Wee besties." His discoveries occurred in the late 1600's. 1-3. STRUCTURE The various forms and functions of protozoan cells are truly amazing for what we consider as simple single-celled organisms. Whether they are amoeba, flagellates, or ciliates, they contain ultramicroscopic organelles that enable them to perform many of the activities observed in higher animals. However, the most easily recognized and identifiable structure within the protozoan cell is the nucleus. Nuclei among the protozoa usually are of two types, the vesicular nucleus with a clearly defined internal space, and the compact nucleus which appears to be a solid mass. Most of the protozoa which parasitize humans exhibit the vesicular type. Because nuclear chromatin components can be stained and easily observed within the vesicular nucleus, the arrangement of the chromatin, whether dispersed or condensed, is helpful in differentiation of the species within certain classes of the Protozoo. See figures 1-1 and 1-2. MD0842 1-2
Page 1 and 2: U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs
Page 5: Credit Awarded: Upon successful com
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1-2. Typical protozoan organ
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1-3. Rhizopadan stages. MD08
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1-5. Life cycle of Entamoeba
Page 15 and 16: ORGANISM 2 -- Entamoeba hartmanii G
Page 17 and 18: TROPHOZOITE SIZE: 10 to 50 µ. SHAP
Page 19 and 20: Entamoeba polecki TROPHOZOITE SIZE:
Page 21 and 22: Naegleria fowleri FREE-LIVING TROPH
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1-20. Life cycle of Endolima
Page 25 and 26: COMMON NAME: None. ORGANISM 7 -- Io
Page 27 and 28: 1-9. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Section II
Page 29 and 30: Figure 1-27. Life cycle of Giardia
Page 31 and 32: Giardia lamblia CYST SIZE: 8 to 14
Page 33 and 34: Chilomastix mesnili TROPHOZOITE SIZ
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1-34. Life cycle of Trichomo
Page 37 and 38: ORGANISM 4 -- Dientamoeba fragilis
Page 39 and 40: ORGANISM 5 -- Retortamonas intestin
Page 41 and 42: ORGANISM 6 -- Enteromonas hominis (
Page 43 and 44: 1-11. BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES
Page 45 and 46: PROMASTIGOTE Found in the mid gut o
Page 47 and 48: ORGANISM 1 -- Leishmania species GE
Page 49 and 50: Figure 1-48. Life cycle of Leishman
Page 51 and 52: Figure 1-50. Life cycle of Trypanos
Page 53 and 54: ORGANISM 3 -- Trypanosoma cruzi GEN
Page 55 and 56: SHAPE: "C" and "U" form. KINETOPLAS
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4. The most easily recognized struc
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12. Cytoplasm in the trophozoite st
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 1 1.
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LESSON 2 PHYLUM PROTOZOO: CILIATA,
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Balantidium coli TROPHOZOITE SIZE:
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Babesia Figure 2-6. Life cycle of B
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2-7. GENERAL COMMENTS Section III.
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Figure 2-9. Life cycle of Isospora
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ORGANISM 2--Eimeria species PARASIT
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SIZE: 2 to 4 µ. SHAPE: Spherical.
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Toxoplasma gondii TACHYZOITES ACUTE
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Figure 2-19. Life cycle of Sarcocys
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COMMON NAME: None. ORGANISM 6--Pneu
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TROPHOZOITE SIZE: 2 to 4 µ. SHAPE:
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Plasmodium GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIO
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Figure 2-26. Correlation of the fev
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Plasmodium species GROWING TROPHOZO
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Plasmodium species MATURE TROPHOZOI
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Plasmodium species MATURE SCHIZONT
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Plasmodium species GAMETOCYTES DIFF
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2-12. THICK DROP PREPARATION See fi
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EXERCISES, LESSON 2 INSTRUCTIONS: A
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8. Hemozoin pigment in the schizont
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16. In the life cycle of malarial p
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3-1. GENERAL COMMENTS LESSON 3 PHYL
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Figure 3-1. External fluke structur
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Figure 3-3. Osmoregulatory system o
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Figure 3-5. Digestive system of a f
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Figure 3-7. Reproductive system of
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Figure 3-9. Larval stages of flukes
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3-7. COMMON PARASITES OF CLASS TREM
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Schistosoma japonicum OVA SIZE: 90
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COMMON NAME: Manson's blood fluke.
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Schistosoma mansoni OVA SIZE: 155 x
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Figure 3-17. Life cycle of Schistos
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COMMON NAME: Lung fluke. ORGANISM 4
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Paragonimus westerman OVA SIZE: 95
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Figure 3-23. Life cycle of Opisthor
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ORGANISM 6--Opisthorchis species--O
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O. viverrini and O. felineus OVA SI
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Figure 3-29. Life cycle of Dicrocoe
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COMMON NAME: Sheep liver fluke. ORG
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Fasciola hepatica OVA SIZE: 140 x 8
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Figure 3-35. Life cycle of Fasciolo
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COMMON NAME: Small intestinal fluke
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Metagonimus yokogawai OVA SIZE: 30
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Figure 3-41. Life cycle of Heteroph
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COMMON NAME: Colonic fluke. ORGANIS
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Gastrodiscoides hominis OVA SIZE--1
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Figure 3-47. Life cycle of Echinost
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3-8. GENERAL COMMENTS Section III.
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Figure 3-50. Examples of Cestoda ov
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3-10. COMMON PARASITES OF CLASS CES
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Diphyllobothrium latum OVA SIZE: 45
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Figure 3-55. Life cycle of Spiromet
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Figure 3-58. Life cycle of Taeniarh
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COMMON NAME: Pork tapeworm. ORGANIS
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SIZE: 30 to 40 µ (small to medium)
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Figure 3-64. Life cycle of Hymenole
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COMMON NAME: Rat tapeworm. ORGANISM
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Hymenolepis diminuta OVA SIZE: abou
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Figure 3-70. Life cycle of Dipylidi
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ORGANISM 8--Echinococcus granulosus
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Echinococcus granulosus OVA SIZE: 3
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ORGANISM 9--Echinococcus multilocul
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Echinococcus multilocularis OVA SIZ
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CHARACTERISTIC OF E. multilocularis
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4. If you recover a scolex which is
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12. Which of the following terms is
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20. Hogs and the Napu mouse deer ar
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 4 Phylum A
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Figure 4-1. Typical nematode. MD084
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a.. Intestinal Nematodes. See figur
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Ascaris lumbricoides OVA DECORTICAT
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COMMON NAME: Whipworm. ORGANISM 2:
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Trichuris trichiura OVA SIZE: 20 x
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Figure 4-10. Life cycle of Enterobi
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COMMON NAME: None. ORGANISM 4: Tric
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Trichostrongylus species OVA SIZE:
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Figure 4-16. Life cycle of Capillar
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ORGANISM 6: Ancylostoma duodenale G
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Ancylostoma duodenale OVA SIZE: 40
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ORGANISM 7: Necator americanus GENE
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Necator americanus OVA Same as A. d
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COMMON NAME: Threadworm. ORGANISM 8
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Strongyloides stercoralis OVA Rarel
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Figure 4-28. Life cycle of Toxocara
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ORGANISM 2: Ancylostoma species GEN
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OVA AND LARVAE Seen in feces of inf
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Capillaria hepatica OVA SIZE: 30 x
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Figure 4-37. Life cycle of Trichine
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COMMON NAME: Guinea worm. ORGANISM
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Dracunculus medinensis ADULT SIZE M
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ORGANISM 1: Wuchereria bancrofti GE
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Wuchereria bancrofti MICROFILARIA S
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Figure 4-47. Life cycle of Brugia m
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COMMON NAME: Eyeworm. GEOGRAPHICAL
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Loa loa MICROFILARIA SIZE: 250 to 3
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Figure 4-53. Life cycle of Mansonel
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ORGANISM 5: Mansonella perstans GEN
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Mansonella perstans MICROFILARIA SI
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Figure 4-59. Life cycle of Mansonel
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ORGANISM 7: Onchocerca volvulus GEN
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Onchocerca volvulus MICROFILARIA SI
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Figure 4-65. Life cycle of Dirofila
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A group of non-patent Dirofilariae.
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4-4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Section II
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Figure 4-72. Life cycle of Macracan
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4-6 GENERAL COMMENTS Section III. A
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Figure 4-76. Examples of common art
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Figure 4-78. Examples of common art
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4. Which of the following statement
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12. The definitive host of Dirofila
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20. What specimen would you obtain
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APPENDIX A Clinical Manifestations
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MD0842 A-3
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MD0842 A-5
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MD0842 A-7
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MD0842 A-9
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End of Appendix A MD0842 A-11
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Lennette, Edwin, et. al. Manual of
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PLASMODIUM VIVAX PLATE 1 LEGEND 1.
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PLASMODIUM OVALE PLATE 2 LEGEND 1.
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PLASMODIUM MALARIAE PLATE 3 LEGEND
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PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM PLATE 4 LEGEN
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PARASITOLOGY II - Modern Prepper

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