Technical and Regulatory Guidance for In Situ Chemical ... - ITRC

ITRC – Technical and Regulatory Guidance for In Situ Chemical June 2001
Oxidation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater
concerns, see Section 3, “Health and Safety Issues.”
Table 1-1 provides some considerations for in situ treatment. Site-specific information is needed for
field application.
TABLE 1 -1
Considerations for In Situ Treatment With ISCO
Treatable Compounds: Chlorinated alkenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and petroleum products.
Not effective for chlorinated alkanes and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and Other Reduced Species: Any reduced species in the system can
exert a demand for oxidant. Of particular importance are NOM, anthropogenic organic
matter, and reduced inorganics.
Permeability: Prefer high permeability, but feasible for low permeability with use of advanced
oxidant delivery techniques, such as deep soil mixing and soil fracturing.
Depth of Application: With use of the advanced delivery techniques, depth is generally not a
limitation.
Potential Detrimental Effects: Gas evolution, toxic byproducts, resolubilization of metals and
reduction of biomass.
Other factors: Optimal pH and degradation characteristics for each oxidant are as follows:
Fenton’s Reagent Permanganate Ozone
pH Prefer low pH of 2 to Prefer neutral pH of 7 Effective at natural
4, but feasible up to to 8, but effective over soil pH.
near neutral pH. a wide range.
Degradation Easily degraded in The oxidant is very Ozone degradation in
contact with stable. soils is limited.
soil/groundwater.
2.0 REMEDIAL INVES TIGATION AND FEAS IBILITY S TUDIES
A site must be thoroughly characterized in order to design and implement ISCO. The physical setting
and the site’s regulatory constraints must be accounted for before this technology can be considered
feasible. Important features of the physical setting include topography, structures at the surface,
underground utilities and structures, surface water features, and ecological resources. All sources of
exist ing information should be researched including permits and radiation licenses, operating
records, waste disposal records, interviews, site reconnaissance maps and aerial photographs, and
previous reports. This existing information may need to be enhanced by acquiring and properly
analyzing additional site-specific data needed to develop an appropriate design. A Sampling and
Analysis Plan based on specific Data Quality Objectives should be developed for each site.
2.1 Specific Geologic and Chemical Data Needs
Sit e sp ecific geochemical data are required to estimate chemical dosage, to establish a baseline
condition prior to treatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in soil and/or groundwater.
A baseline condition should be established for measurement of initial contaminant concentrations
and other indicator parameters prior to treatment in soil and groundwater. For chemical oxidation
technologies of interest in this document, Table 2-1 lists parameters that should be measured. Note
that ordering of the parameters does not imply any ranking.
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