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The achievement of Australia's Indigenous students in PISA ... - ACER

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Reader’s Guide<br />

How to read the mean and distribution graphs<br />

Each country’s or student group’s results are represented <strong>in</strong> horizontal bars with various colours.<br />

On the left end <strong>of</strong> the bar is the 5th percentile – this is the score below which 5 per cent <strong>of</strong> the<br />

<strong>students</strong> have scored. <strong>The</strong> next two l<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong>dicate the 10th percentile and the 25th percentile.<br />

<strong>The</strong> next l<strong>in</strong>e at the left <strong>of</strong> the white band is the lower limit <strong>of</strong> the confidence <strong>in</strong>terval for the<br />

mean – i.e. we are confident that the mean will lie <strong>in</strong> this white band. <strong>The</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> the centre <strong>of</strong> the<br />

white band is the mean. <strong>The</strong> l<strong>in</strong>es to the right <strong>of</strong> the white band <strong>in</strong>dicate the 75th, 90th and 95th<br />

percentile.<br />

10th<br />

percentile<br />

Confidence<br />

<strong>in</strong>terval<br />

90th<br />

percentile<br />

5th<br />

percentile<br />

25th<br />

percentile<br />

Mean<br />

75th<br />

percentile<br />

95th<br />

percentile<br />

Def<strong>in</strong>itions <strong>of</strong> background characteristics<br />

A number <strong>of</strong> different background characteristics are referred to <strong>in</strong> this report. <strong>The</strong> def<strong>in</strong>itions <strong>of</strong><br />

some <strong>of</strong> these are particular to the Australian context, while others are standard across different<br />

countries or with<strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>ternational context. This section provides an explanation for those that are<br />

not self-evident.<br />

<strong>Indigenous</strong> status:<br />

Socioeconomic<br />

background:<br />

<strong>Indigenous</strong> status is based on <strong>students</strong>’ self-identification as be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

Australian Aborig<strong>in</strong>al or Torres Strait Islander descent. For the purposes<br />

<strong>of</strong> this report, data for the two groups are presented together with the<br />

descriptor, <strong>Indigenous</strong> Australian <strong>students</strong>.<br />

Two measures are used by the OECD to represent elements <strong>of</strong><br />

socioeconomic background. One is the highest level <strong>of</strong> the father’s and<br />

mother’s occupation (known as HISEI), which is coded <strong>in</strong> accordance<br />

with the International Standard Classification <strong>of</strong> Occupations. <strong>The</strong> other<br />

measure is the <strong>in</strong>dex <strong>of</strong> economic, social and cultural status (ESCS),<br />

which was created to capture the wider aspects <strong>of</strong> a student’s family and<br />

home background. <strong>The</strong> ESCS <strong>in</strong>dex is based on <strong>students</strong>’ reports <strong>of</strong> their<br />

parents’ occupations; the highest level <strong>of</strong> education <strong>of</strong> the father and<br />

mother converted <strong>in</strong>to years <strong>of</strong> school<strong>in</strong>g; the number <strong>of</strong> books <strong>in</strong> the<br />

home; and access to home educational and cultural resources.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>achievement</strong> <strong>of</strong> Australia’s <strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>students</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>PISA</strong> 2000 – 2006<br />

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