DISEASE PROBLEMS IN FISH FARMING - SOI-Asia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Estimated annual losses in income due to diseases Table of contents - 1 1. Principal fish species for farming in Japan 2. Principal diseases of farmed fish A. Viral diseases B. Bacterial diseases C. Fungal diseases D. Parasitic diseases Virus family Birnavirus Rhabdovirus Nodavirus Retrovirus () Togavirus () 2-A. Principal viral pathogens of fish -1 RNA virus * No reports in Japan Disease infectious pancreatic necrosis yellowtail ascites infectious hematopoietic necrosis Hirame rhabdoviral disease viral hemorrhagic septicemia * spring viremia of carp * viral nervous necrosis viral whirling disease erythrocytic inclusion body synd. Pathogen IPNV MBV IHNV HIRRV VHS SVC VNNV VWD EIBSV salmonids amberjack flounder salmonids cyprinids Host salmonids most marine fishes coho salmon coho salmon Virus family Iridovirus Herpesvirus Adenovirus() Unknown 2-A. Principal viral pathogens of fish - 2 DNA virus * No reports in Japan Disease lymphocystis disease viral erythrocytic necrosis red sea bream iridoviral disease epizootic hematopoietic necrosis * Oncorhynchus masou virus disease = Salmonid herpesvirus type 2 dis. viral epidermal hyperplasia viral papilloma of carp channel catfish virus disease * viral endothelial cell necrosis of eel kuchijirosho (snout ulcer disease) Pathogen LCDV-2 VENV RSIV EHNV OMV SaHV-2 VEHV CyHV-1 CCHV most marine fishes salmonids parch salmonids flounder carp catfish Host most marine fishes Japanese eel tiger puffer Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) - 1 IPN is a viral disease principally associated with salmonids. IPNV and IPN-like virus have been isolated from many kinds of freshwater and marine fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. IPN occurs in North America, Europe, <strong>Asia</strong> (Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan,and Thailand), South Africa, New Zealand, and Chile. In salmonids, acute infection occur in one- to four month-old-fish. Fish swim rotating about the long axis or whirling violently. Clinical signs include dark pigmentation, exophthalmia, abdominal distension, mucoid fecal casts, and hemorrhages on the body (A). Marked pathological changes occur in the pancreatic tissues (B). Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) - 2 IPNV is the first fish virus to be grown in vitro. Wolf and Quimby (1962) developed methods for culturing the fish cells, initiated the RTG-2 cell line (A), and noted its susceptibility to IPNV (B). In RTG-2 cells, CPE becomes apparent within 48 hours at 20. The identifying features of the IPNV plaques are a reticulum of elongated, shrunken dead cells, and coarsely stellate margins from which living cells radiate inward (Wolf and Quimby, 1973) A B A B
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) - 3 Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) - 4 Negatively stained IPN virion shows a typical hexagonal profile. (A) The diameter is variously given as 55 to 75 nm. IPNV is a nonenveloped icosahedron with a single capsid containing 92 capsomeres. IPNV has two species of RNA, and it has an RNA-dependent polymerase that catalyzes synthesis of single-stranded RNA from the double- IPNV belongs to the family Birnaviridae. (B) Fig. Characteristic patterns of morphological changes in RTG-2 cells due to CPE of representative fish viruses., IPNV, IHNV, and salmonid herpesvirus. Reprinted from Sano (2000): A Technical Manual of Fish Virus Examination. Fisheries and Aquacultuere International Co. Ltd., Tokyo, p. 42. 1) Normal, 2) IPNV, 3) IHNV, 4) Salmonid herpesvirus A B Spring viremia of carp (SVC) The name of SVC was used to distinguish the viral infection from the IDC complex (Fijan et al. , 1971). IDC had been known in pond-cultured carp in Europe since early 20th cent. SVC occurs in Europe and China. (not in Japan) Diseased fish have a distended abdomen and show exophthalmia and petechiation of skin. (fig. A) Petechiation is evident in the heart, liver, kidney, intestine, peritoneum, swim bladder, and skeletal muscle. (B) Rhavdovirus carpio, or SVCV, is typically bullet shaped, 60 to 90 nm wide and 90 to 180 nm long. (fig. C) The CPE begins as focal areas of cell rounding and sheet contraction. (fig. D) A B C D Viral epidermal hyperplasia (VEH) VEH causes mortalities in hatcheryreared larvae of Japanese flounder (Iida et al., 1989; Miyazaki et al., 1989). (Fig.A) The affected fish showed epidermal hyperplasia on the fins (fig. B) and skin with vacuolar degeneration of the Marpighian cells, and necrosis in advanced stages of the infection (Iida et al., 1991). Although the causative virus ( flounder herpesvirus (FHV) ) has not been isolated in cultured cells, FAT using a rabbit antiserum against purified virus (fig. C) has been used for diagnosis (Nakai et al., 1991). A B C D 2-B. Principal bacterial pathogens of fish Gram-negative bacteria - 1 Pathogen Flavobacterium group Flavobacterium columnare Flavobacterium psychrophilum Flavobacterium branchiophilum Tenacibaculam matitimum Pseudomonadaceae Pseudomonas anguilliseptica Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Aeromonadaceae Aeromonas hydrophila Aeromonas salmonicida marine gliding bacterial d. red spot disease (Sekiten-byo) bacterial hemorhagic ascites motile aeromonad septicemia furunculosis Disease columnaris disease bacterial coldwater disease bacterial gill disease most freshwater f. salmonids, etc. salmonids & ayu most marine fishes eel & marine fishes ayu Host most freshwater f. salmonids, etc. 2-B. Principal bacterial pathogens of fish Gram-negative bacteria - 2 Vibrio ordali Pathogen Vibrionaceae Vibrio anguillarum Vibrio ichthyoenteri Photobacterium damselae subsp. pisicida Enterobacteiaceae Edwardsiella tarda Edwardsiella ictaluri * Yersinia ruckeri * Rickettia Piscirickettsia salmonis * vibriosis vibriosis Disease Intestinal necrosis edwardsiellosis enteric septicemia of catfish enteric redmouth salmonid rickettial septicemia most marine fishes most marine fishes Japanese flounder various marine fishes freshwater & marine f. channel catfish, etc. salmonids salmonids Host
Page 1: DISEASE PROBLEMS IN FISH FARMING Hi
Page 5 and 6: Saprolegniasis Saprolegniasis is ca
Page 7 and 8: B. Chemotherapy - 2 A list of drugs
Page 9: The Fishery Resources Conservation

DISEASE PROBLEMS IN FISH FARMING - SOI-Asia

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?