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Dr.K.C.DAS 

HEAD 

PG Dept. of Library & Inf. Science 

Utkal University, Vani Vihar,Bhubaneswar

There is potential for a lot of confusion 

surrounding the definition of cloud 

computing. In its basic conceptual 

form, cloud computing involves five 

primary fundamentals: 

shared resources, 

on-demand, 

elasticity, 

networked access, and 

usage-based 

metering. 

Dr. K. C. Das HOD, PG Dept. of Lib 

& Inf.Sc., Utkal 

University,Bhubaneswar 17 April 2013 

2

Shared resources are the shared pool of IT resources, 

such as applications, processors, storage and 

databases. 

On-Demand allows users to call up resource from the 

cloud and use them as needed. When the user is 

finished with the resources they release them in a 

self-service fashion. 

Elasticity, or flexibility that includes scalability, 

allows the cloud to be dynamic to the users demands 

allowing the cloud to satisfy peak demands and then 

release resources when demand subsides. 

Networked access allows the cloud to be accessible 

widely, primarily though the internet. 

Lastly, the usage-based metering allows users of the 

cloud to pay for the services when needed and used 

and to release them when they are no longer need, 

resulting in many benefits including cost and storage 

efficiency. 




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The foundation of cloud computing is 

virtualization .Virtualization is the consolidation 

of servers and environment management. 

Cloud Computing can be defined as “A model for 

enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand 

network access to a shared pool of configurable 

computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, 

storage, applications, and services) that can be 

rapidly provisioned and released with minimal 

management effort or service provider 

interaction.” 



University,Bhubaneswar 

17 April 2013 4

- the Fifth Generation of Computing 

(after Mainframe, Personal Computer, 

Client-Server Computing, and the web) 

- the biggest thing since the web 




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DACUN 

Library 

Committee 

"Cloud Computing," to put it simply, means 

"Internet Computing." The Internet is 

commonly visualized as clouds; hence the 

term “cloud computing” for computation 

done through the Internet. With Cloud 

Computing users can access database 

resources via the Internet from anywhere, for 

as long as they need, without worrying about 

any maintenance or management of actual 

resources. 

http://dotnetslackers.com/articles/sql/Introduction-to-Cloud- 

Computing.aspx 




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DACUN 

Library 

Committee 

“Cloud computing is 

Internet-based 

computing, whereby 

shared resources, 

software, and 

information are 

provided to 

computers and other 

devices on demand 

through the Internet” 




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Ellyssa Kroski 

Library Journal, 

09/10/2009 

Ellyssa Kroski -- 

Library Journal, 

09/10/2009 

“… means using Web 

services for our 

computing needs 

which could include 

using software 

applications, storing 

data, accessing 

computing power, or 

using a platform to 

build applications. “ 




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Cloud computing is a 

general term for anything 

that involves delivering 

hosted services over the 

Internet. 

These services are broadly 

divided into three categories: 

Infrastructure-as-a-Service 

(IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service 

(PaaS) and 

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). 




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McKinsey: 

“Clouds are hardwarebased 

services offering 

compute, network and 

storage capacity where: 

Hardware management is 

highly abstracted from 

the buyer, Buyers incur 

infrastructure costs as 

variable OPEX 

(operational expenditure), 

and 

Infrastructure capacity is 

highly elastic” 




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“…is a model for enabling 

convenient, on-demand 

network access to a 

shared pool of 

configurable computing 

resources (for ex., 

networks, servers, storage, 

applications, and services) 

that can be rapidly 

provisioned and released with 

minimal management effort 

or service provider 

interaction.“ 

Source: National Institute of Standards and 

Technology 

(NIST) 

Dr. K. C. Das HOD, PG Dept. of Lib & Inf.Sc., 

17 April 2013 Utkal University,Bhubaneswar 

12

FZI (Jens Nimis): 

”Building on compute and 

storage virtualization, 

cloud computing provides 

scalable, network-centric, 

abstracted IT 

infrastructure, platforms, 

and applications as ondemand 

services that are 

billed by consumption.” 




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Source: IDC October 2008 




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‣ it is delivered over a telecommunications network 

‣ users place reliance on the service for data 

access and/or data processing 

‣ the data is under the legal control of the user 

‣ some of the resources on which the service 

depends are virtualised, i.e. the user doesn’t 

need any technical awareness about which server 

is running or which host is delivering the service, 

nor where the hosting device is located the 

service is acquired under a relatively flexible 

contractual arrangement 




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On-demand self-service (i.e. automated 

response by servers to direct requests by clients) 

Broad network access (i.e. from anywhere, using 

any device) 

Resource pooling (i.e. the provider allocates 

resources according to demand, rather than 

assigning resources to particular clients) 

Rapid elasticity (i.e. resources are scalable 

according to demand) 

Measured service (i.e. resource usage is 

metered) 




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Software as a Service (SaaS) 

Platform as a Service (PaaS) 

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 




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The applications are accessible from various 

client devices through a thin client interface 

such as a web browser (e.g., web-based 

email). 

The user does not manage or control the 

underlying cloud infrastructure including 

network, servers, operating systems, storage, 

or even individual application capabilities, 

with the possible exception of limited userspecific 

application configuration settings. 




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PaaS provides an application platform, or 

middleware, as a service on which developers 

can build and deploy custom applications. 

Common solutions provided in this tier range 

from APIs and tools to database and business 

process management systems to security 

integration, allowing developers to build 

applications and run them on the 

infrastructure that the cloud vendor owns and 

maintains. 




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It is the capability provided to the user to 

enable processing, storage, networks, and 

other fundamental computing resources 

where the user is able to deploy and run 

arbitrary software, which can include 

operating systems and applications. The user 

does not manage or control the underlying 

cloud infrastructure but has control over 

operating systems, storage, deployed 

applications, and possibly limited control of 

select networking components. 




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Public clouds computing environment are 

open for use to anyone who wants to sign 

up and use them. These are run by vendors 

and applications from different customers 

are likely to be mixed together on the 

cloud’s servers, storage systems, and 

networks. 

Examples of a public cloud: Amazon Web 

Services and Google's AppEngine 

Source: Wikipedia 

Dr. K. C. Das HOD, PG Dept. of Lib & Inf.Sc., 

17 April 2013 Utkal University,Bhubaneswar 

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A private cloud is 

basically an organization 

that needs more control 

over their data than they 

can get by using a 

vendor hosted service. 

A hybrid cloud combine 

both public and private 

cloud models. 




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Google 

Cordys 

Microsoft 

Amazon 

Force.com 

MOSSO 

IBM 




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1. Assured maximum availability of your data, application 

and infrastructure 

2. Need to pay only for what has been used (i.e. Bandwidth, 

Resources) 

3. Relieves burden of IT staff within organization, as routine 

jobs are being handled by service providers 

4. Easily scalable as per requirement of organization 

Another benefit of cloud computing is that it addresses 

resource management in profoundly better ways. Through 

a cloud computing environment users can save and 

eliminate cost in services, personnel, and IT infrastructure. 

 

Reducing cost is one of the major attractions to cloud 

computing. Lastly, the new resources requested by a user 

can be delivered much faster. 

General disadvantages of cloud are dependency upon 

network connectivity, security, legal issues(ownership of 

data), latency etc. which needs to be carefully reviewed. 




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Most common library services can be scoped in 

to following three categories. 

Data: Bibliographic, Technical, Access, 

Licence 

Content: Collection, Subscription, Digital, 

Print, Publishing. 

Services: Library as a place, content-access, 

content-creation, research, preservation 




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There are very few libraries which are having 

IT support staff with expertise on advance IT 

management. This situation makes SaaS, PaaS 

or IaaS approach tempting to move towards 

cloud computing for providing better library 

services. 




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Libraries have been adopting cloud-based 

solutions services like electronic journal 

access management, statistics tracking, 

digital library hosting and now trend is 

coming up for hosted library management 

systems. 




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The use of SaaS in libraries dates back to early 

2000 with the establishment of companies like 

Serials Solutions (http://serialssolutions.com). 

There are also examples of availability of hosting 

platforms like INFLIBNET’s OJAS (Open Journal 

Academic System) available at 

http:/www.inflibnet.ac.in/ojs/, For Institutional 

repositories there is http://duracloud.org/, for 

open publishing http://www.biomedcentral.com/ 

is a well-known platform. 




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In the IaaS, one of the pioneer i.e Amazon Elastic 

Computing Cloud (EC2) offers IT infrastructure 

with differently sized servers using a choice of 

operating systems, including several flavours of 

Linux and Windows. 

EC2 provides organizations with unlimited 

storage using Simple Storage Service(S3), the 

ability to take snapshots of both data and 

servers, and the ability to include EC2 servers in 

an organization’s private network. A full 

catalogue of EC2 features is available on the EC2 

website (http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/). 




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By using cloud technologies, library services 

can be made online without worrying about 

correct versions of platforms or the 

underlying technology. 

It also gives facility to induce new 

applications quickly without having to focus 

on identifying available server space or 

configuration and IT-based library services 

can be delivered much more quickly than 

when using locally-based hardware or 

software. 




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Cloud computing reduce energy 

consumption significantly. The 1000 plus US 

government data centers, for example, were consuming 6 

billion kWh of energy in 2006, and if left unchecked, the 

consumption can be more than double by 2013. 

Cloud computing involves centralizing the 

computing resources on the Internet (the 

cloud) and making these available to those 

who need it, when needed. Because the 

resources are shared by many, capacity utilization 

goes up. And modern developments like 

virtualization can make the same resources 

available to multiple users "simultaneously," thus 

reducing the need for physical resources even 

further. 




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At the micro level, enterprises that used 

cloud computing services are freed of 

worrying about the technological issues 

related to IT installations. They can replace their 

complex installations of servers, workstations, networking 

and numerous applications with simple workstation 

computers and fast Internet connectivity. The cloud service 

providers will attend to the infrastructure, platforms and even 

applications needed by the enterprises. 

Cloud computing resources are available 

immediately as soon as the agreement with 

the service provider is executed. Under the 

utility model of service provision, users are charged only for 

what they use, for the memory, CPU, data transfer, I/O 

requests, storage space and so on. As the business expands, 

the enterprises can seamlessly expand their computing 

capacities. 




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Universities can open their technology 

infrastructures to businesses and industries for 

research advancements; 

The efficiencies of cloud computing can help 

universities keep pace with ever-growing 

resource requirements and energy cost; 

The extended reach of cloud computing 

enables institutions to teach students in new, 

different ways and help them manage projects 

and massive workloads; and 

When students enter the global workforce they 

will better understand the value of new 

technologies. 




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Cloud computing has brought us a new 

perspective to look at the current resourcesharing 

problem, cloud computing can be 

applied to digital library resources to improve 

information sharing capabilities, improve 

resource utilization. 




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“Cloud computing” is 

emerging as a 

relevant computing 

paradigm aiming to 

be the technology 

that will mark the 

difference between 

Web2.0 

and 

Web3.0. 




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Software as a 

Subscription 

Reduced Software 

Maintenance 

Increased 

Reliability 

Increased 

Scalability 




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Cost Reduction 

Environmentally Friendly 

Matches Current 

Computing Trends 

Portability/Accessibility 

Efficient Use of Computer 

Resources 

Versionless Software 




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Cost savings 

Flexibility and innovation 

Broad, general IT skills vs. deep, 

specialized skills 

Cloud OPAC and Cloud ILS 

Private clouds, hybrid clouds and 

community clouds 




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Companies have to pick and choose and be 

careful with what data they allow to be out 

there in a cloud. 

Cloud computing can be a useful resource to 

help companies save money but can also have 

downfalls. 

The average citizen doesn't want their 

personal information unprotected and 

available. 

As companies perfect their cloud computing 

services, I think that more companies will be 

open to using these services. This service will 

provide new inventive ways to use computers 

and provide services. 




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Companies have to pick and choose and be 

careful with what data they allow to be out there in a 

cloud. Cloud computing can be a useful resource to 

help companies save money but can also have 

downfalls. The average citizen doesn't want their 

personal information unprotected and available. As 

companies perfect their cloud computing services, I 

think that more companies will be open to using 

these services. This service will provide new inventive 

ways to use computers and provide services 




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Thanks for Patience 




17 April 2013 45

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