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Volume III Chapter ONE • The percentages of employment in the universities and constituent colleges of the Kikuyu, Luhya, Kalenjin, Luo, Kisii, Embu, Kenyan Europeans, Kenyan Asians, Nubi and Taita communities are higher than their national population ratio (as per the 2009 population census). • Some of the differences such as that of the Embu community are however negligible (0.13 percent) while others such as that of the Kikuyu community is significant . • The communities whose representation in the universities’ employment is less than their population ratio include the Somali (with the highest underrepresentation, at six percent), the Kamba, Mijikenda, Turkana and Maasai. • There is a notable lack of some ethnic groups such as the Tharaka, Gabbra, Orma, Burji, Gosha, Dasnach and Njemps, among others. • In the public universities and constituent colleges, the five largest communities - the Kikuyu, Luhya, Kalenjin, Luo and Kamba who together make up about 66% of the Kenyan population constitute over 81 percent of the total workforce. This severs opportunities to enhance the face of Kenya in these institutions thus excluding the other more than 37 ethnic communities. For example, in the six public universities analysed, the representation of the five big communities is over 86 percent. • most of the staff in the public universities and constituent colleges come from the communities within which the institutions are located • The spread of universities in Kenya excludes the northern part of the country with most of them located within Nairobi and its environs. • Kenyans seem to perceive the university as a job creation enterprise for the community within which the university is located. It may be in this perspective that some regions agitate for the establishment of public universities in their areas. The perception that ethnic representation in government results in direct economic and other benefits to the represented community is pervasive in Kenya. While the Commission acquired evidence that such benefits do not necessarily accrue to those communities who are represented - even in the highest offices of the land - the perception that they do leads to intense competition for such representation, and thus increases the likelihood of violence during election. 32 REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION
Volume III Chapter ONE Table 3: Ethnic Composition of Employees in Higher Education in Kenya Community Number Percentages Population Ratio % Kikuyu 4133 27.6 17.7 Luhyia 2544 17.0 14.2 Kalenjin 2133 14.2 13.3 Luo 2086 13.9 10.8 Kisii 1253 8.4 5.6 Kamba 1041 6.9 10.4 Meru 644 4.3 4.4 Mijikenda 329 2.2 5.2 Taita 196 1.3 0.7 Embu 154 1.0 0.9 Others 87 0.6 - Teso 60 0.4 0.9 Maasai 57 0.4 2.2 Somali 55 0.4 6.4 Borana 29 0.2 0.4 Mbeere 25 0.2 0.4 Turkana 23 0.2 2.6 Kuria 22 0.2 0.7 Suba 20 0.1 0.4 Other Africans 18 0.1 - Asian 18 0.1 0.1 Samburu 17 0.1 0.6 Arab 14 0.1 0.1 Swahili 22 0.2 0.3 Nubi 4 0.03 - Taveta 4 0.03 0.1 European 6 0.04 0.01 American 2 0.01 - 14996 100 100 Source: NCIC Brief on Ethnic diversity of public universities in Kenya (2012) REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION 33
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