The complete history of the development of The - The Linde Group

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28 1905 1906 1907 The Simplon Tunnel, the world’s longest mountain tunnel at 19.6 kilometers, is completed. A look inside the engineering office in Höllriegelskreuth (1910), where additional uses for the air liquefaction process (rectification) were being tested at the time. San Francisco is almost completely destroyed by fire and earthquakes. N o 0112 Process for the production of so-called Linde Air – oxygen and nitrogen in a ratio of 50:50.
At first it looked as if “Linde Air” would have a market with a strong future, mainly in the chemical industry. “Linde Air” also appeared to promise sales opportunities for use as an explosive. Test blasts during the construction of the Swiss Simplon Tunnel strengthened this hope. But this activity was ceased after the First World War. Increasing demand for pure oxygen The industry’s demand for oxygen-rich gas mixtures quickly fell. The demand for pure oxygen on the other hand grew by leaps and bounds because autogenous (gas) welding and cutting processes began to take hold in metal working. In order not to lose his connection to this very promising market, von Linde intensified his search for a new method of separating out pure oxygen. He finally convinced his son Friedrich and chemistry professor Hempel to try “rectification.” This was a method of separating alcohol and water that had been long practiced in the field of chemistry: The fermented mash was heated until the alcohol evaporated. Heat was removed from the alcohol vapor by water cooling so that it could be condensed (rectification process) and captured as a liquid. Technological breakthrough Carl von Linde and his employees set in motion a comparable process, letting liquid air trickle down into to rectification column, while the oxygen vapor provided a countercurrent. This continuous process of liquefaction and evaporation produced nearly pure oxygen. At the suggestion of Prof. Hempel, the first rectification column consisted of a steel tube filled with glass beads. This heavy apparatus with a long cool-down period was soon replaced with a lighter version with holes in the bottom instead of glass beads. Von Linde and his employees combined the liquefaction 1908 1909 Hans Köppen of Germany wins the international “Around the World” auto race from New York to Paris in 165 days. The Linde plant facilities in Höllriegelskreuth in 1909 (top) and 1929 (bottom). and separation units into one unit. “This opened up the road by which low-temperature technology finally found success in industry,” wrote von Linde on this sensational breakthrough. One of the first production plants, which was used to generate gas for many years, went into operation in Höllriegelskreuth, near Munich, in 1903. Nitrogen production The publication of this new process in 1902 not only attracted a number of imitators to the scene, but also aroused the interest of the chemical industry in pure nitrogen. Nitrogen compounds (calcium cyanamide, ammonia) were gaining increasing importance as fertilizers. In a modified rectification process, the team in Höllriegelskreuth achieved nitrogen purification as well in 1903. Linde sold the first such plant to an Italian customer in 1905. And by 1910 the team, under the direction of Friedrich Linde and Rudolf Wucherer, had developed a “two-column apparatus,” which delivered pure oxygen and pure nitrogen at the same time at a low cost. German chemist Fritz Hofmann successfully produces synthetic rubber. 29
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Page 4 and 5: 2 Inventive spirit and innovation a
Page 6 and 7: 4 1880 1900 1920 1940 Idea N o 0001
Page 8 and 9: 1879 Idea N o 0001 - 0060 1879 -189
Page 10 and 11: 1881 Assassination of Russian Czar
Page 12 and 13: N o 0006 Improved gland design. Fir
Page 14 and 15: Carl von Linde - gifted engineer an
Page 16 and 17: 14 N o 0023 Device for the producti
Page 18 and 19: 16 N o 0032 First man-made ice rink
Page 20 and 21: 18 1888 N o 0037 Process and device
Page 22 and 23: Dr.-Ing. E.h. Friedrich Schipper (1
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Page 26 and 27: 24 1896 1897 The first modern Olymp
Page 28 and 29: 1900 1901 1902 First dirigible flig
Page 32 and 33: Dr. phil. Friedrich Linde (1870-196
Page 34 and 35: 32 Untermaubach oxygen plant (west
Page 36 and 37: 1919 1920 1921 Treaty of Versailles
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Page 40 and 41: The Linde Company was surrounded fr
Page 42 and 43: 1934 Idea N o 0770 - 2289 1935 - 19
Page 44 and 45: 42 N o 0875 Process for the melting
Page 46 and 47: 1941 1942 Japanese attack on Pearl
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Page 50 and 51: 48 1949 1950 Federal Republic of Ge
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Page 54 and 55: 1956 1957 First telephone cable bet
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Page 58 and 59: N o 1588 The use of continuous hydr
Page 60 and 61: 58 N o 2064 Special fixation of the
Page 62 and 63: 1971 1972 German Chancellor Willy B
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Page 66 and 67: 64 • The business segments should
Page 68 and 69: 66 1980 Beginning of the Iran-Iraq
Page 70 and 71: 68 1982 Falkland War between Argent
Page 72 and 73: 70 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes G
Page 74 and 75: 72 1988 The USSR and the USA agree
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Page 78 and 79: 76 1993 N o 4851 Linde process of n
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78 In 1980, at Meinhardt’s reques
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80 1998 1999 Gerhard Schröder (SPD
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Gerhard Full (born in 1936) Gerhard
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Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Reitzle (born in
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125 Years of Linde AG Milestones 18
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88 Imprint Publisher Linde AG Abrah
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The complete history of the development of The - The Linde Group

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