Neurotic disorders

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Serf-harm (suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and parasuicide) Table 61 Prevalence of self-harm • byprisonertypeandsex:youngoffenderscomparedwithallprisoners Remand Sentenced All remand Allsentenced youngoffenders youngoffenders prisoners* pdseners* Male Cumulativepercentageof thepopulation Hadsuicidalthoughts Pastweek 10 7 12 4 Pastyear 30 21 35 20 Lifetime 38 28 46 37 Suicldaattempts Pastweek 3 1 2 0 Pastyear 17 12 15 7 Lifetime 20 16 27 20 Selfharm'(notsuicideattempt) dudngcurrentpdsonterm 7 9 5 7 Base 314 169 1248 1120 Female Hadsuicidalthoughts Pastweek [8] 5 23 8 Pastyear [14] 33 50 34 Lifetime [15] 51 59 52 Suicideattempts Pastweek [1] 2 1 Pastyear [10] 16 27 16 Lifetime [13] 32 44 37 Selfharm(notsuicideattempt) duringcurrentprisonterm [3] 11 9 10 Base 26 81 187 583 i ° SourceSingletonetal(1998)Table 8.1. 7 36 PsychiatricMorbidity amongYoungOffenders in EnglandandWales -7730-
Alcohol misuse and drug dependence 7.1 Assessment of alcohol misuse and drug dependence Figure7.1 Topicscoveredby AUDIT questionnaire The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test • Hazardous _alCohO1consumption - frequency of drinking (AUDIT) young offenders was used (Saunders to assess et alcohol al, 1993, misuse Babor among et a/, =_pJcab_antity ......... 1992). This measure was developed from a six- - frequency0f heavy drinking country WHO collaborative project as a screening • Dependence symptoms instrument for hazardous and harmful alcohol - impaired control Over drinking consumption. Hazardous alcohol use is defined as an - increased salience of drinking established pattern of drinking which confers the - morning drinking risk of physical and/or psychological harm, whereas • Harmful. alcohol consumption harmful use is defined by the presence of physical or - feeling of, guilt or remorse after psychological complications. The AUDIT idr_g questionnaire has been shown to have good _.atcoh0i_iehted injury sensitivity and specificity as well as concurrent and - 0theirs concerned about drinking predictive validity in a range of groups and countries (Claussen and Aasland, 1993, Conigrave eta/, 1995, Bohn et al, 1995). In its standard format the reference period is the previous year, but for this study the questions were rephrased so that the Figure L2 Topicsincludedin the assessmentof reference period was the twelve months before the • • dmgdep0ndence respondent came into prison (this time). :,_ Frec]_j _ 0fdrug use: used drug every day The questionnaire contains ten questions covering :-::i::for_::w_:_6r mote the topics shown in Figure 7.1. Answers to questions . ":_:_ are rated on appropriate scales scoring from zero to -::i!i!Ci_-i_'_Je_t Oh iti:- :":. " . Sf_e_"_le_n_cei-fdt- they needed itorwere four which are then summed to provide a total score " ""-i iiii_l_ty " to CUi::d0_: tried to cut down but ranging from zero to forty. A score of 8 or more has ' Couldfft been shown to be a good indicator of hazardous or • Need for larger amountS: needed more to get • harmful use (Saunders et al, 1993). Details of the an effect.. " scoring are given in Appendix B4 of the main survey • i,iWi,thdrawal sTmptoms: feeling sick because report (Singleton et al, 1998). . _St0pp¢'do_cut down.. _ A series of questions measured drug use. Information was initially collected on all types of dependence. However, it was felt that use of this drugs respondents had ever used. Further definition of dependence for cannabis would lead information on drug use in the year and month to frequent, recreational users of cannabis who had before coming to prison and in prison was no signs of dependency being classified as collected for six of these drugs: cannabis, heroin, dependent. Therefore, for a respondent to be illicit methadone, amphetamine, crack and cocaine, considered dependent on cannabis at least two Included among these were five questions to positive responses were required. This information measure drug dependence. The areas covered by was collected separately for cannabis, heroin, illicit these are shown in Figure 7.2. As in the alcohol methadone, amphetamines, crackand cocaine, if section, these questions referred to the twelve the prisoner reported having used them in the year months before coming into prison this time. before coming to prison. For drugs other than cannabis, a positive response Some additional questions covered injecting to any statement was used to indicate drug behaviour. PsychiatricMorbidity arnongYoungOffenders in EnglandandWales 37 -7731-
Page 2 and 3: :iilJ!i _ national d:%=STaTiSTiCS o
Page 4 and 5: Navigatethroughthis documentby usin
Page 6 and 7: Listoftables Page Page Chapter 1 Ch
Page 8 and 9: Listoffigures Page Page Chapter 2 C
Page 10 and 11: -7694-
Page 12 and 13: Summary ...........................
Page 14 and 15: Summary Summary- continued • Hero
Page 16 and 17: Summary Summary- continued Daily li
Page 18 and 19: 2 ! ! Introduction __ dependence an
Page 20 and 21: Characteristics of the sampled youn
Page 28 and 29: ,_ Characteristics Of the sampled y
Page 30 and 31: Personality disorder 3.1 Assessment
Page 32 and 33: Personality disorder ..............
Page 34 and 35: Psychotic and severe affective diso
Page 36 and 37: Neurotic disorders 5.1 Assessment
Page 38 and 39: _-- _,_ Neurotic disorders ........
Page 40 and 41: -" ,3 Neurotic disorders ..........
Page 42 and 43: - Neurotic disorders Table 5.3 Prev
Page 44 and 45: Self-harm (suicidal ideation, suici
Page 48 and 49: Alcohol misuse and drug dependence
Page 50 and 51: ./ Alcohol misuse and drug dependen
Page 52 and 53: Alcohol misuse and drug dependence
Page 54 and 55: Intellectual functioning 8.1 Assess
Page 56 and 57: intellectual functioning Table 8.1
Page 58 and 59: Characteristics of young offenders
Page 60 and 61: c_ Characteristics of young offende
Page 64 and 65: _'_ Characteristics of young offend
Page 70 and 71: t_ / Characteristics of young offen
Page 72 and 73: | 0 Co-occurrence of mental and phy
Page 74 and 75: '0 Co-occurrence of mental and phys
Page 76 and 77: I 0 Co-occurrence of mental and phy
Page 78 and 79: Use of medication and services 11.1
Page 80 and 81: I I Use of medication and services
Page 82 and 83: I I Use of medication and services
Page 84 and 85: ! I Use of medication and services
Page 86 and 87: ! I Use of medication and services
Page 88 and 89: .! 2 Daily living and social functi
Page 90 and 91: ,_ 2_ Daily living and social funct
Page 92 and 93: Risk factors for mental disorder 13
Page 94 and 95: ',3 Risk factors for mental disorde
Page 96 and 97:
_ | ..2 Risk factors for mental dis
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3 Risk factors for mental disorder
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References Ramsay M and Partridge (
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