Landscape architecture role in mitigating negative ... - UNU-WIDER

Figure 10.
Top View, visual pollution or beatification issues.
4.5.4. Environmental pollution:
Due to the miss use of urban spaces and housing roofs and in other words sort of ignoring
maintenance, insects, mouse, …etc are finding this miss urban areas and housing roofs suitable
place for living and increasing causing many types of health and environmental problems
4.5.5. Urban Hazards
The presence of city urban problems and different pollution types (garbage, noise, toxic heavy
metals, …) and the unneeded and unnecessary issues from expired houses furniture or
equipment's always left.
4.6. Landscape architecture branches:
Landscape architecture branches focus on basic infrastructures, including the following topics:
i. Land markets in urban areas: one of the main causes for the proliferation of slums is lack of
planning and clarity in many countries around the land market, forcing the urban poor to
settle in marginal, unwanted and dangerous areas, or to encroach on the land owned by the
public and private sectors or to become victims of informal land markets after the failure of
formal markets. Generally, there are some proposals to address these complex issues in the
area of urban land:
ii.
iii.
iv.
• Preparation of a national or local strategy to organize land‐use and its landscape
architecture in the existing slums on a fait accompli basis and to devise an equation to
absorb them in the urban fabric with a minimum disruptions and cost.
• Based on the calculated increase in urban population, in addition to the expected
migration from rural areas, a future plan can be developed to meet the needs for land in
the new cities and settlements using landscape architecture principals, providing them
with basic services, to replace the current control policies and mechanisms. This method
of legislation should limit the encroachment on government and private lands.
Roads and movement: the existing road system in the poor planned areas can be
rehabilitated, but in slum areas, where there is no system of roads, an innovative and careful
re‐planning solution can be adopted, to allow, at least, vehicles to access to specific points in
the various slums, and then people can reach their homes on foot.
Water systems: new networks can be provided or the existing ones can be improved inside
re‐planned slum, taking into account water resources, funding, treatment, supply,
maintenance and prices etc...
Sanitation and waste collection: It is not expected to have a system for sanitation in poor
areas, so the idea is to try to apply a socially, economically and environmentally workable
system. This proposal may vary from one city to another and from one country to another.
With regard to waste collection, it is clear that the same system used in the main city can be
used.