Yogyakarta - Casindo

Identification of Energy Needs Assessment for
Pro-poor Community
A Lesson Learned from WP2 CAREPI program
Technical Working Group (TWG) V Meeting
Hotel Sultan, Jakarta December 03 rd 2009
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
WP2 CAREPI IMPLEMENTATION
TARGET: IDENTIFICATION OF ENERGY-RELATED NEEDS
AND PRIORITIES OF POOR COMMUNITIES, KECAMATAN
KARANGMOJO, YOGYAKARTA

Methodology
Why used “PRA”
• Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods
are now well developed in relation to needs
and policy assessment.
• Base on PRA strategy, the communities can
develop the self-assessment system and build
the simple mechanism for evaluating their
energy needs.
• The mechanism provides the communities
which are able to develop some alternative
local energy potentials in adjacent their village.
• PRA can be one of tools to provide the
community for running sustainable
development particularly in this energy
program.

• HOUSEHOLD
– To get a better insight in current energy related problems.
– To calculate the energy need and its consumption (cost) for energy.
– To evaluate the energy priorities for households.
– To formulate the available energy potentials surrounding their
village(s).
• LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS
– To get a better insight in current energy related problems.
– To calculate the energy need and its consumption (cost) for energy.
– To formulate the energy potentials surrounding their village(s).
– To evaluate the priority of energy use in ranking according to the
urgency of a problem for local entrepreneurs.
– To identify possible economic activities (development) that can be
operated if the new energy have been supplied to the sites.
An overview of existing data/study/research/policy in
relationship with pro-poor Local Economic
Development (LED)
• This stage is a pre-survey which was conducted in
order to gather information for choosing some
alternative locations for needs assessment work
programme. The intensive discussions with regional
energy office of Dinas Pertambangan Kabupaten
Gunungkidul and BPS (Biro Pusat Statistik, Statistical
Centre Bureau) of Kabupaten Gunungkidul were
carried out.
• The outcome of this discussion is to give the global
description regarding to view of region, economical
aspect and current energy policies/programmes which
have been implemented in the region/kabupaten.

Survey on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) for
Initial Data Collection
• The survey was employed by visiting the local stakeholder, regional office (Dinas)
of energy and the local entrepreneur for gathering the information related to the
real situation of cultural and social condition of community.
• The information were collected during the survey (semi-structured interview)
based on the following issues for set of guideline questions.
– Average daily or monthly income of rural communities in Kecamatan
Karangmojo,
– Form of energy which is currently used for domestic activities, community
services and local entrepreneur in Kecamatan Karangmojo,
– Renewable energy potentials and sources are available locally in Kecamatan
Karangmojo,
– The lifestyle, community social characteristics and cultural background in
Kecamatan Karangmojo (in order to implement the PRA activities
successfully),
Outcomes from 1 st Workshop
• Semi-structured interview and focus group discussion are
methods of qualitative participatory research method which
was used in the PRA approach for energy needs assessment.
• The main issues delivered in this activity was: (1) current
energy consumption, (2) energy related needs and problems;
and (3) energy priorities in rural community of Kecamatan
Karangmojo.
• Based on these issues, some short-presentations for the
workshop were written and a set of guideline questions were
designed for the semi-structured interview activities.
• Thus, FDG materials were also designed for group discussion in
the programme.

Outcomes from 2 nd Workshop
• The main issues discussed in this activity was:
– energy priorities and programs for community and
business opportunities in the village: summary from the
PRA and 1st workshop;
– formulation on regional energy policy on selected
community and local entrepreneurs in Karangmojo.
– propose several alternative energy programmes.
Description of
Selected Area
• Karangmojo capital city is
Gedangrejo.
Karangmojo

Geography Information
• Attitude: 105 m SWL
• Rainfall intensity: 3.100 mm/year
• Topography : flat and hilly area
• Location: 10 km from Kabupaten Gunungkidul,
and 70 km from Kota Yogyakarta
• Area: 80.12 km 2 , dominated by not-rice farming
(palawija/plants, fruits) i.e. dry field (not
agriculture used) and national forest, and others
is rice farming (rainfall system), and sultan
ground.
No.
Demography
Population
VILLAGE
MALE FEMALE TOTAL
1 Bendungan 981 1,131 2,112
2 Wiladeg 1,976 2,136 4,112
3 Kelor 1,394 1,421 2,815
4 Ngipak 1,506 1,636 3,142
5 Karangmojo 3,648 3,822 7,470
6 Gedangrejo 2,647 2,801 5,448
7 Ngawis 1,751 1,922 3,673
8 Bejiarjo 7,721 8,049 15,770
9 Jatiayu 3,785 3,687 7,472
Remark: 60% of population as farming worker
Growth Rate of Population: 0.15 %
25,409 26,605 52,014

PLN Costumer on 2006
No Village Household
(Registered)
PLN Costumer
Ratio
( % )
1 Bendungan 615 318 51,7
2 Bejirejo 3.899 2.377 60,96
3 Wiladeg 1.262 887 70,28
4 Kelor 811 449 55,36
5 Ngipak 944 637 67,48
6 Karangmojo 2.344 1.380 58,87
7 Gedangrejo 1.602 1.010 63,04
8 Ngawis 1.095 700 63,93
9 Jatiayu 1.797 1.035 57,60
Kecamatan Karangmojo 14.336 8.722 60,84
Type of Energy Used in Kecamatan Karangmojo
No
Activities
Type of Energy
Supply
Electricity Fuels Firewoods Electricity Fuels Firewoods
1 Cooking - √ √ - Buy
Buy and
Collect
2 Lighting √ √ - PLN Buy -
3
Production (Local
Entrepeneur)
- √ √ - Buy
4 Ironing √ - - PLN - -
5 Transportation - √ - - Buy -
6
Water Pump for
Irrigation
- √ - - Buy -
Buy and
Collect

Energy Consumption
No
Jenis Energi
Consumption/
month
Price Unit
(IDR/Rp)
1 Petrol 60 lt/ household Rp. 6.000/ lt
2 Kerosene 10 lt/ household Rp. 3.000/ lt
3 Firewoods 6 string/ household Rp.12.500/ string
4 Electricity Rp. 50.000/ household Rp. 600/ kwh
5 Diesel (for irrigation) 8 lt/ h/ farmer group Rp. 5.000/ lt
Energy share per Month in
Grid Connection Household in
Karangmojo
Energy share per Month in
Non Grid Connection
Household in Karangmojo

Renewable Energy Resources in Gunungkidul
No Type of Energy Source Potential Energy
1 Wind --- 2.5 kw
2 Solar photovoltaic --- 3 kwh/m 2 /day
3 Bioethanol (Cassava) Cassava plantation 48,007.67 kwt
4 Biomass (sampah hutan)
Agricultural/forest
waste/residues
764.17 ha
5 Biogas Livestock 8,199 cows
6 Biodiesel
”Jarak” or Jatropha (physic
nuts)
4,282.2 ha
Sources: Depth Interview, FGD in Energy, PUSPER UMY
Biogas Energy Programme Package for cooking
-Building Biogass Instalation Prototype
-Mentoring and Community Development
-Involving the Financial Institution for Financing
-Study in Waste Management

Package of Biogass Energy Program for Home
Industries
Small Local Entrepreneur (Tahu and Tempe
Industry)
Biogas Usage for Alternative Energy Solutions
2,5m
2,1m
0,4m
2,1m
Picture : Fixed-dome Biogas

Construction Cost for Biogas Reactor
No Material/Component Size Required Unit Price
1 Cement 40 kg per
unit
2 Foundation Materials
(Stone)
Amount
(IDR)
48 per unit 41,000 1,968,000
- 6 m 3 /unit 300,000 1,800,000
3 Sand - 13 m 3 /unit 400,000 800,000
4 Clay-Brick
(batu bata merah)
5:20:10 3,500 units 450 1,575,000
5 PVC-Pipe 8 inch 1 unit 400,000 400,000
6 PVC-Pipe 0.5 inch 30 m 12,000/4 m 96,000
7 PVC-Pipe 0.75 inch 1 unit 18,000 18,000
8 Addittive Material for
Mix Concrete Design
(Ekosal)
- 3 kg 40,000 120,000
9 Workmanship 6 man 15 days 40,000/day 3,600,000
Total Construction Cost 10,377,000
Note : Economic life-time of biogas reactor is estimated 20-25 years
Cost Flow Analysis
No Remark Volume Unit Price
1 Safe from kerosene
used
2 Safe from
Firewood
3 Benefit/Safe from
the use of Organic
Fertilizer
Safe per
Month
Safe per Year
10 liter/month Rp. 7,000 Rp. 70,000 Rp. 840,000
6 sting/month Rp. 12,500 Rp. 75,000 Rp. 900,000
20 kg/day Rp.500 Rp. 300,000 Rp. 3,600,000
Benefit for the use of biogas digester per year Rp. 5,340,000
Construction cost of giogas digester (Table 5.1) Rp. 10,377,000
Note : 1 cow can produce 15 kg animal waste per day. Every 12 kg of waste can be used for methane
gas which converts with ½ liter of kerosene

No Remarks Investment
1 Investment cost of proposed digester Rp. 10,377,000
2 Stove for cooking (1 unit) Rp. 600,000
Total Investment Rp. 10,977,000
3 Saving in Year 1 Rp. 5,340,000
4 Rest from Investment of Year 1 Rp. 5,637,000
5 Saving in Year 2 Rp. 5,340,000
6 Rest from Investment of Year 1 Rp. 297,000
Payback Periode is 2 years + (Rp. 297.000/Rp.5.340.000 × 12 months)
= 2 years 17 days
Some biogas equivalents (Kristoferson and Bokalders 1991)
Application
Lighting
Cooking
Fuel replacement
Shaft power
Electricity generator
1m 3 Biogas Equivalent
Equal to 60 – 100 watt bulb for six hours
Can cook three meals for a family of a five or six
0.7 kg of petrol
Can run a one horsepower motor for two hours
Can generate 1.25 kilowatt hours of electricity

Biodiesel Energy Package for Irrigation
- Study for Production and Efficiency of
Biodiesel from the Jathropa Curcas Oil
- Mentoring Financing Skim
Program for the people
Stove for Jatropha Oil
No Remark Specification
1 Dimension 28 x 28 x 27 cm
2 Tank capacity 2 liter
3 Fire flame Blue with red
4 Fuel consumption 225 ml/hour
5 Water boiling 14 minutes/2 liter
No Remark Volume Price Unit
Estimated
Cost
1 Roller/Presser Equipment
for Jatropha Oil
1 unit Rp. 2,000,000 Rp. 2,000,000
2 Jatropha cultivation
- Land 0.2 ha - -
- Seed 0.4 kg Rp. 50,000 Rp. 20,000
3 Wick Stove 1 unit Rp. 200,000 Rp. 200,000
Investment Total/Cost Rp. 2,220,000
Note : 1 liter Jatropha oil needs 3 kg of Jatropha seeds. 1 ha land can produce 15 kg of seed
per day with seeds for plantation of 2 kg. Land is used for the programme is a marginal land
that does not cultivated by agricultural plants for food or commercial purposes.

The economic benefit and safe analysis for a household
Estimated Cost
No Remark Volume Price Unit
(per year)
1 Kerosene Stove 1 unit Rp. 200,000 Rp. 200,000
2 Minyak Tanah 10 liter/month Rp. 7,000 Rp. 840,000
3 Firewood 6 string/month Rp. 12,500 Rp. 900,000
Cost for cooking using kerosene and firewood Rp. 1,940,000
Cost for cooking using Jatropha oil stove and investment for Jatropha
pressing machine
Deficits per household at first year of Jatropha oil programme (fourth
year of programme)
Rp. 2,220,000
Rp. - (280,000)
Saving per household per year after using the Jatropha oil Rp. 1,740,000
Based on the net cash-flow in the cash-flow analysis, it indicates household can receive
the saving from Jatropha oil for cooking programme started from the fifth year of
implemented programme.
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Investment
Stove and
Pressing
Machine
Operational
Cost
Discount
Factor
14%/pa
PV
Operational
Cost
Cash in-flow
PV
Cash in
Flow
Net Cashflow
0 40,000 0.8772 35,088 0 0 -35,088
0 20,000 0.7695 15,389 0 0 -15,389
0 20,000 0.6750 13,499 0 0 -13,499
2,000,000 20,000 0.5921 1,196,002 1,660,000 971,012 -224,991
0 20,000 0.5194 10,387 1,740,000 893,314 882,927
0 20,000 0.4556 9,112 1,740,000 783,609 774,497
0 20,000 0.3996 7,993 1,740,000 687,376 679,383
0 20,000 0.3506 7,011 1,740,000 602,962 595,950

Feasibility Analysis on Jatropha Oil for Water Pump System in
Kecamatan Karangmojo (Analysis for 1 Farmer Group)
No Remark Volume Price Unit
Estimated Cost
(per year)
1 Generator (Diesel Fuel) 1 unit Rp. 1,000,000 Rp.1,000,000
2 The need of diesel fuel for irrigation 12 liter/day Rp. 6,000 Rp. 17,280,000
(calculated for dry session on 8
months/year)
3 Generator (Jatropha Oil) 1 unit Rp. 1,500,000 Rp. 1,500,000
4 Jatropha cultivation:
- Landuse for cultivation
- Jatropha seeds
- Estimated cultivation cost
5 Crushing and Pressing Machine for
Jatropha seed
2.4 ha
4.8 kg/year
2.4 ha/year
Rp.2,500,000
Rp. 50,000
Rp.1,400,000
Rp. 6,000,000
Rp. 240,000
Rp. 3,360,000
1 unit Rp. 4,000,000 Rp. 4,000,000
Total cost per year for Diesel Generator (1 + 2) Rp. 17,280,000
Total cost per year for Jatropha Generator (3 + 4 + 5) Rp. 13,600,000
Saving (first year) after Jatropha harvest and first Jatropha oil production Rp. 3,680,000
Saving per year after first year Rp. 7,680,000
Note : a. Capacity of Pressing machine, Input: 100 kg/day, Production capacity: 20% × 100 kg Jatropha seeds or 25
liter JO/day. Lifetime of machine is about 10 years
b. The effective raining session in Kecamatan Karangmojo is estimated for 4 months.
c. Jatropha cultivation is about 3 years for harvest and can be produced to be Jatropha oil (JO).
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Investment
for JO
Machine
Operational
Cost
Discount
Factor
14%/pa
PV
Operational
cost
Cash in-flow
PV
Cash in
Flow
Net Cash-flow
0 9,600,000 -8,421,053 8,421,053 0 0 -8,421,053
0 9,600,000 -16,842,105 7,386,888 0 0 -7,386,888
0 9,600,000 -25,263,158 6,479,727 0 0 -6,479,727
4,000,000 9,600,000 84,506,002 5,683,971 17,280,000 10,231,147 4,547,177
0 9,600,000 142,566,944 4,985,939 17,280,000 8,974,691 3,988,751
0 9,600,000 215,401,662 4,373,631 17,280,000 7,872,536 3,498,905
0 9,600,000 303,010,157 3,836,518 17,280,000 6,905,733 3,069,215
0 9,600,000 405,392,428 3,365,367 17,280,000 6,057,660 2,692,294
0 9,600,000 522,548,477 2,952,076 17,280,000 5,313,737 2,361,661
0 9,600,000 654,478,301 2,589,541 17,280,000 4,661,173 2,071,632
0 9,600,000 74,105,263 2,271,527 17,280,000 4,088,748 1,817,221
0 9,600,000 962,659,280 1,992,567 17,280,000 3,586,621 1,594,054
0 9,600,000 1,138,910,434 1,747,866 17,280,000 3,146,159 1,398,293
14 0 9,600,000 1,329,935,365 1,533,216 17,280,000 2,759,789 1,226,573
Total 4,000,000 134,400,000 5,782,987,996 57,619,886 190,080,000 63,597,994 55,176,942

FGD:
Stakeholders
Analysis
NO STAKEHOLDERS CONTRIBUTIONS
1 Community, farmer groups and
local entrepreneurs
2 Local administration
office/government
3 Regional Mining and Energy
Office of Gunungkidul Regency
Owner and take responsibility for managing the installed energy
infrastructure in Kecamatan Karangmojo
1. Provide an energy facilities and infrastructure
2. Budget allocation from Village Budget/Anggaran Dana
Desa (ADD) for development of energy alternative at each
region.
3. Supervising the implementation of the proposed energy
project.
Continue and focused on programs in next fiscal period
(APBD/APBN) related with energy alternative development in
region includes infrastructure provision and capacity building.
4 Banking, Micro Finance
Institution, Usaha Kecil and
Menengah (UKM), Koperasi
(Cooperation/Economic
Enterprise)
1. Commitment to provide Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) and
other scheme of credits for farmers in building an energy
infrastructure.
2. Capacity building for famer groups especially in finance
management aspect.
3. Possible to be one of investors for energy infrastructure
development.
5 University 1. Provide training and education facilities for capacity
building in development of energy alternative.
2. Mentoring and assisting in operational of energy
alternative.
3. Improving an applied research and development of energy
alternative.
FINANCING SCHEME FOR THE PROPOSED
PROGRAMMES
These schemes involve all financial stakeholders, i.e. Banking,
Micro Finance Institution, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM),
Cooperation and Regional Energy Office, as follows:
1) Subsidies Scheme
2) Credit Scheme
3) Combination of Various Funding Resources

Proposed Strategies for CASINDO TWG V in
Yogyakarta Region
• The program will be in-line with community economic development
program.
• PRA approach will be used in collaboration with government officer
& student community services for assisting and empowering the
community.
• Three techniques will be implemented in PRA, i.e. in-depth direct
interview, focus group discussion and community based activities.
• Several workshops between community, local entrepreneurs,
regional government offices, universities and (micro) financial
institutions will be conducted for connecting the energy problems,
potential, policy and program implementation.

Next Stages
• Evaluation the existing data of poor
community and potential energy sources
nearby.
• Identify the new alternative locations for
CASINDO.
• Depth-discussion with Dinas related the
programmes.
ENERGY FOR PROVERTY ALLEVIATION