(PROTEIN) WATER MOLECULE AMINO GROUP

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capillary all-trans RETINOL (t) * all-trans RETINYL (t) ESTER 11-cis RETINOL all-trans * RETINOL * 11-cis RETINAL (t) (t) (t) (t) all-trans RETINAL + 11-cis OPSIN RETINAL + OPSIN all-trans RETINOL hν RHODOPSIN Color Plate 4 The processing and transport of vitamin A at PE (pigment epithelial) cells and photoreceptor outer segments. ➤ At PE cells retinol may be stored as an ester or transported to the outer segment. The transport between and within PE cells and photoreceptor outer segments of 11-cis retinal as well as between photoreceptor cells and PE cells of all-trans retinol makes use of other transport binding proteins (t), an interstitial retinol binding protein (IRBP) as well as an intracellular retinal binding protein (CRBP) as described by Hollyfield et al (1985). Metabolic transformations of the different vitamin A forms are enzymatically catalyzed (*) in both the PE and photoreceptor cells. See text for further explanations. *
Page 2: BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN An Imprint of
Page 6: Acknowledgments I am indebted to th
Page 10: disc membrane cytosol N extracellul
Page 16: ROS DISK MEMBRANE (proposed) 1 RK A
Page 20: Na + GANGLION CELL ON CENTER BIPOLA
Page 24: C H A P T E R 1 Figure 1-1 The wate
Page 28: Figure 1-3 Hydrogen bonds between w
Page 32: K a = [H + ] [A - ] / [HA] Water an
Page 36: This system is more complex in that
Page 40: Figure 1-7 A cross section of the a
Page 44: TABLE 1-4 ➤ the high levels prese
Page 48: Water and Ocular Fluids • 13 high
Page 52: C H A P T E R 2 Figure 2-1 The dipe
Page 56: Proteins • 17 TABLE 2-1 ➤ AMINO
Page 60: Figure 2-5 Primary protein structur
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Figure 2-8 Tertiary protein structu
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Proteins • 23 TABLE 2-2 ➤ MOLEC
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Proteins • 25 TABLE 2-3 ➤ CHARA
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Figure 2-13 One of several proposed
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Figure 2-14 Graphs of protein conce
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Proteins • 31 Figure 2-15 The agg
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N + H 2 + NH3 O C - O O , Fe 2 Tryp
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Figure 2-20 Partial diagrammatic cr
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Figure 2-22 The conversion of rhodo
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Proteins • 39 Figure 2-24 Simplif
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Figure 2-27 Molecular diagram of a
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Proteins • 43 Figure 2-28 Cellula
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Figure 2-30 FACIT (f iber associate
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Figure 2-34 Graph of fiber diameter
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Figure 2-37 Type VIII collagen and
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References Proteins • 51 P R O B
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Proteins • 53 Harding JJ: Changes
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C H A P T E R 3 Enzymes OCULAR CATA
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Figure 3-2 Noncatalyzed reactions a
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Figure 3-4 Graph of enzyme activity
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Figure 3-7 The effect of an activat
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Figure 3-10 Lineweaver-Burk plots f
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Figure 3-13 Cut-away diagram of a G
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Figure 3-16 Molecular mechanism of
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Enzymes • 69 The corneal stroma i
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Enzymes • 71 ocular, make use of
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TABLE 3-1 ➤ Enzymes • 73 SOME C
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Figure 3-24 Gel density pattern of
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Figure 3-25 Diagram of aldose reduc
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Enzymes • 79 fibrinlike repeats,
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Enzymes • 81 breaks structurally,
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Enzymes • 83 Kinoshita J: Mechani
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C H A P T E R 4 Figure 4-1 Two exam
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Figure 4-4 A common laboratory proc
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Figure 4-7 Partial structure and bo
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Actin-Myosin** (complex of two musc
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Figure 4-11 Diagrammed outline of c
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energetically primes the molecule f
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Figure 4-17 Typical cross-sectional
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Figure 4-19 The Krebs cycle. ➤ Th
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Figure 4-23 The glycerol phosphate
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occurs from the activity of a “de
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Figure 4-26 Gluconeogenesis. ➤ Th
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Carbohydrates • 107 total yield =
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Problems of Carbohydrate Transport
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Figure 4-28 A molecular diagram of
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Figure 4-32 Diagram of islet cells
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Figure 4-34 Glycation reaction. ➤
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Figure 4-35 The polyol pathway. ➤
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ET-1 E-M pathway glucose G3P + DHP
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Figure 4-39 Cross-section of the co
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OCULAR EFFECTS OF GALACTOSEMIA Zonu
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Figure 4-43 Repeating units of the
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Carbohydrates • 127 unknown, but
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Carbohydrates • 129 what type of
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Carbohydrates • 131 Mizutani Y, e
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C H A P T E R 5 Lipids The terms li
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TABLE 5-1 ➤ PARTIAL LIST OF FATTY
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Lipids • 137 Figure 5-4 Phospholi
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Figure 5-6 Two typical isoprenoids.
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Figure 5-10 Sialic acid or N-acetyl
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Figure 5-14 An example of a micelle
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Figure 5-15 The arrangement of the
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Figure 5-17 Layers of the precornea
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150 • Biochemistry of the Eye Fig
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154 • Biochemistry of the Eye TAB
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156 • Biochemistry of the Eye Dav
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C H A P T E R 6 Hormones The comple
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Figure 6-2 General scheme of hormon
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PEPTIDE, PROTEIN, AND AMINO ACID DE
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STEROID HORMONES1 TABLE 6-2 ➤ Fig
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TABLE 6-3 ➤ SECOND MESSENGER (INT
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Figure 6-7 A cascade mechanism. ➤
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=O R1-C R2-C =O PIP 2 OCH2 OCH CH2O
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INNER SEGMENT OUTER SEGMENT # γ−
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Figure 6-11 Overall diagram of visu
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ROS DISK MEMBRANE (proposed) 3 1 RK
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Figure 6-14 Plasma membrane, hormon
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Figure 6-17 Cross section of kidney
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Figure 6-18 The formation of prosta
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Hormones • 185 to the existence o
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References Hormones • 187 Abdel-L
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Hormones • 189 Urban RC, Cottier
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206 • Biochemistry of the Eye 40S
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208 • Biochemistry of the Eye 3'
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214 • Biochemistry of the Eye p53
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216 • Biochemistry of the Eye The
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218 • Biochemistry of the Eye The
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220 • Biochemistry of the Eye TAB
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224 • Biochemistry of the Eye Glu
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226 • Biochemistry of the Eye cry
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228 • Biochemistry of the Eye Har
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C H A P T E R 8 Ocular Neurochemist
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Figure 8-2 The differences between
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Figure 8-5 The molecular structures
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Figure 8-8 The receptor protein for
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plasma membrane portion of the prot
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Figure 8-13 Triad synapse found on
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Ocular Neurochemistry • 243 shoul
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Figure 8-17 Principal cells and syn
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Ocular Neurochemistry • 247 There
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C H A P T E R 9 Ocular Immunochemis
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Figure 9-2 The variable domain of a
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Figure 9-4 The large IgM molecule.
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Figure 9-6 The development of plasm
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TABLE 9-3 ➤ (1) tears collected w
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Figure 9-8 The initial reactions of
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Figure 9-11 Peptide binding complex
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Figure 9-14 Diagram of the chemotac
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Figure 9-17 Formation of free radic
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Ocular Immunochemistry • 267 unab
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Ocular Immunochemistry • 269 McBr
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278 • Biochemistry of the Eye Exp
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280 • Biochemistry of the Eye mec
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282 • Biochemistry of the Eye Spa
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284 • Biochemistry of the Eye Agr
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286 • Biochemistry of the Eye Can
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288 • Biochemistry of the Eye Cor
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290 • Biochemistry of the Eye End
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292 • Biochemistry of the Eye Gly
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294 • Biochemistry of the Eye Imm
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296 • Biochemistry of the Eye Met
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298 • Biochemistry of the Eye dur
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300 • Biochemistry of the Eye Pro
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302 • Biochemistry of the Eye Shi
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304 • Biochemistry of the Eye Uns
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306 Answers to Problems Chapter 1 1
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308 • Biochemistry of the Eye 5.
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310 • Biochemistry of the Eye 3.
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312 • Biochemistry of the Eye the
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314 • Biochemistry of the Eye Car
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316 • Biochemistry of the Eye H H
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318 • Biochemistry of the Eye Pro
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(PROTEIN) WATER MOLECULE AMINO GROUP

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