Tomato processing in China

Tomato processing in China
With an average production of 6.5 million metric tonnes of tomatoes processed over
the past five years, and exports of tomato paste that exceeded 1.1 million metric
tonnes in 2011, China is currently placed among the leading countries on the world
market for processing tomatoes. The production reached a peak level in 2009 at 8.65
million metric tonnes of fresh tomatoes (up 35% from 2003), before decreasing due
to technical and climatic conditions to 6.2 million in 2010. In 2012, processed
quantities should amount to 5 million tonnes (ranking N°2 at the global level).
Most of the Chinese crop is processed into paste: 80 to 90 % is used to produce 36
% paste, with the remaining 10 to 20 % of the production being used for 28 % paste
and a small volume of other products, including canned tomatoes.
Xinjiang is still the major processing area in China, with local processed volume
totaling 5.011 million tonnes and accounting for 73.78% of the national production in

2011. The main area for tomato cultivation is the Xinjiang region, in the northwest,
where the industry's leading companies like TunHe and Chalkis operate major
factories. This region is composed of high plateaus (approximately 1 000 meters in
altitude) that enjoy a dry continental climate, with little rain in summer, long daylight
hours, and general conditions that are ideal for growing tomatoes. Furthermore, the
Chinese government has pushed for a strong development of the country's western
regions in recent years. The economic evolution of Xinjiang is similar to that of the
entire western zone in that it depends on large-scale agriculture. This provides
processors that are already established in the region with many opportunities,
particularly those whose diversification is linked to activities that tie in with agriculture
in a variety of ways. But Xinjiang is not only the largest region to produce processing
tomatoes, it is also the largest region to produce cotton (over 30% of the total
Chinese output). In northern Xinjiang, cotton and corn are the most competitive
crops. In 2010, the profit from planting cotton experienced a sharp rise, and the
income of corn and wheat also steadily increased, while income from tomato growing
experienced a notable decrease.
The second largest production region is situated in Inner Mongolia. This province has
enjoyed rapid growth in recent years and accounts for 15 to 20% of the total volume
processed in China. However, the acreage of sunflower and corn has increased in
this region, shrinking the tomato growing surfaces over the past few years. The third
region is located in the Gansu province and accounts for about 5 to 10% of the total
Chinese production of tomato paste. Recent years have also seen some
developments in the Ningxia region.
The first factories were set up between 1983 and 1985. The Chinese processing
capacity reached 50 000 metric tonnes in 1995, and it is generally considered that
the annual development rate did not run below 25 % from 1995 to 2004, but slowed
down in recent years. To date, the main production capacity of the Chinese tomato
processing industry is shared between COFCO TunHe and Chalkis (a subsidiary of
the Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, also the owner of Tianje). The
current capacity of Chalkis amounts to approximately 270 000 tonnes of paste
whereas the TunHe group has a potential capacity of 335 000 tonnes. The third and
fourth Chinese processors respectively are the Haohan Group (with an annual
capacity of 150 000 tonnes) and the Guan Nong Group (55 000 tonnes).
In 2011, the total surface planted with tomatoes in China amounted to 94 899 ha.
The most commonly used varieties are local (80%), half of which are fixed varieties
(Open Pollinated), 30% are hybrids and 20% are Heinz hybrids. Sowing is carried out
in greenhouses around March 10 th with planting out starting after the last frosts
around May 15 th . Depending on the region, the season gets under way between July
20 th and the beginning of August. It lasts about 60 days, until the beginning of
October. An increasing proportion of the crop (about 50%) is machine harvested.
Depending on the situation, contracts are signed either with official local structures
such as village authorities for an average planted area of 1 000 Mu (approximately
67 hectares), or directly with producers who rent the land that belongs to the state.
Contracts determine the area to be planted as well as provisional volumes. They also
set out a program for planting and harvesting, and include supplies of seeds and
plant health inputs.

In market terms, the Chinese tomato industry has made an explosive entrance on the
international scene, with export volumes rising from 100 000 tonnes in 1999 to more
than 1 million tonnes in 2010 and 1.1 million tonnes in 2011. Chronologically,
Chinese exports were initially shipped (1995 and 96) to the neighboring regions in
the Far East (Japan, Philippines, Korea). But the trade-flow was increasing with the
European Union (Italy, Germany, UK) and Russia. This has been maintained and
consolidated over the past fifteen years. After 2004 and 2005, Chinese processors
opened up new markets for their products, especially in North Africa (Algeria) and
West Africa (Nigeria, Ghana, Togo). Currently, it is this region which is the main
market outlet for Chinese exports of tomato paste.
China is a huge consumer of fresh table tomatoes. In 2009, the annual consumption
of fresh tomatoes was 20 kilos per capita, but the consumption of processed tomato
per capita was one kilo, only accounting for 5% of total consumption. However, this
makes room for future developments, making China a potential market for processed
tomato consumption. Statistics show that fresh tomato consumption represented 98
% of total consumption in 1999 and 95 % ten years later. Canned tomato paste
(repacked or direct filled) is the largest category consumed, accounting for 60% of
consumption. The remaining categories include sauce and ketchup, diced and whole
peeled, juice and lycopene, etc. In 2010, Chinese people consumed approximately
1.02 million metric tonnes of processed tomatoes (farm weight equivalent), and the
Chinese industry expects domestic consumption to reach 1.38 million tonnes (farm
weight equivalent) by 2015.
The Chinese tomato processing industry is represented within WPTC by the China
Canned Food Industry Association (CCFIA).