(PIRCA), this report - Climate Adaptation Knowledge Exchange

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List of Figures and Tables xxiii B-4 Base state change in average tropical Pacific SSTs and change in El Niño variability simulated by AOGCMs B-5 The projected late 21st-century change in the difference in sea-level pressure between two boxes along the equator in the eastern and western Pacific in 21 CMIP3 models B-6 The change over the 21st century in surface air temperature and precipitation in the multi-model ensemble of CMIP3 SRESA1B integrations B-7 CMIP5 climate change results from the Hadley Centre HADGEM2-ES model B-8 Monthly rainfall over the main Hawaiian Islands from one-year simulation with modified regional WRF-ARW model Tables 1-1 Economic and demographic indicators for Hawai‘i and the USAPI 1-2 Existing hazard mitigation plans in Hawai‘i and the USAPI H-1 Summary of responses to evaluation questionnaire at each workshop Boxes 1-1 Marine national monuments in the Pacific Islands region 1-2 Ecosystems of the Pacific Islands region 1-3 Distinguishing climate variability from climate change in the Pacific 1-4 The value of high-quality observations and monitoring: Mauna Loa Observatory, HaleNet, and Station ALOHA 1-5 <strong>Climate</strong> change will force human migration from the Pacific Islands 1-6 Assessing information needs for managing O‘ahu's freshwater resources 2-1 The Hawai‘i Water Code: Providing a strong basis for management and planning 2-2 High-quality data and monitoring networks are threatened 3-1 How do you measure sea level
List of Abbreviations Geographic CNMI – Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands CNP – Central North Pacific sub-region (Hawaiian archipelago) CSP – Central South Pacific sub-region (American Sāmoa) FSM – Federated States of Micronesia NWHI – Northwestern Hawaiian Islands RMI – Republic of the Marshall Islands RP – Republic of Palau USAPI – United States-Affiliated Pacific Islands WNP – Western North Pacific sub-region (Guam, Republic of Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Republic of the Marshall Islands) Technical AL – Aleutian Low AR4 – Fourth Assessment Report (by the Intergovernmental Panel on <strong>Climate</strong> Change) AUV – autonomous underwater vehicle CDDs – consecutive dry days CMIP3 – Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 ECV – essential climate variables EEZ – exclusive economic zone ENSO – El Niño-Southern Oscillation ERSST – Extended Reconstructed Sea-Surface Temperatures ETC – extra-tropical cyclones EUC – Equatorial Undercurrent GCM – global climate model GHG – greenhouse gases GIA – glacial isostatic adjustment GPS – global positioning system HRI – Hawai‘i Rainfall Index IPO – Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation ITCZ – Intertropical Convergence Zone JASL – Joint Archive for Sea Level MJO – Madden-Julien Oscillation MNM – Marine National Monument MSL – mean sea level NEC – North Equatorial Current NECC – North Equatorial Counter Current NPGO – North Pacific Gyre Oscillation NPH – North Pacific High NTDE – National Tidal Datum Epoch PDO – Pacific Decadal Oscillation SAT – surface air temperature SEC – South Equatorial Current SLP – sea-level pressure SLR – sea-level rise SOI – Southern Oscillation Index SPCZ – South Pacific Convergence Zone SSH – sea-surface height SST – sea-surface temperature TWI – trade wind inversion WRF-ARW – Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model xxiv
Page 1: National Climate Assessment Regiona
Page 5 and 6: © 2012 The Pacific Islands Regiona
Page 8 and 9: About This Report Climate Change an
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary The Pacific Islan
Page 12 and 13: Executive Summary xi • Rising oce
Page 14: Hawai‘i Governor's Letter xiii
Page 17 and 18: PIRCA Core Team * Stephen Anthony U
Page 20 and 21: Contents About This Series About Th
Page 22 and 23: List of Figures, Tables, and Boxes
Page 26 and 27: List of Abbreviations xxv Instituti
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1 Pacific Islands Region Ov
Page 30 and 31: Pacific Islands Region Overview 3 F
Page 32 and 33: Pacific Islands Region Overview 5 o
Page 34 and 35: Pacific Islands Region Overview 7 S
Page 36 and 37: Pacific Islands Region Overview 9 E
Page 38 and 39: Pacific Islands Region Overview 11
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Freshwater and Drought on Pacific I
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Chapter 3 Sea Level and Coastal Inu
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Sea Level and Coastal Inundation on
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Chapter 4 Marine, Freshwater, and T
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Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial
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Conclusions 119 Chapter 5 Conclusio
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Conclusions 121 actionable informat
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Appendix A Glossaries Related to We
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Appendix B 125 Figure B-1 The gener
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Appendix B 127 trend toward more
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Appendix B 129 the result of changi
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Appendix B 131 Figure B-7 CMIP5 cli
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Appendix B 133 with a 3 km horizont
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Appendix C 135 Deanna Spooner Coord
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Appendix E PIRCA Water and Drought
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appendix E 139 Kevin Kodama Senior
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appendix F 141 Facilitators: Arlene
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appendix F 143 Penny Larin Program
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Appendix G PIRCA Ecosystems Technic
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Appendix G 147 Richard McKenzie Res
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Appendix H 149 Workshop Evaluations
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References 151 Australian Bureau of
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References 153 McPhaden, M. J. (199
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References 155 Dickinson, W. R. (20
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References 157 Freed, L. A., Cann,
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References 159 Hunter, J. (2012). A
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References 161 Lander, M. A. (1994)
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References 163 Mendelsohn, R., Eman
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References 165 Petersen, G. (2009).
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References 167 Storlazzi, C. D., Lo
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References 169 Waycott, M., McKenzi
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