RCC vs. Articulated Concrete Blocks for Overtopping Protection
RCC vs. Articulated Concrete Blocks for Overtopping Protection
RCC vs. Articulated Concrete Blocks for Overtopping Protection
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Dam <strong>Overtopping</strong><br />
Auxiliary Spillway Armoring
1. Per<strong>for</strong>mance Limitations<br />
2. Placement Limitations<br />
3. Flow Energy Dissipation<br />
4. Hydraulic Complexity<br />
5. Project Size<br />
6. Service Life<br />
7. Foundation Reliability<br />
8. Technical Complexity<br />
9. Material Availability<br />
10. Cost
<strong>Overtopping</strong> Depth = 12.7 Feet<br />
Total Drop (Spillway Crest to Stilling Basin) = 82.3 Feet<br />
ArmorWedge®<br />
New Creek Site 14, WV<br />
USSR Tests; 30’ <strong>Overtopping</strong>, V>75 fps<br />
USBR Tests; 5’ <strong>Overtopping</strong> 2H:1V Slope
Tarbela Dam <strong>RCC</strong> Spillway Basin, Pakistan<br />
Ocoee No. 2 Dam, Tennessee …<br />
Brownwood Country Club, Texas …<br />
North Fork Toutle River, Washington …
Damage From Debris Impact<br />
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Damage From Debris Impact<br />
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Damage From Debris Impact<br />
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Photo Courtesy of Darin Shaffer
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Pohick Dam No. 4
• Noise<br />
• Dust<br />
• Staging Area<br />
• Traffic<br />
• Public Safety
Source: Public Safety at Low Head Dams,<br />
Kenneth Wright et. Al. ASDSO<br />
Conference, September 9, 2003<br />
Minneapolis, MN
Gilboa Dam, NY
ArmorWedge®
1/2 Inch<br />
FLOW
FLOW<br />
1/2 Inch
Swan-Buffalo #12 (Absaraka) Dam, ND – Flowed <strong>for</strong> 7 days<br />
Video Courtesy of Erica Althoff, P.E. ND NRCS
Photo Courtesy of Erica Althoff, P.E. ND NRCS
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Video courtesy of ARS (Dr. Sherry Hunt. P.E.)
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
Modeled 4-Foot <strong>Overtopping</strong> Depth With<br />
Flow Reaching Terminal Velocity >26 fps
Rynearson Dam No. 1, WI
Lake Natalie, PA
Lake Natalie, PA
Lake Natalie, PA
Portugues Dam (Upstream Cofferdam), Puerto Rico<br />
Photo Courtesy of USACE, Jacksonville District
What if this was <strong>RCC</strong>
Tampa Bay Reservoir<br />
• 350,000 Cubic Yards Soil Cement<br />
• 16-Inch Thick Layer on 1V:3H Slope<br />
• Used Onsite Soils (Screening & Mixing)<br />
• 8 Percent Cement Content (by weight)<br />
Stair-Stepped Soil-Cement<br />
Soil-Cement Plating
Tampa Bay Reservoir<br />
16”Min.<br />
Non-Woven Geotextile
Shavers Creek Dam, PA
<strong>RCC</strong>:<br />
• Requires Greater Technical Expertise & Oversight<br />
• Requires <strong>RCC</strong> Mix Design & Specs (ND <strong>vs</strong>. AZ)<br />
• Must Aggressively Monitor <strong>RCC</strong> mixing & placement<br />
• Time Dependent Material Placement<br />
• <strong>RCC</strong> Placement Restrictions (Temperature, Rain ...)<br />
• More Involved Drainage Details<br />
ACBs:<br />
• Onsite Technical Representative (Recommended)
• Design of Rectangular Embankment<br />
• 6 Square Mile Lake Area<br />
• Stormwater Management/Irrigation<br />
• ~$15 Million Budget<br />
Fellsmere Water<br />
Management Area
<strong>RCC</strong> Cost Factors:<br />
• <strong>RCC</strong> Mix Design & Materials Evaluation<br />
• Plant Mobilization & Startup<br />
• Material Costs<br />
• Material Hauling Costs<br />
• Construction Schedule & Placement Restrictions<br />
• Increased risk of weather delays and claims<br />
• Requires Experienced Contractor<br />
• More QA/QC Monitoring, Testing, Observation …<br />
ACB Cost Factors:<br />
• Delivery Cost
Dam <strong>Overtopping</strong><br />
Auxiliary Spillway Armoring
Dam <strong>Overtopping</strong><br />
Auxiliary Spillway Armoring
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