The impact of arts on health and wellbeing of young people: a ...

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7.2 Issues for qualitative research........................................................................................... 23 References............................................................................................................. 25 Appendix 1: Databases Searched........................................................................................... 29 Appendix 2: Search Terms Used............................................................................................. 30 Appendix 3: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Used in the Review .......................................... 31 Appendix 4: Overview <strong>of</strong> Search Strategy and Results........................................................... 32 Appendix 5: Overview <strong>of</strong> Quantitative Studies Included in the Review................................... 33 Appendix 6: Overview <strong>of</strong> Qualitative Studies Included in the Review ..................................... 34 Appendix 7: Data Extraction Sheet.......................................................................................... 35 ii
1. Executive Summary (i) <strong>The</strong>re is increasing interest in the role <strong>of</strong> <strong>arts</strong> in health care, and a growing consensus that participation in <strong>arts</strong> activities can have a transformative <strong>impact</strong> upon the lives <strong>of</strong> young people. While there is growing evidence to support the benefits <strong>of</strong> <strong>arts</strong> for health and well-being, this is uneven. Most programmes that seek health outcomes through the performing <strong>arts</strong> have not been subject to high quality evaluation. (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) This literature review seeks to provide an overview <strong>of</strong> current evidence surrounding the effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>arts</strong> for health on adolescents and young people between 11 and 18 years old. <strong>The</strong> review includes music, performance, drama and dance in community settings as well as noncurricular activity in mainstream education. Clinical populations and settings such as hospitals were not included in the review: research in these settings addresses different questions and uses different methodologies to that in community settings. <strong>The</strong> review seeks to strengthen the evidence base surrounding <strong>arts</strong> for health activity among young people in the community. Our literature search identified 3670 papers, 104 <strong>of</strong> which met our relevance criteria. A total <strong>of</strong> 85 full text papers were scrutinised in the review, including 30 reports <strong>of</strong> quantitative studies and 55 reports <strong>of</strong> qualitative and mixed methods research. Many <strong>of</strong> these were excluded on the grounds that they were not reporting on an intervention or, in the case <strong>of</strong> qualitative accounts, were reportage rather than research. A total <strong>of</strong> 15 papers are included in the review: 9 <strong>of</strong> these were reports <strong>of</strong> quantitative research and 6 qualitative research papers. All <strong>of</strong> these projects focused on drama interventions: hence our research found no evidence <strong>of</strong> evaluated music and dance interventions within non-clinical settings. Our review included critical appraisal <strong>of</strong> studies and a number <strong>of</strong> validity issues were identified. In relation to quantitative research, we found some good examples <strong>of</strong> controlled studies that used randomisation to allocate individuals to intervention or control groups, although the majority <strong>of</strong> studies used non-random samples. Issues <strong>of</strong> sample size, power considerations, randomisation and blinding need to be addressed in future research. In relation to qualitative research, we found that methodologies <strong>of</strong> action research, grounded theory and ethnography were used to good effect. However, issues <strong>of</strong> reporting <strong>of</strong> data collection, appropriate frameworks <strong>of</strong> data analysis, ethical issues and consideration <strong>of</strong> the relationships between researcher and participants need to be addressed in future research. <strong>The</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> heterogeneity is strongly apparent in both the quantitative and qualitative studies, which reported on diverse populations, interventions and settings, making any kind <strong>of</strong> synthesis <strong>of</strong> the results 1
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