Organic Waste From Food Manufacturing/Processing Industries

NREB 

Natural Resources and Environment Board 

Sarawak 

ORGANIC WASTE FROM FOOD MANUFACTURING / 

PROCESSING INDUSTRIES 

September 2004 

DANIDA 

Danish International Development Assistance

DANIDA-SARAWAK GOVERNMENT 

Urban Environmental Management System Project 

ORGANIC WASTE FROM FOOD 

MANUFACTURING/PROCESSING INDUSTRIES 

September 2004 

Report no. UEMS_TEC_02_32 

Issue no. 1 

Date of issue September 2004 

Prepared 

Checked 

Approved 

Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd 

ILA


TABLE OF CONTENT 

1.0 Introduction 

2.0 Objectives Of Survey 

3.0 Sampling Size 

4.0 List Of Selected Food manufacturing/Processing Industries 

5.0 Method Of Survey 

6.0 Survey Result 

6.1 Agriculture Products Processing 

6.2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc 

6.3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn) 

6.4 Meehon, Noddles & Related Products 

6.5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation 

6.6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries 

6.7 Abattoir 

6.8 Waste Water Treatment Facility 

7.0 Public Point Of View 

8.0 Discussion 

8.1 Physical Form and Moisture Content Of the Organic Waste 

8.2 Disposal method for Total Organic Waste From 21 Food 

Manufacturing/Processing Factories In Kuching 

8.3 Disposal Form Of Organic Waste 

8.4 Public Opinion 

9.0 Conclusion 

10.0 Appendix


Organic Waste From Food Manufacturing/Processing 

Industries 

1.0 Introduction 

Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (“TEK”) is a local total water management 

company based in Sarawak. TEK has been appointed by Natural Resources & 

Environment Board (“NREB”) to conduct a field survey on the production of re-useable 

organic waste by various industries in Kuching. 

2.0 Objectives of Survey 

This field survey is to determine the quantity and observed quality of the organic waste 

produced by various food manufacturing/processing industries in Kuching. 

3.0 Sampling Size 

Number of Food Manufacturing/Processing factories in Kuching registered with NREB is 

126 factroies (Source : Manufacturing/Processing Industries in Kuching, April 2002 by 

NREB and DANCED). A sampling size of 20 factories and 1 abattoir representing 

various major types of food manufacturing / processing industries have been selected for 

the survey. The selected factories for the survey are shown in Section 4.0. 

Selection of Food Manufacturing/Processing factories is based on respective sector and 

industry size. Sampling size for each sector is a minimum of 10 % as shown below: 

No. Industry Sector Total Sample Sampling Size 

1 Agriculture Products Processing 8 1 13 % 

2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc 23 3 13 % 

3 

Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & 

Prawn) 

17 3 18 % 

4 Meehon, Noodles & Related Products 9 3 33 % 

5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation 51 9 18 % 

6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries 12 3 25 % 

7 Abattoir 1 1 100 %


4.0 List of the Selected Food Manufacturing/Processing Industries 

Agriculture Products Processing 

1 Syarikat Kion Hong Oil Mill 

Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc 

1 Sedap Food (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 

2 Taiten Food Industries Sdn Bhd 

3 Pico Food Industry Sdn Bhd 

Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn) 

1 Sea horse Corporation Sdn Bhd 

2 CCK Sea products Industries Sdn Bhd 

3 Kuching Frozen Food Co. Sdn Bhd 

Meehon, Noodles & Related Products 

1 Lee Fah Mee Sdn Bhd 

2 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd 

3 THK Food Industries Sdn Bhd 

Miscellaneous Food Preparation 

1 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 

2 Dahfa Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd 

3 Vanilla Foods Centre Sdn Bhd 

4 Treats Dairies (S) Sdn Bhd 

5 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd 

6 Gulf and Pacific Industries Sdn Bhd 

7 Goodwill Avenue Cold Storage Sdn Bhd 

8 Heng Feng Industry Sdn Bhd 

9 K&L Farming Industries Sdn Bhd 

Beverages Manufacturing Industries 

1 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 

2 F&NCC Beverages Sdn Bhd 

3 Sundrop Fruits Juices Berhad 

Abbatoir 

1 PPES Ternak


5.0 Method of Survey 

Field survey was conducted in the form of interviews with the management/operational 

personnel and plant survey of the selected food manufacturing/processing factories to 

determine the quantity and quality of the organic waste generated from their processes. 

Questionnaires were completed with required information, verified and stamped by the 

respective management at the end of the interview section (as per completed survey 

forms attached). 

6.0 Survey Results 

The survey was carried out between June –July 2004. The list of food 

manufacturing/processing factories surveyed were different from the original proposed 

list due to either irrelevant production processes or unable to obtain permission from the 

management to conduct the interview and survey. However, the sampling size was 

maintained at 20 factories and 1 abattoir. The result of the survey is shown below.


6.1 Agriculture Products Processing 

No. 

Name of Industry 

Process 

Description 

Type of 

Waste 

Quantity per 

Month 

(kg/month) 

Physical 

Form 

Waste Content 

Moisture 

Content (%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Disposal 

Method 

1 

Syarikat Kion Hoong 

Cooking Oil Mills 

Sdn Bhd 

Palm oil and 

coconut oil 

refinery 

Coconut 

cake 


bleaching 

earth 

150,000 Solid Coconut press 

cake 

30,000 

Solid 

Wasted bleaching 

earth 

5-7 % oil 


6.2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc 

No. 


Process 

Description 

Type of 


Quantity per 

Month 

(kg/month) 

Physical 

Form 


Moisture 

Content (%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Disposal 

Method 

1 

Taiten Food 

Industries Sdn Bhd 

Snack food 

Snack food 

waste 

Very 

minimum 

Solid 

Flour, maize grits, 

flavoring, 

coloring 

< 10 % water Raw Re-sale as 

animal feed 

2 

Sedap Food 

(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 

Snack food 

Snack food 

waste 

130 

Solid 

Flour, corn grit, 

Flavoring, 

coloring 


animal feed 

3 

Pico Food Industry 

Sdn Bhd 

Snack food 

Wafer biscuit 

Snack food 

waste 

Wafer 

waste 

130 

Solid 

Rice flour, corn 

grits, Flavoring, 

coloring 


animal feed 

1300 Solid Flour 70% water Raw Trieneken


6.3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn) 

No. 

1 

2 

3 


Sea horse 

Corporation Sdn Bhd 

CCK Sea products 


Kuching Frozen Food 

Co. Sdn Bhd 

Process 

Description 

Prawn and 

Fish 

Preparation 

and 

Preservine 

Prawn 

Preparation 

and 

Preservine 

Prawn 

Preparation 

and 

Preservine 

Type of 


Prawn shell 

and heads 

Fish 

processing 

waste 

Prawn shell 

and heads 

Prawn shell 

and heads 

Quantity per 

Month 

(kg/month) 

Physical 

Form 


26,000 Solid Prawn heads and 

shells 

Max 78,000 

56,000 

53, 000 

Solid 

Solid 

Solid 

Fish bones, 

heads, skin and 

internal organs 

Prawn heads and 

shells 

Prawn heads and 

shells 

Moisture 

Content (%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Disposal 

Method 

~ 60 % Raw Re-sale as 

animal feed 

~ 80 % Raw 

~ 60 % Raw 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

~ 60 % Raw Given to 

farmer as 

animal feed


6.4 Meehon, Noodles & Related Products 

No. 

1 

2 

3 


Lee Fah Mee Sdn 

Bhd 

Nestle Foods (M) 

Sdn Bhd 

THK Food Industries 

Sdn Bhd 

Process 

Description 

Noodles 

processing 

Noodles 

processing 

Noodles 

processing 

Type of 


Noodle 

waste 

Flour waste 

from 

mixing 

tank 

cleaning 

Deep fried 

oil 

Noodle 

waste 

Noodle 

waste 

Cooking 

oil 

Quantity per 

Month 

(kg/month) 

600 

Physical 

Form 

Solid 

400 Solid 


Moisture 

Content (%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Flour, egg, 

ingredient < 10 % Raw 

Disposal 

Method 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Flour, egg, 

ingredient ~ 90 % Raw Trieneken 

1,000 

Liquid Oil Nil Raw 

Flour, egg, 

3,000 Solid 

ingredient < 10 % Raw 

Flour, egg, 

Max 2500 

Solid ingredient < 10 % Raw 

Max 150 

Liquid Oil Nil Raw 

Re-sale for 

other purpose 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Re-sale for 

other purpose


6.5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation 

No. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 


Yeo Hiap Seng 

(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 

Dahfa Food 

Manufacturing Sdn 

Bhd 

Gulf and Pacific 


Treats Dairies (S) 

Sdn Bhd 

Nestle Foods (M) 

Sdn Bhd 

Process 

Description 

Soya sauce 

processing 

Chili sauce 

processing 

Artificial 

vinegar 

Fish fillet 

snack 

Concentrated 

fruit cordial 

Ice-cream 

Waste Water 

Treatment 

Plant 

Waste Water 

Treatment 

Plant 

Type of 


Soya bean 

paste 

Quantity 

per Month 

(kg/month) 

Physical 

Form 


Moisture 

Content (%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Disposal 

Method 

Max 24,000 Solid Soya bean, salt ~ 80 % Raw Trieneken 

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Fish waste 1500 Solid Fish heads, 

bones, tails, skin 

Calamansi 

fruit waste 

Machine 

start-up 

waste 

550 Solid Calamansi fruit 

waste 

78 Slurry Milk powder/fat, 

sugar, flavouring 

Filter cake 1,092 Solid Milk powder/fat, 

sugar, flavouring 

Milk powder, 

Cake from 

Solid sugar, flour, 

200 

drying bed 

ingredient and 

flavouring 

80% Raw 

~ 70 % Raw 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Given as 

animal 

feed/Trieneken 

~ 99% Raw Trieneken 

~ 80 % Treated Trieneken 

~ 60 % Treated 

Trieneken


6 

Vanilla Foods Centre 

Sdn Bhd 

Chicken and 

vegetable 

processing 

Chicken 

processing 

waste 

Vegetable 

processing 

waste 

900 Solid Chicken internal 

organ, bones, 

heads 

600 Solid 

~ 60 % Raw Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Vegetable rotten 

leave and stems ~ 80 % Raw 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

7 

8 

9 

Goodwill Avenue 

Cold Storage Sdn 

Bhd 

Heng Feng Industry 

Sdn Bhd 

K&L Farming 


Chicken 

slaughtering 

Chicken 

slaughtering 

Chicken 

slaughtering 

Chicken 

processing 

waste 

Blood and 

washing 

water 

Chicken 

processing 

waste 

Chicken 

processing 

waste 

Skin of 

chicken 

claw 

Intestine 

waste 

26, 000 Solid 

Chicken 

unwanted 

internal organ, 

feathers 

80 % Raw 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

13,000 Liquid Blood 99 % Raw Drain 

45,000 Solid 

Chicken feathers, 

intestine, 

coagulated blood 

70 % Raw 

30,000 Solid Feathers 60 % Raw 

300 Solid Skin 60 % Raw 

36,000 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

Collected by 

private 

company. RM 

2400/month 

incurred. 

Solid Intestine 80 % Raw Re-sale as 

animal feed


6.6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries 

No. 

1 

2 

3 

Name of 

Industry 

Yeo Hiap Seng 

(Sarawak) Sdn 

Bhd 

F&NCC 

Beverages Sdn 

Bhd 

Sundrop Fruits 

Juices Berhad 

Process 

Description 

Type of Waste 

Quantity 

per Month 

(kg/month) 

Physical 

Form 


Moisture 

Content 

(%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Soya bean drink Soya bean paste 1,200 Solid Soya bean paste 60 % Raw 

Chrysanthemum 

drink 

Waste water 

Treatment Plant 

Soya bean drink 

Chrysanthemum 

drink 

Coffee drink 

Grass jelly 

drink 

Chrysanthemum 

extract waste 

Max 80 Solid Chrysanthemum 

extract 

Disposal 

Method 

Re-sale as 

animal feed 

60 % Raw Trieneken 

Sludge cake 400 Slurry Organic sludge 98 % Treated 

Soya bean paste 

Chrysanthemum 

extract waste 

Coffee bean 

waste 

Grass jelly 

waste 

Collected by 

tanker. RM 

100/trip 

1,200 Solid Soya bean 60 % Raw Re-sale for 

other purpose 

9,000 Solid Soya bean < 10 % Roasted Re-sale as 

animal feed 

384 Solid Chrysanthemum 

extract 

60 % Raw Re-sale for 

other purpose 

Max 4800 Solid Coffee bean 60 % Raw Re-sale for 

other purpose 

800 Solid Grass jelly 

extract waste 

80 % Raw Re-sale for 

other purpose


6.7 Abattoir 

No. 

Name of 

Industry 

Process 

Description 

Cattle, camel, 

goat and deer 

farm 

Type of Waste 

Animal waste 

from cattle and 

camel 

Animal waste 

from goat and 

deer 

Quantity 

per Month 

(kg/month) 

450 

7.5 

Physical 

Form 


Moisture 

Content 

(%) 

Disposal 

Form 

Disposal 

Method 

Slurry Dung and urine 95 % Raw Taken by 

farmer 

Solid Dung and urine 60 % Raw Taken by 

farmer 

1 

PPES Ternak Sdn 

Bhd 

Animal 

slaughtering 

house 

Slaughtering 

waste 

4500 Liquid 

1236 Solid 

Blood, stomach 

& intestine 

content 

Stomach & 

intestine content 

99 % Raw Pond 

80 % Raw Trieneken 

Pig 

Slaughtering 

House 

Slaughtering 

waste 

7800 Slurry 

Dung, stomach 

juice and blood 

~ 90 % Raw Holding pond 

5.2 Solid Pig hair/fur ~ 80 % Raw Holding Pond


6.8 Waste Water Treatment Facility 

S/N 

Factory Name 

Waste water volume 

produced per day 

(Liter) 

Handling Method for waste 

water 

Type of Treatment 

1 Syarikat Kion Hong Oil Mill 50 Nil Nil 

2 Sedap Food (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil 

3 Taiten Food Industries Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil 

4 Pico Food Industry Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil 

5 Sea horse Corporation Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Waste water treatment plant 

Water clarification and 

solid catchments 

6 CCK Sea products Industries Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress 

7 Kuching Frozen Food Co. Sdn Bhd 3 000 – 5 000 Nil Nil 

8 Lee Fah Mee Sdn Bhd 500 Nil Nil 

9 THK Food Industries Sdn Bhd 500 Nil Nil 

10 Dahfa Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd 60 000 – 80 000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress 

11 Vanilla Foods Centre Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Nil Nil 

12 Treats Dairies (S) Sdn Bhd 12 500 Waste water treatment plant 

Chemical and biological 

treatment 

13 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment 

14 Gulf and Pacific Industries Sdn Bhd 3 000 – 5 000 Nil Nil 

15 

Goodwill Avenue Cold Storage 

Solid catchments at outlet 

500 Nil 

Sdn Bhd 

to drain 

16 K&L Farming Industries Sdn Bhd 150 000 Nil Nil 

17 Heng Feng Industry Sdn Bhd 150 000 Nil Nil 

18 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment 

19 F&NCC Beverages Sdn Bhd 15 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment 

20 Sundrop Fruits Juices Berhad 1000-2000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress 

21 PPES Ternak 4500 Holding Pond Nil


7.0 Public Point of View 

7.1 Question: Do you support the idea of Organic Waste Recycling or Reuse for a 

cleaner environment 

Feedback: 

Yes 

No 

100 % 0 % 

7.2 Question : Are you willing to pay a small fee to a waste management company or 

a government agency which offer a proper organic waste management 

system to handle your factory’s organic waste 

Feedback : 

Yes 

No 

48 % 52 %


8.0 Discussion 

8.1 Physical Form and Moisture Content of the Organic Waste 

From this survey, 44 types of waste have been identified from the 21 selected food 

manufacturing/processing factories. 79.55 % of the 44 types of organic waste is in solid 

form and the remaining 20.45 % is in slurry or liquid form (this did not include waste 

water from floor and machine cleaning). Beverages, ice-cream processing, cooking oil 

from noodle processing and animal blood from chicken slaughtering house are the main 

contributors to the liquid or slurry organic waste.

Number Of Waste Type 


Chart 1 : % Of Solid Content For Waste Type 

14 

% Of Solid Content For Waste Type 

13 

12 

10 

9 

9 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

7 

4 

2 

0 

0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

< 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 90% > 90% 

% Solid Content 

Liquid/Slurry Waste 

Solid Waste 

Number Of Waste Type


Based on Chart 1, 36 waste type (79.55%) are in solid form and 8 waste type (20.45 %) 

are in liquid/slurry form which include 2 waste oil. 

8.2 Disposal Method for Organic Waste from Food Manufacturing/Processing 


Total organic waste from the 21 factroies is estimated to be around 610 metric tonnes per 

month. Out of 613 metric tonnes of the organic waste, 81.35 % were re-used as animal 

feed or as fertilizer; 4.89 % used as landfill at their own premise; 9.63 % collected and 

disposed off by either private company or Trienekens and 4.13 % directly discharged into 

pond or drain. 

Chart 2 : Main Disposal Method For Total Organic Waste From 21 Food 

Manufacturing/Processing Factories in Kuching 

Disposal Method for Organic Waste 

4.13% 

4.63% 

5.00% 

4.89% 

8.81% 

Resale for animal feed or 

other purpose 

Given to farmer as fertilizer 

or animal feed 

Used as landfill at their own 

premise 

Being collected by private 

company for disposal 

Disposed by Trieneken 

72.54% 

Discharge into pond or 

drain.

Beverages Manufacturing 


Meehon, Noodles & 

Related Products 

Agriculture Products 

Processing 

Fish Preparation & 

Preservince (Fish & 

Prawn) 

Miscellaneous Food 

Preparation 

Biscuits 

Factories/Confectioneries 

etc 

Abattoir 

Percentage of waste by Weight 


Chart 3 : Organic Waste Disposal Method by Each Industrial Sector 

100% 

Organic Waste Disposal Method By Each Industry Sector 

80% 

60% 

40% 

20% 

0% 

Re-sale for animal feed or other purpose 

Used as landfill at their own premise 

Discharge into pond or drain 

Given to farmer as fertiliser or 

Being collected by private company for disposal 

Trieneken


Based on Chart 2 and Chart 3, most of the 21 food manufacturing/processing factories reuse 

~ 86 % of the organic waste. Only ~ 14 % of total organic waste is not recycled but 

disposed off by Trienekens or private company or discharge into pond or drain. 

8.3 Disposal Form of Organic Waste 

90% of the organic waste were disposed in its raw condition/form. The remaining 10 % 

of the organic waste were treated before disposal and it consists mainly of sludge cake, 

organic sludge from wastewater treatment plant and oven dried soya bean paste. The 

treated organic wastes from wastewater treatment plant have been blended with organic 

compound during treatment. 

8.4 Public Opinion 

All the 21 food manufacturing/processing factories selected for this survey agreed and 

supported the idea of recycling or reusing the organic waste for a cleaner environment. 

However, only 48% of the factories surveyed were willing to pay for a fee if it were 

imposed by the government or private company to collect the organic waste for proper 

waste management, provided that the imposed fees were reasonable and would not be a 

burden to the industry. 

52 % of the 21 factories did not agree or willing to pay fees for the disposal of their 

organic waste because the organic waste from the industry still has a re-sale value. They 

feel that the Government or private company should help the food manufacturing / 

processing industry with a proper organic waste processing system rather than just 

imposing disposal cost. 

9.0 Conclusion 

From this survey on the 21 selected food manufacturing / processing factories, the 

quantity of organic waste produced is feasible for collection for further processing. 

However, 80% of these solid organic waste still has a re-sale or re-usable value, therefore, 

collection of these waste may incur cost rather than collecting waste disposing fees from 

the waste generators. The Government or private company should take into consideration 

of the cost of the waste if they intend to collect the organic waste from food 

manufacturing/processing industries. 

Besides the food manufacturing/processing industries, restaurants; bakeries and wet 

market are other industries, which are also the major organic waste producers. A survey 

should also be conducted for these food outlets and eateries.


10.0 Appendix

Organic Waste From Food Manufacturing/Processing Industries

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