Cladophora - KrisWeb
Cladophora - KrisWeb
Cladophora - KrisWeb
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A picture guide to algae in the<br />
Eel River watershed<br />
Originally compiled by Rex Lowe, Bowling Green State University<br />
Expanded by Paula Furey, University of California Berkeley (2009)<br />
1
<strong>Cladophora</strong><br />
Rusty<br />
Yll<br />
Green Yellow Rusty<br />
Green<br />
Yellow<br />
2<br />
Modified from Power et al (in press 2009)
<strong>Cladophora</strong> showing chloroplasts<br />
<strong>Cladophora</strong> with few epiphytes: “green” in the field<br />
<strong>Cladophora</strong> feels rough, and<br />
when you squeeze it, it looks like cotton<br />
Slightly<br />
irregularly<br />
shaped cells<br />
Thick cell wall<br />
pkukmweb.ukm.my/.../kkripto_files/image249.jpg<br />
Reticulated chloroplasts<br />
branching<br />
3<br />
Copyright 1995-2009 Protist Information Server
<strong>Cladophora</strong> with moderate epiphyte load<br />
Often “Yellow” in the field<br />
Cocconeis<br />
Cymbella<br />
Gomphonema<br />
Rhoicosphenia<br />
4
<strong>Cladophora</strong> with heavy epiphyte load<br />
Often “rusty-red” in the field<br />
Rhopalodia<br />
Epithemia<br />
sorex<br />
Epithemia<br />
Epithemia turgida 5
Rhoicosphenia abbreviata<br />
Achnanthidium minutissimum<br />
Epithemia turgida<br />
Epithemia<br />
sorex<br />
Cocconeis pediculus<br />
Cocconeis placentula<br />
6
<strong>Cladophora</strong> tufts<br />
woven by midges<br />
Midge gut contents<br />
7
Vorticella (not algae)<br />
Cocconeis<br />
8
Filamentous, green algal spp (Chlorophyta):<br />
These genera have mucilaginous sheaths: “slimy” to touch<br />
Spirogyra<br />
spiraling chloroplast<br />
l Zygnema<br />
Two star shaped<br />
chloroplasts<br />
conjugation<br />
Mougeotia<br />
flat, plate-like chloroplast that<br />
sometimes has a twist<br />
“buttons” down the<br />
middle (pyrenoids)<br />
9
Spirogyra<br />
Mougeotia<br />
Zygnema<br />
10
More filamentous greens<br />
Oedogonium<br />
Look for<br />
“apical caps” or<br />
‘growth rings’ on some cells<br />
Asexual zoospores<br />
Note the heavier epiphyte load<br />
(in this case Chamaesiphon) on the<br />
older cell compared with the new cell.<br />
Cells often slightly irregular in shape<br />
Often has epiphytes:<br />
rough to touch 11
Other filamentous greens<br />
Bulbochaetae<br />
Stigeoclonium<br />
“bulbous” setae on<br />
ends of filaments<br />
http://vis-pc.plantbio.ohiou.edu/algaeimage/pages/Stigeoclonium.html<br />
Ulothrix<br />
Gonatozygon<br />
“c” shaped<br />
chloroplast<br />
12
Non-filamentous<br />
greens - Desmids<br />
Cosmarium<br />
Micrasterias<br />
Note slight<br />
indent in<br />
the “middle”<br />
Staurastrum<br />
Pleurotaenium<br />
Spirotaenia<br />
Closterium<br />
13<br />
Desmidium
Non-filamentous<br />
greens<br />
Pediastrum<br />
Crucigenia<br />
Scenedesmus<br />
(Desmodesmus if it<br />
has spines)<br />
Oocystis<br />
Tetraedron<br />
14<br />
Characium
Other greens<br />
Volvox<br />
Sperm<br />
packets<br />
Apiocystis<br />
Daughter colonies<br />
Zoochlorella<br />
(found inside another org.)<br />
(heliozoan<br />
15
Other<br />
green algae<br />
Gloeocystis<br />
Pandorina<br />
www.life.umd.edu/.../chaetosphaeridium.jpg<br />
Chaetosphaeridium<br />
Aphanochaete<br />
Gongosira<br />
www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/.../g/chl/dunaliella.jpg<br />
Ankistrodesmus<br />
Dunaliella<br />
Coleochaete<br />
16
Nostoc<br />
Cyanobacteria<br />
Cells are within a<br />
mucilaginous sheath<br />
Heterocyst<br />
(nitrogen fixation)<br />
Nostoc parmeloides Kützing<br />
Midge inside<br />
Nostoc ‘ear’<br />
17
Anabaena<br />
Cylindrospermopsis<br />
heterocyte<br />
(in the middle)<br />
akinete<br />
Terminal<br />
heterocyte<br />
akinete<br />
18
Rivulariales<br />
Rivularia<br />
Calothrix<br />
terminal<br />
heterocyte<br />
Solitary<br />
trichome<br />
19
Oscillatoriales<br />
Phormidium<br />
envis.kuenvbiotech.org/images/Phormidium_2.jpg<br />
Oscillatoria<br />
www.virtual-geology.info/.../images/lyngbya1.jpg<br />
Lyngbya<br />
20
Other fixing cyanobacteria<br />
21
Tolypothrix<br />
Scytonema<br />
double false<br />
branching<br />
heterocyte<br />
Single false<br />
branching<br />
heterocyte<br />
necridic cell<br />
22
Other Cyanobacteria<br />
Aphanothece<br />
www.glerl.noaa.gov/.../Images/chamaesiphon.jpg<br />
Chamaesiphon<br />
(on <strong>Cladophora</strong>)<br />
)<br />
Merismopedia<br />
23
Rhodophyta – red algae: Batrachospermum<br />
(sometimes called ‘frog-spawn’ algae after its’ appearance)<br />
Under a slide<br />
24
Chrysophyta<br />
Mallomonas<br />
Euglenophyta<br />
Synura<br />
Chrysosphaerella<br />
longispina<br />
Dinobryon<br />
Dinoflagellates<br />
Trachelomonas<br />
Euglena<br />
Phacus<br />
25<br />
Gymnodinium
Xanthophyceae<br />
(yellow-green algae)<br />
Feels like cat fur,<br />
or a felt-like mat.<br />
Vaucheria<br />
- Hollow tubes or ‘siphons’<br />
- Coenocytic<br />
Chloroplasts often align on the<br />
outside of the cell where the<br />
most light is.<br />
Reproductive structures 26
Bacillariophyta<br />
(diatoms)<br />
Epithemia<br />
Girdle view<br />
Valve view<br />
Endosymbionts<br />
(nitrogen fixing)<br />
27
Epithemia<br />
turgida<br />
Valve view<br />
Girdle view<br />
3 or fewer<br />
rows of striae<br />
between<br />
fibulae<br />
“moustache” only goes<br />
part way up valve edge<br />
Endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria<br />
Epithemia turgida Ehrenberg (Kützing)<br />
28
Epithemia adnata<br />
Fibulae<br />
3 or more rows of<br />
striae between fibulae<br />
Girdle view<br />
Valve view<br />
Epithemia adnata (Kützing) Brébisson<br />
29
Epithemia sorex<br />
‘moustache goes all<br />
the way to the top<br />
Cyanobacteria<br />
endosymbionts<br />
Girdle views<br />
Valve view<br />
Sexual reproduction<br />
30<br />
Epithemia sorex Kützing
Rhopalodia<br />
(looks like a canoe<br />
in valve view)<br />
Endosymbiotic<br />
cyanobacteria<br />
Valve view<br />
Girdle view<br />
Rhopalodia gibba var. gibba Kützing Brébisson Ehrenberg (O. Müller)<br />
31
Cocconeis pediculus<br />
Cocconeis placentula<br />
Raphe valve<br />
Cocconeis spp.<br />
Raphe valve<br />
“saddle shaped”<br />
Rapheless<br />
valve<br />
Rapheless valve<br />
girdle<br />
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg<br />
Cocconeis placentula var. 32 lineata<br />
(Ehrenberg) Van Heurck
Cocconeis<br />
Cocconeis pediculus<br />
epiphytic on<br />
<strong>Cladophora</strong><br />
Cocconeis<br />
reproduction<br />
Cocconeis associated rust spots on <strong>Cladophora</strong><br />
33
Rhoicosphenia<br />
Valve view<br />
Focus 1:<br />
ends in focus<br />
Focus 2:<br />
Middle in focus<br />
Girdle<br />
view:<br />
‘bent’ or<br />
curved<br />
Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot<br />
34
Gomphonema spp<br />
stalk<br />
stigma<br />
keisou.hp.infoseek.co.jp/.../gomphone.html<br />
35
Gomphonema sp 1<br />
Girdle<br />
view<br />
“triangle,<br />
not bent”<br />
Valve<br />
view<br />
stalks<br />
36
Gomphonema sp 2<br />
stigma<br />
stigma<br />
Valve<br />
view<br />
Valve view<br />
Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg<br />
Valve<br />
view<br />
Gomphonema sp 4<br />
Gomphonema truncatum t Ehrenberg<br />
Girdle view<br />
Valve<br />
view<br />
Girdle<br />
view<br />
Gomphonema sp 5 37
Gomphoneis sp<br />
Valve view<br />
Line running along<br />
length of valve face<br />
Girdle view<br />
stigma<br />
38
Cymbella<br />
Cymbella tumida<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Raphe curves up<br />
Valve view<br />
Girdle view<br />
Cymbella cistula complex<br />
Stigmas on ventral side<br />
39
Encyonema<br />
Raphe curves down<br />
(compare with Cymbella)<br />
craticula.ncl.ac.uk/.../images/raphe_lateral.jpg<br />
40
Centric diatoms<br />
Melosira<br />
valve<br />
view<br />
½ cell<br />
(one valve)<br />
whole<br />
cell<br />
auxospore<br />
Melosira varians Agardh<br />
www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Melosira_varians.jpg<br />
Cyclotella<br />
Girdle view<br />
valve view<br />
girdle idl<br />
view<br />
41
Diatoma (two species)<br />
Girdle view<br />
1<br />
Valve view<br />
Diatoma tenuis Agardh.<br />
2<br />
www4.eas.asu.edu/.../Diatoma-r12-1-girdle.gif<br />
Diatoma vulgaris Bory<br />
42
Fragilaria sp 1<br />
(most common)<br />
Girdle view – many cells<br />
Valve view<br />
Other Fragilaria sp<br />
43
Synedra (or Ulnaria) sp.<br />
Girdle view<br />
Valve view<br />
44
Navicula spp<br />
Sp2<br />
Sp 1<br />
(larger and more heavily<br />
silicified relative to Sp 2<br />
which is faint<br />
45<br />
N. meniculsus cryptotennala
Navicula sp. 3<br />
Note pinched ends<br />
Navicula capitoradiata<br />
46
4<br />
Nitschia spp<br />
- Be sure to optically dissect<br />
the diatom to see the raphe<br />
(up on a keel) on both sides<br />
3<br />
5<br />
1<br />
Girdle view<br />
Valve view<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Raphe on keel<br />
7<br />
47
Planothidium<br />
Same<br />
specimen<br />
Rapheless valve<br />
Raphe valve<br />
“horseshoe”<br />
Same<br />
specimen<br />
48
Miscellaneous<br />
diatoms<br />
Gyrosigma<br />
Achnanthidium<br />
minutissimum<br />
Amphipleura<br />
49
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