P<strong>la</strong>nets Space, 59, 307–311. Sato, T., Tamura, Y., Matsumoto, K., Imanishi, Y. and McQueen, H., 2004. Parameters of the fluid core resonance inferred from superconducting gravimeter data, J. Geodyn., 38, 375-389. Sato, Tadahiro, Jun’ichi Okuno, Jacques Hin<strong>de</strong>rer, Daniel S. MacMil<strong>la</strong>n, Hans-Peter P<strong>la</strong>g, Olivier Francis, Reinhard Falk, and Yoichi Fukuda, 2006. A geophysical interpretation of the secu<strong>la</strong>r disp<strong>la</strong>cement and gravity rates observed at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard in the Arctic - Effects of post-g<strong>la</strong>cial rebound and present-day ice melting -, G. J. Int., 165., 729-743, doi: 10.IIII/j.1365-246x.2006.02992.x. T. Sato, S. Miura, Y. Ohta, H. Fujimoto, W. Sun, C.F. Larsen, M. Heavner, A.M. Kaufman, J.T. Freymueller, 2008. Earth ti<strong>de</strong>s observed by gravity and GPS in southeastern A<strong>la</strong>ska, J. Geodyn., 46, 78–89. Schenewerk, M. S., J. Marshall and W. Dillingar (2001), Vertical Ocean-loading Deformations Derived from a Global GPS Network, J. Geod. Soc. Japan, Vol.47, No.1, 237-242. Schwi<strong>de</strong>rski, E. W. (1980), On charting global ocean ti<strong>de</strong>s, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 18, 243-268. Takasu, T., and Kasai, S., 2005. Development of precise orbit/clock <strong>de</strong>termination software for GPS/GNSS, Proce. the 49th Space Sciences and Technology Conference, Hiroshima, Japan (in Japanese), 1223-1227. Takasu, T., 2006. High-rate Precise Point Positioning: Detection of crustal <strong>de</strong>formation by using 1-Hz GPS data, GPS/GNSS symposium 2006, Tokyo, 52-59. Tamura Y., Sato, T., Ooe, M. and Ishiguro, M., 1991. A procedure for tidal analysis with a Bayesian information criterion, Geophys. J. Int., 104, 507-516. Thomas, I. D., King, M. A., C<strong>la</strong>rke, P. J., 2007. A comparison of GPS, VLBI and mo<strong>de</strong>l estimates of ocean ti<strong>de</strong> loading disp<strong>la</strong>cements, J. Geo<strong>de</strong>sy, 81(5), 359-268. Wahr, J. M., 1981. Body ti<strong>de</strong>s of an elliptical, rotating, e<strong>la</strong>stic and oceanless Earth, Geophys. R. Astron. Soc., 64, 677-703. Wang, R., 1991. Tidal <strong>de</strong>formations of a rotating, spherically symmetric, visco-e<strong>la</strong>stic and <strong>la</strong>terally heterogeneous Earth, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Widmer-Schnidrig, R., 2003. What can superconducting gravimeters contribute to normal mo<strong>de</strong> seismology, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93(3), 1370–1380. Zumberge, J. F., Heflin, M. B., Jefferson, D. C., Watkins, M. M., and Webb, F. H., 1997. Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from <strong>la</strong>rge networks, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (B3), 5005-5017. Zürn, W., Beaumont, C. and Slichter, L. B., 1976. Gravity ti<strong>de</strong>s and ocean loading in southern A<strong>la</strong>ska, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 81, No. 26, 4923-4932. 11762
Table 1. Amplitu<strong>de</strong> differences between the observed tidal disp<strong>la</strong>cements from GPS and the predictions for the four constituents of O 1 , K 1 , M 2 , and S 2 . In this table, the predicted ti<strong>de</strong>s were computed with a combination of the Green’s function for the e<strong>la</strong>stic PREM given by Dehant, Defraigne and Wahr (1999), NAO.99b global ti<strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>l and the Mo<strong>de</strong>l B regional ti<strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>l (see subsection 4). Results for three GPS sites of AB48, AB50 and AB51 are shown. Unit of the amplitu<strong>de</strong> difference: cm. VSM: Vector sum of the NS, EW and UD components. Site Wave Amplitu<strong>de</strong> difference Observation error NS EW UD VSM NS EW UD VSM AB48 O 1 0.38 0.12 0.49 0.50 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 K 1 0.50 0.89 1.43 1.57 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 M 2 0.02 0.08 0.59 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.07 S 2 0.38 0.24 0.82 0.43 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 AB50 O 1 0.10 0.14 0.24 0.27 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.11 K 1 0.25 1.01 0.78 0.89 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.10 M 2 0.11 0.10 0.23 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 S 2 0.77 0.40 0.58 0.38 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 AB51 O 1 0.02 0.10 0.31 0.32 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 K 1 0.23 0.34 0.25 0.29 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 M 2 0.08 0.10 0.37 0.31 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 S 2 0.27 0.25 0.54 0.33 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 11763
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during the years 2003 and 2004. It
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Figure 7: Variation of phase shift,
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Figure 8: Induced gravity load and
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The instrumentation of the tidal st
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4. Tidal analysis The tidal analysi
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References Banka, D., Crossley, D.
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1. Introduction The estimation of a
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Figure 1 Air density distributions
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temperature effect is considered, t
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Figure 4 Attraction effect from the
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a ) up to 0.5° , b) 0.5°- 1.5° ,
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Figure 7 Atmospheric reductions for
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Figure 9 Amplitude spectra of diffe
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Figure 10 SG observation and gravit
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eduction in the long-period tides r
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oceans. The effect has a peak-to-pe
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Figure 1. Local earthquakes recorde
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4. Recording of Data The recorded d
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Table 1: Adjusted tidal parameters
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Acknowledgements: The authors are i
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