Critical Thinking & Clinical Judgment
Critical Thinking & Clinical Judgment
Critical Thinking & Clinical Judgment
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• Once you identify your patient problems, you<br />
can write nursing diagnoses statements using<br />
the PES format:<br />
P:<br />
• Problem - (high risk for injury, pain, constipation,<br />
impaired communication, etc.)<br />
• related to (r/t) use North American Nursing<br />
Diagnosis Association (NANDA) category<br />
E:<br />
• tiology (cause) - (factors that cause the problem)<br />
• manifested by (m/b)<br />
S:<br />
• igns and Symptoms - (the signs and symptoms<br />
that are associated with the problem)
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