Biotic resources extraction impact assessment in LCA of fisheries - Inra
Biotic resources extraction impact assessment in LCA of fisheries - Inra
Biotic resources extraction impact assessment in LCA of fisheries - Inra
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<strong>Biotic</strong> <strong>resources</strong><br />
<strong>extraction</strong> <strong>impact</strong> <strong>assessment</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>LCA</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>fisheries</strong><br />
J. Langlois, P. Fréon, J.P. Delgenes, J.P. Steyer, A. Hélias<br />
Environmental<br />
Life cycle<br />
& Susta<strong>in</strong>ability<br />
Assessment<br />
<strong>LCA</strong> food,<br />
Sa<strong>in</strong>t-Malo, October 2 th - 4 th 2012<br />
1
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Environmental concern <strong>of</strong> <strong>fisheries</strong><br />
• 80 million tons per year<br />
• Fish: 20 % <strong>of</strong> animal prote<strong>in</strong>s<br />
Stock status (FAO, 2008)<br />
3% 12%<br />
Underexploited<br />
32%<br />
Moderately exploited<br />
53%<br />
Fully exploited<br />
Overexploited, depleted or<br />
recover<strong>in</strong>g from depletion<br />
2
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
State <strong>of</strong> the art<br />
• <strong>LCA</strong> + other <strong>in</strong>dicators<br />
<br />
Small-size ratio, fish<strong>in</strong>g-<strong>in</strong>-blance <strong>in</strong>dex<br />
<br />
<br />
Discard ratio, by-catch ratio, NPP use<br />
Area <strong>of</strong> seafloor trawled<br />
Create an <strong>impact</strong> category, <strong>LCA</strong> friendly<br />
Resource competition<br />
Ecosystem productivity<br />
BIOTIC NATURAL<br />
RESOURCE DEPLETION<br />
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES<br />
DAMAGE POTENTIAL<br />
(life support functions)<br />
3
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Indicator for susta<strong>in</strong>able fish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Maximum Susta<strong>in</strong>able Yield (MSY)<br />
Catch Ct<br />
(Mt.yr -1 )<br />
Susta<strong>in</strong>able<br />
fish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Overfish<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
depletion or recover<strong>in</strong>g<br />
MSY<br />
MSY<br />
Fish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
effort E<br />
E MSY<br />
E MSY<br />
High MSY value<br />
Low <strong>impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> the catch<br />
4
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
<strong>Biotic</strong> Natural Resources (BNR) <strong>impact</strong><br />
If susta<strong>in</strong>able fish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
1<br />
Impact =m×<br />
BNR<br />
MSY<br />
<strong>in</strong>ventory<br />
characterization factor<br />
• Differentiation between<br />
species, stock & susta<strong>in</strong>able catches<br />
• In potential time <strong>of</strong> regeneration<br />
5
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
<strong>Biotic</strong> Natural Resources (BNR) <strong>impact</strong><br />
If overfish<strong>in</strong>g & depletion<br />
catch<br />
MSY<br />
low overfish<strong>in</strong>g high catches<br />
high overfish<strong>in</strong>g low catches<br />
effort<br />
1 MSY m<br />
Impact =m× × =<br />
BNR,2<br />
MSY C C<br />
t<br />
t<br />
<strong>in</strong>ventory<br />
characterization factor<br />
6
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Primary production & <strong>in</strong>dicators<br />
NPP<br />
fNPP HANPP<br />
fNPP = NPP - HANPP<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
NPP : Net Primary Production<br />
[kgC.m - ².an -1 ]<br />
fNPP : free Net Primary Production<br />
[kgC.m - ².an -1 ]<br />
HANPP : Human Appropriation <strong>of</strong> Net<br />
Primary Production<br />
[kgC.m - ².an -1 ]<br />
NPPuse : use <strong>of</strong> Net Primary Production<br />
[kg C]<br />
7
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Life Support Functions (LSF) <strong>impact</strong><br />
Impact : uptake <strong>of</strong> primary matter (NPP use )<br />
fNPP<br />
(kg C.m -2 .yr -1 )<br />
NPP use<br />
(kg C)<br />
Q <strong>in</strong>it.<br />
Q ref.<br />
Q use<br />
t 1 t 2 t 3 time<br />
fish to primary matter<br />
conversion factor<br />
NPP scarcity factor<br />
Impact =m<br />
LSF<br />
TE<br />
9<br />
TL-1<br />
1<br />
NPP<br />
ecozone<br />
<strong>in</strong>ventory<br />
characterization factor<br />
8
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
NPP ecozone calculation<br />
Mar<strong>in</strong>e ecoregions <strong>of</strong><br />
the world (WWF)<br />
NPP map<br />
Coastal<br />
zones<br />
Pelagic<br />
zones<br />
NPP ecozone<br />
9
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Exemple<br />
Inventory data<br />
<strong>Biotic</strong> Natural<br />
Resource<br />
Depletion<br />
Life Support<br />
Functions<br />
Type <strong>of</strong> data [unit] Fishery 1 Fishery 2<br />
m [kg ww] 1 1<br />
Ecozone Gulf <strong>of</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong>e Gulf <strong>of</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Species Atlantic herr<strong>in</strong>g Atlantic cod<br />
Stock status (2004) Recover<strong>in</strong>g from Depleted<br />
depletion<br />
Catch [kg ww.yr -1 ] 114 090 4 950<br />
MSY [kg ww.yr -1 ] 194 000 31 159<br />
CF BNR [yr.kg ww -1 ] 8.8 E-15 2.0 E-13<br />
Trophic level 3 3.8<br />
Transfer efficiency [%] 14 14<br />
NPP use [kg C eq ] 22 180<br />
A ecozone [m²] 136 E9 136 E9<br />
NPP ecozone [kg C.yr -1 ] 6.8 E10 6.8 E10<br />
CF LSF [yr.kg C -1 ] 3.2 E-10 2.6 E-9<br />
10
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Discussion: <strong>Biotic</strong> Natural Resources<br />
<br />
• MSY for <strong>Biotic</strong> Natural Resources Depletion <strong>assessment</strong><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Availability <strong>of</strong> data<br />
Commonly used by management agencies<br />
Allows <strong>assessment</strong> for non-overexploited species<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Steady-state conditions<br />
S<strong>in</strong>gle-species stock <strong>assessment</strong> (no species <strong>in</strong>teraction)<br />
<br />
• Relevance <strong>of</strong> C t for overexploited stocks<br />
<br />
Future for overexploited stocks hardly predictable…<br />
C t [MSY ; stock ext<strong>in</strong>ction]<br />
11
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Discussion: Life Support Functions<br />
<br />
<br />
• NPP use for Life Support Functions <strong>assessment</strong><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Availability <strong>of</strong> data<br />
Already used <strong>in</strong> complement <strong>of</strong> <strong>fisheries</strong> <strong>LCA</strong><br />
Include commercial species, discards and by-catches<br />
No <strong>in</strong>direct effects on the other trophic levels<br />
<br />
<br />
• NPP ecozone for Life Support Functions <strong>assessment</strong><br />
<br />
<br />
Integrate scarcity<br />
Accuracy <strong>of</strong> NPP values (from remote sens<strong>in</strong>g and global<br />
models)<br />
• Compatibility with terrestrial land use & other mar<strong>in</strong>e<br />
activities<br />
<br />
<strong>in</strong> progress…<br />
12
Research group <strong>in</strong> life cycle and susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Context Method – resource depletion Method – Life support functions Results & Discussion<br />
Conclusion<br />
• New framework<br />
• Operational characterisation factors<br />
Easily calculable<br />
• Dist<strong>in</strong>ction between species<br />
• Common unit for <strong>impact</strong><br />
Potential time <strong>of</strong> regeneration<br />
• Many challenges rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g :<br />
Seafloor damage & biodiversity <strong>assessment</strong><br />
Sea use : consistency with land use <strong>impact</strong><br />
<strong>assessment</strong><br />
13
Thank you for your attention!<br />
Environmental<br />
Life cycle<br />
& Susta<strong>in</strong>ability<br />
Assessment<br />
Questions <br />
14
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