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Autumn 2011.pub - Australian Youth Mentoring Network

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Research Quarterly<br />

Issue No. 4<br />

<strong>Autumn</strong> 2011<br />

The <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Mentoring</strong> <strong>Network</strong>: a national hub for youth mentoring research, tools and resources<br />

Articles in this edition:<br />

Lee, Joanna M., Lauren J. Germain,<br />

Edith C. Lawrence, and Jenna H.<br />

Marshall. 2010. “‘It opened my<br />

mind, my eyes. It was good.’ Sup-<br />

porting College Students’ Navigation<br />

of Difference in a <strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Mentoring</strong><br />

Program.” Educational Horizons 89<br />

(1): 33-46.<br />

Page 2<br />

Hughes, Carolyn, Elizabeth Boyd and<br />

Sara J. Dykstra. 2010. “Evaluation of<br />

a University-Based <strong>Mentoring</strong> Pro-<br />

gram: Mentors’ Perspectives on a<br />

Service-Learning Experience.” <strong>Mentoring</strong><br />

& Tutoring: Partnership in<br />

Learning 18(4): 361-382.<br />

Page 3<br />

<strong>Mentoring</strong> Through<br />

a Global Lens<br />

Welcome to the <strong>Autumn</strong> 2011 edition of the Research<br />

Quarterly. Each quarter, we aim to provide you with a<br />

summary of recent research articles on youth mentoring as<br />

well as provide a more detailed article which looks at<br />

research in a particular area of youth mentoring.<br />

This month, we look at mentoring of college students with<br />

younger mentees to determine if mentoring is beneficial for<br />

both the mentor and the mentee. We also look at the<br />

mentoring relationship of S e lf- Id ent if i ed G a y, Bis e xu al, and<br />

Q uestion in g Ma l e Y out h<br />

We spotlight the differences in mentoring from around the<br />

world including New Zealand, Canada, Ireland and India.<br />

Spotlight<br />

<strong>Mentoring</strong> Through a Global<br />

Lens<br />

Page 4<br />

Smith, Laureen. 2011. “Piloting the<br />

use of teen mentors to promote a<br />

healthy diet and physical activity<br />

among children in Appalachia.” Journal<br />

for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing<br />

16: 16-26.<br />

Page 6<br />

Torres, Rodrigo S., Gary W. Harper,<br />

Bernadette Sanchez, M. Isabel Fernandez.<br />

2011. “Examining Natural<br />

<strong>Mentoring</strong> Relationships (NMRs)<br />

among Self-Identified Gay, Bisexual,<br />

and Questioning (GBQ) Male <strong>Youth</strong>.”<br />

Children and <strong>Youth</strong> Services Review,<br />

in press.<br />

Page 7<br />

youthmentoring.org.au<br />

Newsletter compiled by Jennifer Hsu on behalf of the <strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Mentoring</strong> <strong>Network</strong> 2011.<br />

While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this document the <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Mentoring</strong> <strong>Network</strong> accepts no<br />

liability of any loss or damage associated with its use. Mentors should always refer back to their program’s polices and procedures for further clarification.


Supporting College<br />

Students’<br />

Navigation of<br />

Difference in a<br />

<strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Mentoring</strong><br />

Program<br />

Lee, Joanna M., Lauren J. Germain, Edith C.<br />

Lawrence, and Jenna H. Marshall. 2010. “‘It<br />

opened my mind, my eyes. It was good’:<br />

Supporting college students’ navigation of<br />

difference in a youth mentoring program.”<br />

Educational Horizons 89(1): 33-46.<br />

“...the structure of<br />

the program where<br />

the mentors were<br />

given course work<br />

on adolescent<br />

development and<br />

cultural sensitivity<br />

made substantial<br />

difference in<br />

overcoming cultural<br />

barriers between<br />

mentor and<br />

mentee.”<br />

Th e a rt ic le b y L e e e t . a l. (2010) focus es o n t h e Y o ung<br />

Women L ead e rs P r og r am ( Y WL P ) i n t h e US t o d etermine<br />

wh ether issues of c ons isten c y, d i ve rs it y and other<br />

r el at ed m atters c ou l d b e s uccessfully a ddressed b y<br />

coll eg e level m ent o rs. Th e r e is r es ea rc h t o s uggest t hat<br />

coll eg e l e v el m ent o r s given t h ei r t r ansitory nat u r e<br />

cannot e ffect i v el y c a r r y out m e nt oring ro l e s . R el iab ilit y<br />

and consistenc y of m e ntors is a k e y is s ue for any<br />

m e ntorin g p r og ra m , wi t hout s uch it can b e d amaging for<br />

t he yo uth invo l v ed.<br />

Th e YW L P p airs t og et her a c o ll eg e l e v e l female s t udent<br />

wit h a s e v e nth g ra d e m ent e e f or on e ac a dem ic y ea r,<br />

m e eting at l east f o ur h ou rs p e r m o nth f o r o n e-t o- one<br />

s ession a nd t w o h ou r s p e r w e ek in a g ro u p wit h ot h er<br />

m e ntors and m en t e es . T he authors c onc l ud ed t hat t h e<br />

s t r ucture of t h e p r og r am w h ere t he m e nt o r s were g i ven<br />

cours e w o rk o n a d ol escen t d e v el o pm e nt and cult u ra l<br />

s en s it i vit y m a de s u b s t ant ia l differe nc e i n o v e rc oming<br />

cult u ra l b a r ri e rs b et w ee n m e nt o r a nd m ent e e. T h e<br />

availabilit y of p r og r a m s t a ff t o pr o v id e s u p p ort t o t he<br />

m e ntors m a de s ubstantial im p act in t h e m e ntor- m ent ee<br />

r el ationship. T h e c o u rs e w o rk component a nd act ua l<br />

m e ntorin g h el p ed e nc ou r ag e c ons isten c y a nd re l iab ilit y<br />

of t his c oh o rt of m e nt o rs.<br />

2<br />

Factsheets for mentors are available on the<br />

AUSTRALIAN YOUTH MENTORING NETWORK Website<br />

www.youthmentoring.org.au/mentor_factsheets.html


Mentors’ Perspectives on a<br />

Service-Learning Experience<br />

Hughes, Carolyn, Elizabeth Boyd and Sara J. Dykstra. 2010. “Evaluation of<br />

a university-based mentoring program: Mentors’ perspectives on a service-<br />

learning experience.” <strong>Mentoring</strong> & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning 18(4):<br />

361-382.<br />

382.<br />

Th e r esearc h cond uc t ed b y H ughes, B o y d<br />

and Dks t r a ( 2010) s e eks t o u nd e rstand<br />

y out h m e ntorin g f r o m a s t ud e nt m en t o r<br />

s t andpoint . Th e r es e a rc h p ro v id es a s e r vic e -<br />

learn in g a p p ro ach t o y ou t h m e nt o ri ng<br />

p r og ra m .<br />

A s ervic e l ea r ning approac h can b e d ef in e d<br />

as a “ r eciproc al r el ationship in wh ic h<br />

s t u d e n t s a d d r e s s a c o m m u n i t y n e e d ,<br />

inc r e ase t h e ir c i vic e ngagem ent , a nd f oster<br />

t heir s o cial awaren es s b y r ef l ecting on t h ei r<br />

s e r vic e a c t i v it y ” (H ug hes , B o yd a nd D ykstra ,<br />

2010: 363). T his a p p ro ac h t o y ou t h<br />

m e ntorin g m a y h e l p r e duc e i nc id enc es wh e r e<br />

m e ntor relat i ons hips fail.<br />

Th e r es ea r ch s e l ec t ed a la r ge pr i vat e<br />

unive rs it y i n s out h eas t e rn U S wit h m e nt oring<br />

p r og ra m s i n h ig h s c hool s l oc at ed i n high<br />

p o ve rt y areas where one of t he main pu r p os e<br />

of m ent o ri ng is t o i m p r ove t h e o utcom es o f<br />

t he y o uth attend i ng t hes e high s c h oo l s .<br />

Cond uct in g t h e p r og r am i n t he high s chool<br />

gave m e ntors t h e p os s ibili t y t o s e e firsthand<br />

and und e rstand the c h alleng es of p overt y.<br />

In c o njunct i on t o m e e t in g m ent e es, m ent o r s<br />

w ere p ro v id ed w ith s t ru c t u r ed c lasses a n d<br />

w ere given r ead i ngs r el at ed t o p o v e rt y. Th i s<br />

com p on e nt of t he p r og ra m en hanc ed t heir<br />

m e ntorin g e x p e ri e nc e s a nd ro l e as it g a v e<br />

t he m e ntors a foundat ion t o c om p r eh e nd t h e<br />

chall e ng es o f po v e rt y. Th e a uthors c on clud e<br />

t hat pa rt ic i pat ion in t he p r og r am g a ve t h e<br />

s t ud ent m ent o rs a n o p p ortunit y t o r ef l ect o n<br />

t heir r el ationships w ith m e nt e es a nd h o w<br />

t hey w ou ld chang e t heir o w n b e havior and<br />

wa y of m e ntorin g in t h e fut ure.<br />

3


Spotlight<br />

<strong>Mentoring</strong> Through a<br />

Global Lens<br />

This quarter, we look at mentoring research from around the world.<br />

We will be looking at the following articles:<br />

• B rad y , Berna dine a nd Pa t D ol an. 2009. “ Y o uth M en t o rin g as<br />

a T o ol f o r Communit y and Ci v ic E ngagem en t : Reflec t i ons o n<br />

F i n d i n g s o f a n I r i s h R e s e a r c h S t u d y . ” C o m m u n i t y<br />

Developm e n t 40: 359-366.<br />

• Ka rc h e r, M ic hael J. a nd Daniel S ass. 2 010. “ A M u ltic u ltura l<br />

A s s e s s m e n t o f A d o l e s c e n t C o n n e c t e d n e s s : T e s t i n g<br />

M eas u r em ent Invarianc e Ac r oss G e nd e r and Ethnicit y. ”<br />

J o urnal of Cou n s e ll i ng Psych o l og y 5 7 (3 ): 2 7 4-289.<br />

• Garra wa y , Hi la r y and N ancy Pistrang. 2010. ‘‘ ‘Brot h e r f r om another m other’: Me nt o ri n g<br />

for A f ric an-Carib b e a n ad ol escent b o ys.” J o urnal of Ad ol e s c e n ce 33:719-729<br />

• Ma rs hall , Dave and Ka r e n Sh a v er. 2010. “ C ult u re , C ont e xt a nd Innovat ion: A K iwi<br />

Ca nu ck pers pe c t i v e. ” N ew Directi o n s f or <strong>Youth</strong> Dev e lopment 1 26: 145-148.<br />

• P r yc e, J ulia, Al is on N i ed e rkorn, M a rg aret Goin s a nd M e lissa Reiland. 2010. “ Th e<br />

devel o pm e nt of a y o ut h m ent o r in g p ro g ram i n t h e s o ut h o f I nd ia. ” I n t e r n a ti o n a l S ocial<br />

W o rk 5 4(1): 5 1-6 5.<br />

Th e artic l es i n t h i s s p otlig ht f oc us o n<br />

dif ferent nat i on al cas e s t ud i es. O n e of t h e<br />

m ajor t hemes t h at t i e t hes e divers e c as e<br />

s t ud ies t o g ether is t h e need t o c on s id e r and<br />

inc o r p o rat e cultural d i fferenc es i n m ent o ri n g<br />

p r og ra m s . Im pl em e n t ation of m ent o ri n g<br />

p r og ra m s w ithout c ons id e rat i on of l oc al<br />

c o n d i t i o n s m a y r e n d e r t h e p r o g r a m<br />

in ef f ective a nd i na p p r o pr ia t e . F o r e xam p l e ,<br />

t he c o ll ect i vist culture t h at is p r e va lent i n<br />

m any s oc i eties a ro u nd t h e w o rld can a t<br />

t im es b e at odds w it h t h e d yad ic na t u r e of<br />

m e ntorin g rel ationships.<br />

Th e first s t e p t o u n derstand i ng t h e local<br />

condit i ons a nd t h e im po rt ance of cert ain<br />

cult u ra l v alues is t he n e ed t o cond uc t<br />

r es ea rc h w ith communit y m embers . T he<br />

art ic l e b y P r yc e et. a l. (2010) o f s out h ern<br />

Ind ia is a c lear e x am pl e of t h e p r oc e s s<br />

r e q u i r e d i n e s t a b l i s h i n g c u l t u r a l l y<br />

appropri at e m e ntorin g p r og r ams. P has e o n e<br />

of t h ei r r es e arch i nvol v ed t h e coll ect i on of<br />

data f r om 4 9 p a rt icipants in a r u ra l<br />

communit y i n t h e s t a t e o f T amil N a du f r o m<br />

m e n t o r s , c o m m u n i t y l e a d e r s , p a r e n t s ,<br />

p r og ra m s t a ff and I n dia n y out h. T his firs t<br />

ph as e o f t h e p r oj ect was aimed at obtaining<br />

an u nd e rstanding of t he m e nt oring p ro g ra m<br />

in its c u r r ent f orm. Inf o rm ation was a l s o<br />

gathered o n p a rtic i pa nts’ v i ew of developing<br />

a curric ulum for a m o r e s t r uctured m ent o ri n g<br />

p r o g r a m b a s e d o n p o s i t i v e y o u t h<br />

devel o pm e nt conc e pt s . Th e s ec on d p has e<br />

in v ol v ed t h e s o l idification of c u r ric ula i d ea s<br />

and im p lement ation of t he curri culu m<br />

t hrough a y o uth p r og ra m i n t he ru r al<br />

communit y.<br />

Th e r es ea rc h f in ding s dem o nstrat ed t hat a<br />

on e- o n- on e m e nt oring r el at ionship m a y not<br />

b e a p p r o p r i a t e g i v e n t h e c o l l e c t i v i s t<br />

t ra dit i on. Th e a uthors f ou nd t h e r e is a<br />

nat u ra l t e nd e nc y t o g ra v itat e t o wa rds group<br />

coll ab oration. M oreover, t h e r esearch s h ow s<br />

t hat u nlik e Wes t e r n m e nt o ri ng pr og r am s ,<br />

pa r e nts were in v o l v ed in t h e m en t o r in g<br />

p r oc ess: “ B ec aus e ad ult–child r el ationships<br />

m a y not n aturally oc c ur, m e ntorin g p r og ra m s<br />

m a y n ee d t o act i v el y s u p p o rt e ngaging t h e<br />

y out h’s e xi s t i ng n et w o rk, in clud in g pa r e nt s<br />

and ot h e r f amily m e m b e rs ” ( P r yc e e t al . ,<br />

2010: 61).<br />

4


Th is pa rt icula r r es e arch s h o ws t hat t h e<br />

gathering of b ackgrou nd i nf o rm ation is<br />

critical t o t he im p lementat ion of m e ntoring<br />

p r og ra m s i n a n o n- Western s et t i ng. Th e<br />

Ind ia n cas e s t u d y in d icat es t h at o n e- on- o n e<br />

r el ationships w ill n ot t ra nslat e s uccessfull y<br />

in a c o ll ect i vist s etting.<br />

Th e a rt ic le b y K archer a nd Sa s s ( 2010)<br />

further re i nf o rc es t hat even w ithin t he s am e<br />

nat iona l s ettin g d if f e re nc es e x ist in h o w<br />

v a r i o u s e t h n i c a n d c u l t u r a l g r o u p s<br />

e xperienc e m e nt o ri ng. Th e aut h ors meas u re d<br />

ad ol escents’ c on n ec t ed n ess w ith family,<br />

c om m u n it y and s c h o o l b y u s i ng t h e<br />

H e m i n g w a y : M e a s u r e o f A d o l e s c e n t<br />

Connectedness t o d et e rmine t h e d if f erenc e<br />

ac ross gen d er and et h nic grou ps.<br />

S om e of t he m a j or f i ndings f r om t his s t ud y<br />

inc lu d e t hat C aucas i an yo uth were m o re<br />

connect ed t o t h e ir t ea chers t han Af r ic an<br />

A m e r i c a n s . C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e a u t h o r s<br />

s u g g e s t f r o m a r e s e a r c h m e t h o d s<br />

s t andpoint , it is f ru i t ful t o d issect glob a l<br />

c a t e g o r i e s s u c h a s “ s c h o o l ” i n t o<br />

s ubcategories s uc h a s t eac hers , c l assmates<br />

and other s uch g r ou pi ngs . O n t h e g e nd e r<br />

front, Ka r cher a nd Sas s f ou nd t h at g i rl s<br />

w ere m o re c on n ect ed t o t h e i r f r i en d s ,<br />

s iblings, s c hool, p e ers, t e achers , and<br />

r ead i ng b ut l o wer c on n ect ed ness t o t h ei r<br />

neig hb ou rh o ods than b o ys.<br />

Th e K a rcher a nd S ass s t ud y r e v ea l t h e<br />

i m p o r t a n c e o f d e s i g n i n g s t u d i e s t h a t<br />

inc o r p o rat e m o r e s p ec ific c at eg o ri es t o<br />

und e rstand h o w m e nt o ri ng affects n ot on l y<br />

gend e r b ut d if ferent ethnic groups.<br />

Garra wa y a nd P istra ng (2 010) in t heir artic l e<br />

on Af r ican C a rib b e an m a l e ad ol escents i n<br />

t he U K d em o nstrat e s t a rk c o nt rast i n h o w<br />

t hey e x p erien ce g en e ra l s ocial cond itions<br />

and s ub s e q u ent l y m e n t al h ea lth p r ob l ems in<br />

com p a ris on t o t h ei r C auc asian c o unt e r pa rts .<br />

T h i s i s n o t s u r p r i s i n g g i v e n A f r i c a n<br />

C a r i b b e a n a d o l e s c e n t b o y s e x p e r i e n c e<br />

g r e a t e r s c h o o l e x c l u s i o n , l o w e r<br />

s o c i o e c o n o m i c s t a t u s a n d r a c i a l<br />

d i s c r i m i n a t i o n ( G a r r a w a y a n d P i s t r a n g<br />

2010). I n a ddition , t h e a uthors s u ggest t h a t<br />

t his group is m ost dif fic u lt t o e ng ag e i n<br />

t e rms of m ent al hea lt h s ervic es.<br />

Th e i r s t ud y s h ow e d t hat m e ntorin g m a y b e<br />

on e m ethod t o h e l p A fric an C a rib b e an m ale<br />

ad ol escents o v ercome t his o b s t ac l e. T h e<br />

r es ea rc h i nd icat e d t hat m e ntors pl a ye d a<br />

p osit i v e r ol e i n t he l i v es o f A f ric a n<br />

Ca r ibbea n b o ys b y givi ng t hem a lternat i v e<br />

images of t he negat ive p o rtraya ls of t h i s<br />

ethnic g ro u p i n s ociet y . F act o rs t hat<br />

fac ilitat ed t he r el at ionship i nclud ed t h e<br />

m e ntors ’ wi ll in gness t o t a lk ab out t h ei r o w n<br />

e xperienc es as t h e m e ntors s hared s im ilar<br />

b ackground as the boys. Mentors a lso p la y e d<br />

a m ediat in g r o l e b etween b o ys and t eac h e r s<br />

and , t h e b o ys v alued t h e a d vo cac y r o le<br />

p la y ed b y t heir m e n t o r. T he a uthors also<br />

not e s ig n if icant changes w e r e d et ect e d i n<br />

t e rms o f t h e b o ys s e eking h e l p and t his<br />

ind ic at e a first s t e p t ow a rds s e ek in g m en t a l<br />

healt h s e r vi ces .<br />

Wit hin a b r oad e r p e rs pe c t i v e, B r ad y and<br />

Dola n (2 009) s u ggest t h at w e n e ed t o<br />

com p r eh e nd t h e f a c t o rs t h at m otivat e<br />

m e ntors t o b ec om e m e nt o rs in o rd e r t o<br />

a s s e s s h o w m e n t o r i n g c o n t r i b u t e s t o<br />

communit y d evelopm e nt.<br />

Th e a uthors c on duc t e d r es ea rc h w ith t h e Bi g<br />

B rot h e r and Bi g S ister ( B B BS) p ro g ram i n<br />

Irela nd and f o und t hat t h e p ro g ram g ave<br />

m e ntors a great e r u nd e rstand in g o f y out h<br />

p r oblems and em p athy a nd t his has<br />

p r o m p t e d s e l f - r e f l e c t i o n . T h e p r o g r a m<br />

of fered t h e m e ntors a wa y t o m ak i ng a<br />

dif ferenc e a t a n i ndivid ua l level. T h e<br />

s uccess o f t he p ro g ra m el s e w here i n t h e<br />

world als o attrac t e d m ent o rs t o t h e p r og r am.<br />

Th e I r ish cas e s t ud y of t h e BB B S p r og r a m<br />

directs o u r a t t e nt ion t o t he nat iona l cont e xt<br />

of m ent o ri ng a nd its im p act o n c ommunit y<br />

devel o pm e nt.<br />

We n e ed t o b e s e ns itive t o different c ult u ra l<br />

p e rs pe c t i v es and a s s ess h ow m ent o r in g<br />

fram e works c an b e ad a pt ed t o s p ec if ic<br />

p o pu lat i on g r ou ps . While Ma rshall a nd<br />

Sh a v er (2 010) w r it e ab o ut t h e in digenous<br />

p o pu lat i ons i n N e w Z ea la nd and Ca nad a ,<br />

t heir r es ea rc h can b e e xt r apolat ed m o r e<br />

b r oa dly. M a rhs all and S haver (2010: 146)<br />

s uggests t h at p r og ra m s n e ed t o b e m o r e<br />

attuned w ith t h e needs of t h e i nd ig en o u s<br />

p o pu lat i on: “I nd e ed, in m a n y i nd ig en o u s<br />

cult u r es world wi d e, a s t r on g c ol l ect i v e<br />

cult u r e and a p o w erful h istory of i nf o rm a l<br />

m e ntorin g m a y alt e r ro l es a nd t ra in i n g<br />

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s t r u c t u r e d , f o r m a l<br />

m e ntorin g rel ationships.”<br />

Th e s p ot lig ht artic l es for t his issue i nd icat e<br />

t hat p r og r ams n e ed t o ad o pt m o r e t h oroug h<br />

p r el im in a r y b ackgrou nd r es ea rc h int o t h e<br />

local and c u ltural c ond it ions s o t h at<br />

m e ntorin g p r og ra m s m a y b es t m e et t he<br />

need s of y ou ng pe o p le in different s ettings.<br />

5


Piloting the use of Teen<br />

Mentors to Promote Healthy<br />

Diet and Physical Activity<br />

Smith, Laureen. 2011. “Piloting the use of teen mentors to promote a healthy<br />

diet and physical activity among children in Appalachia.” Journal for Specialists<br />

in Pediatric Nursing 16: 16-26.<br />

T h is a r t ic l e f oc us e s o n r u r a l -d w e l l i n g<br />

child r en in A p p alachia ( U S) and t h e po t e nt ia l<br />

for m e nt o ri ng t o affect diet and ph y s ic a l<br />

activit y given t he h ig h r at es of ob esit y i n t h e<br />

r eg ion.<br />

Th e r es ea r ch e xam i n ed a p r og ra m wh e r e<br />

t e en ag e rs were p aired wit h el em e ntary<br />

s t ud ents w ith t h e “f oc us o n i nc r eas i n g<br />

k nowledge, attit ud e s , s e lf- e fficac y , a n d<br />

p e rc ei v ed c o nt ro l o ve r on e ’s b e havior<br />

r eg arding eat in g h e alt hfully and en gaging i n<br />

r eg ular ph ys ic al act i vi t y ” ( Sm ith 2011: 1 7 ).<br />

S e ve nt y-t w o s t ud e nts i n g r ad es t h r ee a n d<br />

fourth p a rtic i pat e d i n t h e p ro g ram w ith 5 0<br />

p e rc ent of t h e s am p le had a b o d y m ass<br />

ind e x ( B MI ) at o r ab o v e t h e 85 t h p e rc ent ile<br />

at p ret est. Pa rt ic i pa t in g i n t he pr og r a m<br />

in v ol v ed va r i ous act i vi t i es i nclud in g s t o r y<br />

r e a d i n g , c o m p l e t i n g w o r k s h e e t s ,<br />

dem o nstrat ion of act ivit ies b y t h e m e ntor<br />

and ot h e r ac t i v ities.<br />

Sm ith n ot ed t h at t he p r og ra m d id n ot im p a c t<br />

on t h e s t ud e nts’ i nt e ntion t o pa rt ic i pat e i n<br />

r e g u l a r p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y d e s p i t e t h e<br />

em ph as is wit hin the m ent o r in g re l ation s hips .<br />

In t e rms o f t r en d t o wa rd s h e alt h y eat i ng ,<br />

les s t h an half of t h e pa rt ic i pa nts r es po nd e d<br />

t o t h e change. W hile t he r esearch p r o v es<br />

inc o nclus i ve a s t o t h e im p act o f m e nt o ri n g<br />

in child h oo d ob esit y ,<br />

S m i t h s u g g e s t s t h a t p e r h a p s g r e a t e r<br />

dif ferentiation b etween b o ys and girls n e e d<br />

t o b e ac count e d f o r i n o rd e r t o gain a fuller<br />

und e rstanding o f m en t o ri ng as a m et hod t o<br />

chang e diet a nd e n gag em e nt in ph ys ic a l<br />

activit y.<br />

6


Examining Natural<br />

<strong>Mentoring</strong><br />

Relationships<br />

among Self-<br />

Identified Gay,<br />

Bisexual, and<br />

Questioning Male<br />

<strong>Youth</strong><br />

Torres, Rodrigo S., Gary W. Harper, Bernadette<br />

S a n c h e z , M . I s a b e l F e r n a n d e z . 2 0 1 1 .<br />

“Examining Natural <strong>Mentoring</strong> Relationships<br />

(NMRs) among Self- Identified Gay, Bisexual, and<br />

Questioning (GBQ) Male <strong>Youth</strong>.” Children and<br />

<strong>Youth</strong> Services Review, , in press.<br />

Th is re s e a rch s e eks t o f ill a g a p i n m e nt o ri ng re s e a rch<br />

and t hat is h o w n atura l-m e nt o ri ng re lat i on s hips (N MR )<br />

affect at-ris k y o uth, e s p ec ia ll y t h os e wh o a r e s am e-s e x<br />

attract ed yo uth (SSA).<br />

Th e s t u d y gat hered d a t a from 9 7 m ale pa rt i cipa nts (14-<br />

22 y ea rs o ld ) of Af r ic an A m eric an, L atino a nd E u ro pean<br />

b ackground s in Ch icago a nd Mi am i. P a rticipants w e r e<br />

s u rv e y ed on t he m ea nings t h e y attac hed t o N MR .<br />

Th e N MR p ro v id es SS A yo uth a n o p p o rtunit y t o b e o p en<br />

about t h ei r s e xu alit y a nd help c o nsolidat e t h ei r identit y .<br />

Th e r es ea rc h found t h at s c hool b a s e d m en t o rs were t h e<br />

m ost va lu ed adults i n t h e l i v es of S S A m a l e y o uth. Res<br />

p on dents i dent ified a n umber o f areas t hat N MRs h a v e<br />

p r ovid ed s u p po rt: em otiona l, i nf o rm ation al, s e lfapprais<br />

al, and u nc on ditiona l. Th us, t h e a uthors conclu<br />

de t hat f o rm alis ed m ent o r in g p r og ra m s could foc us<br />

on t h e ab o v e m ent ioned t y p o logy of s u pp o rt for S S A<br />

y out h.<br />

“...school based<br />

mentors were the<br />

most valued adults<br />

in the lives of SSA<br />

male youth.<br />

Respondents<br />

identified a number<br />

of areas that NMRs<br />

have provided<br />

support: emotional,<br />

informational, selfappraisal,<br />

and<br />

unconditional…”<br />

More research articles on youth mentoring can be found on the<br />

AUSTRALIAN YOUTH MENTORING NETWORK Website<br />

visit www.youthmentoring.org.au/Research.html<br />

7


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