Standards with Progressions grades K-HS v. 1.3 - Kentucky ...

Number and Operations: Fractions
Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
ote: Grade 3 expectations in this domain
are limited to fractions with denominators
2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
Develop understanding of fractions as
numbers.
3.NF.1: Understand a fraction 1/b as the
quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is
partitioned into b equal parts; understand a
fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a
parts of size 1/b.
3.NF.2: Understand a fraction as a number
on the number line; represent fractions on
a number line diagram.
a. Represent a fraction 1/b on a number line
diagram by defining the interval from 0 to 1
as the whole and partitioning it into b equal
parts. Recognize that each part has size 1/b
and that the endpoint of the part based at 0
locates the number 1/b on the number line.
b. Represent a fraction a/b on a number line
diagram by marking off a lengths 1/b from
0. Recognize that the resulting interval has
size a/b and that its endpoint locates the
number a/b on the number line.
3.NF.3: Explain equivalence of fractions
in special cases, and compare fractions by
reasoning about their size.
a. Understand two fractions as equivalent
(equal) if they are the same size, or the
same point on a number line.
b. Recognize and generate simple
equivalent fractions, e.g., 1/2 = 2/4, 4/6 =
2/3). Explain why the fractions are
equivalent, e.g., by using a visual fraction
model.
c. Express whole numbers as fractions, and
recognize fractions that are equivalent to
whole numbers. Examples: Express 3 in the
form 3 = 3/1; recognize that 6/1 = 6; locate
4/4 and 1 at the same point of a number
line diagram.
d. Compare two fractions with the same
numerator or the same denominator by
reasoning about their size. Recognize that
comparisons are valid only when the two
fractions refer to the same whole. Record
the results of comparisons with the symbols
>, =, or , =, or 1 as a sum of fractions 1/b.
a. Understand addition and subtraction of fractions as joining and separating parts
referring to the same whole.
b. Decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than
one way, recording each decomposition by an equation. Justify decompositions, e.g.,
by using a visual fraction model. Examples: 3/8 = 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 ; 3/8 = 1/8 + 2/8 ; 2
1/8 = 1 + 1 + 1/8 = 8/8 + 8/8 + 1/8.
c. Add and subtract mixed numbers with like denominators, e.g., by replacing each mixed
number with an equivalent fraction, and/or by using properties of operations and the
relationship between addition and subtraction.
d. Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions referring to the
same whole and having like denominators, e.g., by using visual fraction models and
equations to represent the problem.
Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
5.NF.1: Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (including
mixed numbers) by replacing given fractions with equivalent
fractions in such a way as to produce an equivalent sum or
difference of fractions with like denominators. For example,
2/3 + 5/4 = 8/12 + 15/12 = 23/12. (In general, a/b + c/d = (ad +
bc)/bd.)
5.NF.2: Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of
fractions referring to the same whole, including cases of unlike
denominators, e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations
to represent the problem. Use benchmark fractions and
number sense of fractions to estimate mentally and assess the
reasonableness of answers. For example, recognize an incorrect
result 2/5 + 1/2 = 3/7, by observing that 3/7 < 1/2.
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division
to multiply and divide fractions.
5.NF.3: Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the
denominator (a/b = a ÷ b). Solve word problems involving
division of whole numbers leading to answers in the form of
fractions or mixed numbers, e.g., by using visual fraction
models or equations to represent the problem. For example,
interpret 3/4 as the result of dividing 3 by 4, noting that 3/4
multiplied by 4 equals 3, and that when 3 wholes are shared
equally among 4 people each person has a share of size 3/4. If 9
people want to share a 50-pound sack of rice equally by weight,
how many pounds of rice should each person get Between
what two whole numbers does your answer lie
5.NF.4: Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to
multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.
a. Interpret the product (a/b) × q as a parts of a partition of q
into b equal parts; equivalently, as the result of a sequence
of operations a × q ÷ b. For example, use a visual fraction
model to show (2/3) × 4 = 8/3, and create a story context for
this equation. Do the same with (2/3) × (4/5) = 8/15. (In
general, (a/b) × (c/d) = ac/bd.)
b. Find the area of a rectangle with fractional side lengths by
tiling it with unit squares of the appropriate unit fraction
side lengths, and show that the area is the same as would
be found by multiplying the side lengths. Multiply fractional
side lengths to find areas of rectangles, and represent
fraction products as rectangular areas.
Kentucky Department of Education
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