Simpson R, 2004, “Mascul<strong>in</strong>ity at work: the experiences of men <strong>and</strong> female dom<strong>in</strong>ated occupations”, Work, Employment <strong>and</strong> Society, 18:2, 349-368. Spence L, 2005, Country of Birth <strong>and</strong> Labour Market Outcomes <strong>in</strong> London. An Analysis of Labour Force Survey <strong>and</strong> Census Data (GLA, London). Steill B, Engl<strong>and</strong> K, 1999, “Jamaican domestics, Filip<strong>in</strong>a housekeepers <strong>and</strong> English nannies”, <strong>in</strong> <strong>Gender</strong>, Migration <strong>and</strong> Domestic Service Ed J H Momsen (Routledge, London) pp 43-61. Vertovec S, 2001, “Transnationalism <strong>and</strong> identity”, Journal of <strong>Ethnic</strong> <strong>and</strong> Racial Studies, 27:4, 573-582. Willis K D, Yeoh, B S A, 2000, “<strong>Gender</strong> <strong>and</strong> transnational household strategies: S<strong>in</strong>gaporean migration to Ch<strong>in</strong>a”, Regional Studies, 34:3, 253-264. Wills J, 2004, “Campaign<strong>in</strong>g for low <strong>paid</strong> workers: the East London Communities Organisation (TELCO) Liv<strong>in</strong>g Wage Campaign”, <strong>in</strong> The Future of Worker Representation Eds W Brown, G Healy, E Heery <strong>and</strong> P Taylor (Oxford, Oxford University Press) pp 262-82. Yeoh B, Willis K, 2004, “Construct<strong>in</strong>g mascul<strong>in</strong>ities <strong>in</strong> transnational space: S<strong>in</strong>gapore men on the ‘regional beat’”, <strong>in</strong> Transnational Spaces Eds P Jackson, P Crang, C Dwyer Routledge, London) pp 147-163. Yeoh B, Willis K, Fakhri S, 2003, “Transnationalism <strong>and</strong> its edges”, <strong>Ethnic</strong> <strong>and</strong> Racial Studies, 26, 207-217. 1 The team of 11 researchers were recruited <strong>and</strong> managed by London Citizens, the research was directed by our team at Queen Mary <strong>and</strong> the work was funded by the Economic <strong>and</strong> Social Research Council (ESRC), the Greater London Authority (GLA), Oxfam, Queen Mary, University of London <strong>and</strong> UNISON. The researchers were also undertak<strong>in</strong>g tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> organis<strong>in</strong>g techniques with London Citizens as part of their Summer Academy <strong>and</strong> the research has been used to support the liv<strong>in</strong>g wage campaign <strong>in</strong> London (for more <strong>in</strong>formation, see Evans et al., 2005; Wills, 2004). 2 This paper draws upon 18 <strong>in</strong>terviews conducted with care workers; 14 with construction workers; 10 office cleaners; 5 hospitality workers <strong>and</strong> 9 cleaners on the London Underground. 28
3 Quantitative <strong>in</strong>formation for the construction sector is not <strong>in</strong>cluded here as it was conducted at a later date than the rest of the questionnaire survey. Information on construction is based only on the <strong>in</strong>-depth <strong>in</strong>terviews. 4 The National M<strong>in</strong>imum Wage at the time of the questionnaire survey was £4.85. 29