The Royal Society Report - Push-Pull

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RS Policy document 11/09 Issued: October 2009 RS1608 ISBN: 978-0-85403-784-1 © The Royal Society, 2009 Requests to reproduce all or part of this document should be submitted to: The Royal Society Science Policy 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG Tel +44 (0)20 7451 2500 Email science.policy@royalsociety.org Web royalsociety.org Design by Franziska Hinz, Royal Society, London Copyedited and Typeset by Techset Composition Limited
Reaping the benefi ts: science and the sustainable intensifi cation of global agriculture Contents Foreword Membership of working group Summary v vii ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 An urgent challenge 1 1.2 Trends in food crop production 2 1.3 Science in context 5 1.4 The need for sustainable intensification 6 1.5 Agricultural sustainability 7 1.6 Agriculture and sustainable economic development 7 1.7 Other major studies 8 1.8 Further UK work 9 1.9 About this report 9 1.10 Conduct of the study 10 2 Constraints on future food crop production 11 2.1 Climate change 11 2.2 Water 11 2.3 Temperature 12 2.4 Ozone 13 2.5 Soil factors 13 2.6 Crop nutrition 15 2.7 Pests, diseases and weed competition 16 2.8 Energy and greenhouse gas emissions 17 2.9 Maintenance of genetic resources and germplasm availability 18 3 Developments in biological science with potential benefits for food crop production 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Tools for research and technology 21 3.3 Applications of research 25 3.4 Conclusion 38 The Royal Society Reaping the Benefits I October 2009 I iii
Page 1 and 2: Reaping the benefits Science and th
Page 3: Reaping the benefi ts: science and
Page 7 and 8: Foreword Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Pre
Page 9 and 10: Membership of working group The mem
Page 11 and 12: Summary Food security is one of thi
Page 13 and 14: 1 Introduction Summary Food securit
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.4. Changes in per capita a
Page 17 and 18: of R&D can take many years to filte
Page 19 and 20: protected area status. The ecosyste
Page 21 and 22: governments and NGOs. The report co
Page 23 and 24: 2 Constraints on future food crop p
Page 25 and 26: y high temperatures during and afte
Page 27 and 28: salt affected (Athar & Ashraf 2009)
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.1. Major pests of maize, ri
Page 31 and 32: depends to a great extent on the av
Page 33 and 34: 3 Developments in biological scienc
Page 35 and 36: Argentina, Brazil, India and Canada
Page 37 and 38: for the phenotype of a plant of cha
Page 39 and 40: Case study 3.3. Seed mixtures to in
Page 41 and 42: Case study 3.4. Integrated pest man
Page 43 and 44: herbicide-resistant crops—either
Page 45 and 46: host defences have been identified
Page 47 and 48: eliminated), and external inputs su
Page 49 and 50: Cost Costs of developing biofortifi
Page 51 and 52: 4 Consequences and complications of
Page 53 and 54: Soil and water conservation, contou
Page 55 and 56:
However, although the effects of ag
Page 57 and 58:
e linked to appropriate trading sys
Page 59 and 60:
5 Conclusions and recommendations 5
Page 61 and 62:
model species. However, high throug
Page 63 and 64:
UK focus. We have identified a majo
Page 65 and 66:
6 References ACRE (2007). Managing
Page 67 and 68:
de Dorlodot S, Forster B, Pagès L,
Page 69 and 70:
Hammer G, Cooper M, Tardieu F, Welc
Page 71 and 72:
and quality. Australian Grapegrower
Page 73 and 74:
Robinson RA & Sutherland WJ (2002).
Page 75 and 76:
Vanderauwera S, De Block M, Van de
Page 77 and 78:
7 Annexes 7.1 Project terms of refe
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Practical Action, UK. Professor Arp
Page 81 and 82:
8 Glossary Abiotic stresses ACRE Ae
Page 83 and 84:
Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Mole
Page 85 and 86:
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The Royal Society Report - Push-Pull

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