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Pian-Upe Wildlife Reserve: biological and socio-economic survey 19 2.7 References cited Cisternino, M. 1985. Famine and food relief in Karamoja. Photocopied paper, pp. 155-161. Coates Palgrave, K. 1988. Trees of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. Eggeling, W.J. 1941. An annotated list of the grasses of the Uganda Protectorate. Government Printer, Entebbe. Eggeling, W.J. & Dale, G.R. 1951. The indigenous trees of the Uganda Protectorate. University Press, Glasgow. Forest Department. 1996. National Biomass Study land cover stratification (vegetation). Forest Department, Kampala. Haines, R.W. & Lye, K.A. 1983. The sedges and rushes of East Africa. East African Natural History Society, Nairobi. Hamilton, A.C. 1981. A field guide to Ugandan forest trees. Uganda Society and Makerere University, Kampala. Harker, K.W. 1961. An illustrated guide to the grasses of Uganda. Government Printer, Entebbe. Howard, P.C. 1994. An annotated checklist of Uganda’s indigenous trees and shrubs. Forest Department, Kampala. ICRAF. 1992. A selection of useful trees and shrubs for Kenya: notes on their identification, propagation, and management for use by farming and pastoral communities. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi. Katende, A.B., Birnie, A., & Tengnäs, B. 1995. Useful trees and shrubs for Uganda: identification, propagation, and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. Regional Soil Conservation Unit, Nairobi. Langdale-Brown, I., Omaston, H.A., & Wilson, J.G. 1964. The vegetation of Uganda and its bearing on land use. Government Printer, Entebbe. Liesner, R. 1990. Field techniques used by Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri. Noad, T.C. & Birnie, A. 1989. Trees of Kenya. T.C. Noad & A. Birnie, Nairobi Polhill, R.M., Milne-Redhead, E., Turrill, W.B., & Hubbard, C.E. 1954 & following. Flora of Tropical East Africa (in many parts). Crown Agents, London, & A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. van Oudtshoorn, F.P. 1992. Guide to the grasses of South Africa. Briza Publikasies Cc, Arcadia, South Africa. Wilson, J.G. 1962. The vegetation of Karamoja District, Northern Province of Uganda. Memoirs of the Research Division Series 2 - Vegetation, Number 5. Dept. of Agriculture, Uganda Protectorate, Kampala. Wilson, J.G. 1985. Resettlement in Karamoja. Photocopied paper, pp. 163-170. Zandri, E. & Viskanic, P. 1992. Vegetation survey and mapping in the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Kyambura Game Reserve, and Kigezi Game Reserve. Uganda National Parks, Kampala. Frontier-Uganda Wildlife Protected Areas Project January 1998 Baseline Surveys Programme Report No. 13
Pian-Upe Wildlife Reserve: biological and socio-economic survey 20 3.0 LARGE MAMMAL SURVEY (Helen MacGregor & Karen L. Zwick) 3.1 Summary A survey of the large mammals of Pian-Upe Wildlife Reserve was conducted between October and December 1996 and April and June 1997. The reserve was stratified into habitat types, and within this, 201 1km UTM grid squares were sampled at an intensity of 10%. Thirty-one species of large mammal were identified, representing 24% of the country’s diversity, and distribution maps and information on habitat use is presented. There has been a drastic decline in the numbers of large mammals over the past 30 years, and most are still under severe threat from poaching. Over a third are of international conservation concern, while others, such as zebra, are of national conservation interest. 3.2 Introduction 3.2.1 Aims The large mammal survey aims to use standard and repeatable methods to: • collect baseline data on the presence, distribution, and habitat use of the large mammal fauna of the reserve. These data, obtained through ground survey techniques, will complement the 1995/6 aerial surveys of the reserve (Lamprey & Michelmore, 1996ab). 3.2.2 Previous studies Aerial surveys of the reserve’s large mammal fauna were conducted in 1995 and 1996 (dry and wet season) (Lamprey & Michelmore, 1996ab), in 1983 (Eltringham et al., 1992; Eltringham & Malpas, 1993) and in 1968 (Game Department, cited in Lamprey & Michelmore, 1996a) (Table 3.1). As is typical of the PAs of Uganda there has been a broad and massive decline in numbers since records were first made. The remaining populations are concentrated in the south of the reserve and the area just south of the Greek River in the Sebei CWA, partly due to the presence of relatively permanent water, and partly because this area forms a buffer between the Pian Karamojong to the north and the Pokot to the east, and is thus subject to lower levels of poaching (Lamprey & Michelmore, 1996ab). Frontier-Uganda Wildlife Protected Areas Project January 1998 Baseline Surveys Programme Report No. 13
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