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Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tat Ke Sector 1997 12 0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY 12.1 Introduction Vietnam contains 54 ethnic groups and has a population of approximately 75 million. The ethnic minorities, that is those people resident in Vietnam but not sharing Kinh identity, language or other cultural characteristics, account for 13.1% of the total population of Vietnam (VIE/96/010). The population relies heavily on agriculture as a source of income. Agriculture in Vietnam accounts for 72.2% of the labour population (Mekong River Commission Secretariat, 1995). In addition to agriculture, highland people exploit the forest resource to supplement their income. Ethnic minorities and forests are closely related and "the former are the authentic owners of the latter; the latter are the direct object of the former's exploitation" (Nguyen Van Thang, in Rambo et al., 1995). This chapter assesses socio-economic conditions of minority populations in the Tat Ke sector, in addition to the potential for tourism there, as many tourists seek to travel to natural settings (Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996) with cultural and ecological interest. 12.2 Methods The methods adopted in the survey were based on the techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal (Grandstaff et al., 1995). Semi-structured and informal interviews were used to gather information from Kiem Lam (Forestry Protection Department), local government officials, village leaders and family heads. Interviews were conducted in Vietnamese and translated to English by an IEBR student. Not all the villages, or indeed all the families in the sector could be visited due to time constraints. Instead, a village containing each of the ethnic minorities present in the reserve was visited from which a cross section of families (based on wealth) were chosen for interview. However, permission to interview the Hmong ethnic minority could not be obtained although we were allowed to visit the village. The official reasoning behind this restriction was that the village was soon to be moved out of the sector. Frontier-Vietnam Environment Research Report 9 44
Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tat Ke Sector 1997 12.3 Results 12.3.1 The people and place The results of the study are outlined in section 12.3-12.6 below. The Tat Ke sector of Na Hang reserve comes mainly under the jurisdiction of the Khau Tinh subdistrict which contains 15 villages of the ethnic minorities Tay, Dao and Hmong. The subdistrict contains 286 families and a total population of 1735. Population growth is estimated at 2.3% (Kiem Lam., unpublished data). Village populations tend to belong to a single minority, although Tay and Dao sometimes mix. The villages studied were; 12.3.1.1 TAT KE, a Tay minority village The Tay village of Tat Ke is situated in the valley floor at an elevation of 500m asl. The village now consists of 16 families (population 118) with each family averaging 7.3 members. Prior to 1962 the village consisted of 20 families who were employed by two branches of the commercial forestry service. In 1966, one of these departments closed and ten of the families moved to a site further north of the original village. Both parts of the village became reliant on agriculture rather than forestry. Four families left the area all together. Several families were relocated from the Dao village of Na Tang in 1971. The majority of the village houses are built on stilts and are constructed of timber and bamboo. The ground beneath is used to store equipment and to house livestock. 87.5% of the families have privately owned hydro-electric generators, the remainder relying on kerosene lamps. 12.3.1.2 NA TANG; a Dao minority village The Dao village of Na Tang is situated on a plateau at an elevation of 750m asl. The village is long established although in 1971 the resident Tay minority were relocated by the government to Tat Ke to concentrate the Dao. This was done to preserve the Dao identity and traditions, and to make village management easier. There are 18 families (population 118) with an average family size of 6.5 people. The houses are constructed of timber and bamboo on mud floors. 66.7 % of the families interviewed had hydro-electric power (H.E.P.) with the remainder using kerosene. Frontier-Vietnam Environment Research Report 9 45
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Frontier Vietnam Environmental Rese
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Page 70 and 71: Appendix 1. Habitat; Plants Plant s
Page 72 and 73: Species Habitat Fertile Uses/Status
Page 86 and 87: stages SONNERATIACEAE 638. Duabanga
Page 94 and 95: FOREST TRANSECT 1 Key: Ac Ao Ar Cl
Page 96 and 97: FOREST TRANSECT 3 Key: Cl Clusiacea
Page 98 and 99: Appendix 3. Forest plot data
Page 100 and 101: Myrtaceae 4 1.081 3.60 8 1.250 4.66
Page 102 and 103: Nymphalidae 32. Cethosia biblis Dru
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Appendix 4b. Butterflies recorded a
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1 2 3 4 5 25 Opsarichthys uncirostr
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Appendix 6. Amphibians and Reptiles
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A B C Upupipae: Hoopoe 14. Hoopoe (
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A B C Subfamily Muscicapinae: Flyca
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7b. Formulation used for the assess
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Appendix 8. Key; A Identified from:
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Appendix 9. List of specimens Insec
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