Kim Hy Proposed Nature Reserve - Frontier-publications.co.uk

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Fig. 3.6: Red-listed plant species recorded by previous surveys of Kim Hy P.N.R. 1997 Source: FIPI, K = Insufficiently known, DD = Data Deficient E/EN = Endangered, V/VU = Vulnerable, T = Threatened, R= Rare, LR/nt = Low Risk/near threatened, LR/cd = Low Risk/conservation dependent NO. SPECIES FAMILY ANON., 1996 (Red Data Book, Viet Nam) IUCN 1997 IUCN 2002 1 Ardisia silvestris Myrsinaceae V 2 Aquilaria crassna Thymeliaceae K 3 Calamus platyacanthus Arecaceae V 4 Calamus tonkinensis Arecaceae R 5 Camellia pleurocarpa Theaceae VU 6 Chukrasia tabularis Meliaceae K 7 Cibotium barometz Dicksoniaceae K 8 Colona poilanei Tiliaceae R LR/nt 9 Cycas chevalieri Cycadaceae R 10 Dalbergia tonkinensis Fabaceae K VU 11 Dipterocarpus retusus Dipterocarpaceae VU 12 Drynaria fortunei Polypodiaceae T 13 Eriobotrya serrata Rosaceae R 14 Excentiodendron hsienmu Tiliaceae V 15 Excentiodendron tonkinensis Tiliaceae V EN 16 Garcinia faraeoides Clusiaceae V 17 Guihaia grosefibrosa Arecaceae R 18 Illicium parvifolium Illiaceae R 19 Keteleeria davidiana Pinaceae E 20 Licuala tonkinensis Arecaceae R R 21 Madhuca pasquiere Sapotaceae R VU 22 Markhamia stipulata Bignoniaceae V 23 Meliantha suavis Opiliaceae K 24 Morinda officialis Rubiaceae K 25 Paphiopedilum appletonianum Orchidaceae R 26 Parashorea chinensis Dipterocarpaceae K R EN 27 Platanus kerrii Platanaceae T VU 28 Pothos kerrii Araceae R 29 Tetrameles nudiflora Tetrameliaceae K 30 Zenia insignis Fabaceae R LR/nt Frontier Vietnam Forest Research Programme Technical Report No.24. 37
3.5 Forest protection and threats to forest conservation in Kim Hy P.N.R. Since the 1950s, forest loss in the area surrounding Kim Hy’s limestone forest area has undergone significant levels of de-forestation in line with many other areas of Bac Kan province, largely due to population and land issues, and as an indirect consequence of central government policy interpreted variously at the local level with regard to land allocation, forest contracting and agricultural/silvicultural technology and practise. Although most of the proposed Nature Reserve is classed as ‘Special Use Forest’ by the FPD, much of the non-limestone-based forest has been clear-felled or over exploited for its timber and pole-wood to such an extent that it is heavily degraded. Similar pressures now therefore affect the fringes of the limestone forest and the valley basins within even the more remote medium limestone forest. Rarely do these valleys contain undisturbed forest, as the history of relatively large populations of gold miners and ‘satellite farms’ (as well as temporary hunter camps) has led to varying degrees of degradation. This has since extended to the fringes of the main limestone area to the extent that continued forest exploitation may in the future compromise the ecological integrity of this forest. Shifting cultivation in the area has now been stopped, hill farming stabilised and further clearance effectively halted, but hillsides already cleared are still mainly under active cultivation, negating the chance for forest recovery or rehabilitation, yet ensuring temporary food security for the nearby villagers. The problems are not insurmountable, however; the threats are recognised by the local and district FPD and measures are in place to ameliorate the problem, using both enforcement and incentive. If a Nature Reserve is ratified at Kim Hy, there will be five forest stations with 15 staff and the HQ at Lang San: these will be in Tham Mu village, An Tinh, the centre of Kim Hy, the northern and western edges of the PNR near Ngan Son and Bach Thong districts respectively as well as the main checkpoint in Lang San (FIPI, 1997). At present, Kim Hy FPD (3 staff) is responsible for Luong Thuong, Lang San, Kim Hy, An Tinh and Luong Thanh. Con Minh FPD (3 staff) is responsible for Con Minh, Dong Sa and Quang Phong. The FPD in Con Minh felt they needed 10 staff to patrol and administrate these areas effectively, but the provincial department understood staffing numbers in the area to be sufficient, despite the need for a better administrative infrastructure. The commune departments meet once a month in Na Ri. More information regarding the forest protection scheme and issues surrounding the non-limestone forest area at Kim Hy proposed Nature Reserve is provided in Chapter 5. The increased FPD presence in the area over the years, especially the establishment of the two guard stations on highway 279 in Con Minh and Kim Hy (see Map 4), has significantly reduced the volume of illegal commercial timber extraction for transport out of the area, and rarely do the FPD catch people with significant amounts of wood for external sale anymore. When they do it is the main canopy species which have been cut – principally Excentiodendron tonkinensis, and Madhuca passquiere, but also Markhamia tabularis, Vatica vietnamensis and Sindora vietnamensis. (Con Minh FPD, pers. Comm..). Now the exploitation problem is generally local in its nature, as all trucks and other large vehicles leaving the area are required to stop at the checkpoints at these stations. The local demand extends around the entire rim of the limestone forest, with the Frontier Vietnam Forest Research Programme Technical Report No.24. 38
Page 1 and 2: Frontier Vietnam Environmental Rese
Page 3 and 4: Frontier-Vietnam Forest Research Pr
Page 5 and 6: Institute of Ecology and Biological
Page 7 and 8: Administrative support for the impl
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Acknowledgements 1 List of
Page 11 and 12: 4.5.2.3 Results 61 4.5.3 Conservati
Page 13 and 14: Figures Fig 2.1 Summary of the find
Page 15 and 16: Detrimental activities such as ille
Page 17 and 18: Between 1961 and 1971, 2.6 million
Page 19 and 20: These remaining pockets of extant l
Page 21 and 22: Frontier Vietnam Forest Research Pr
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.4 Management The investment pla
Page 25 and 26: Lists of plants and animals in Kim
Page 27 and 28: Soil Type [N2VFHq]: Ferralitic soil
Page 29 and 30: 3. VEGETATION 3.1 Introduction Viet
Page 31 and 32: 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Site description
Page 33 and 34: Frontier Vietnam Forest Research Pr
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.5: Principle FIPI classifi
Page 37 and 38: 3.4.2 Description of forest types f
Page 39 and 40: sometimes blurred. Other middle sto
Page 41: scientific appraisal of Kim Hy in 1
Page 45 and 46: associated accommodation and limite
Page 47 and 48: 4. FAUNA 4.1 BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTE
Page 49 and 50: provided here is exhaustive, and it
Page 51 and 52: 4.2 HAWK MOTHS 4.2.1 Introduction A
Page 53 and 54: 4.2.5 Conclusions Levels of species
Page 55 and 56: 4.3.3 Results A total of 6 anuran s
Page 57 and 58: 4.4 BIRDS 4.4.1 Introduction Vietna
Page 59 and 60: Asian barred owlet (Glaucidium cucu
Page 61 and 62: 4.5.1 Mammals: Bats 4.5.1.1 Aims an
Page 63 and 64: this information an extra satellite
Page 65 and 66: • The Mammal Tracks of Thailand.
Page 67 and 68: Interviews with Hunters: By far the
Page 69 and 70: This species has been described as
Page 71 and 72: Ursus thibetanus (Asiatic black bea
Page 73 and 74: collection of medicinal plants, cla
Page 75 and 76: Beyond the need for further fieldwo
Page 77 and 78: 5.2 Methodology Socio-economic surv
Page 79 and 80: 5.4.1.3 Population movement and dis
Page 81 and 82: 5.5 Infrastructure and access In ru
Page 83 and 84: 5.7 Education 5.7.1 Introduction to
Page 85 and 86: Commune Teachers Pupils Ethnicity P
Page 87 and 88: 5.7.3.2 Results: teacher interviews
Page 89 and 90: 5.7.4 Discussion In Kim Hy and An T
Page 91 and 92: 5.8.2 Paddy rice systems 5.8.2.1 In
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production have been essentially, i
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4) The introduction of a second har
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5.8.3.2 Maize cultivation Maize is
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5.8.4 Animal husbandry 5.8.4.1 Intr
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Frontier Vietnam Forest Research Pr
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5.9.2 Special Use Forest stewardshi
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3) The perceived costs and returns
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enrichment planting to help meet th
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Chapter 6: Discussion The proposed
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Thong district. Here, the populatio
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7. Recommendations These recommenda
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illion VND (FIPI, 1997; see Appendi
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3: Forest management practice The f
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1) A buffer zone for the Nature Res
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sustainable rates of fertility extr
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these schemes may require review, a
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Collar, N.J., Crosby, M.J., Statter
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Hill, M.J., Le Mong Chan., Harrison
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Nguyen Huy Dung and Vu Van Dung (19
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Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975) A classifi
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Araliaceae Araliaceae Asclepidiacea
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Myristicaceae Myrsinaceae Myrtaceae
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APPENDIX 2: VEGETATION DATA COLLECT
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FPE: No. Family No. Genera No. Stem
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FPI: No. Family No. Genera No. Stem
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35 Lethe philemon 2 2 36 Neope muir
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APPENDIX 4: SPECIES LIST FOR KIM HY
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APPENDIX 5: LIST OF BIRD SPECIES RE
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Striped Tit Babbler (Macronous gula
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Assamese macaque (M. assamensis)
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COMMUNE VILLAGE HOUSEHOLDS POPULATI
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APPENDIX 8: AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN
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Maize production (two seasons) by s
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