Breaking Down Barriers - National Women's Law Center

Definition of Recipient
• All educational institutions that receive
federal funds—including public and some
private elementary and secondary schools
and virtually all colleges/universities—are
subject to Title IX.
• Funds need not be received directly;
indirect funding triggers coverage.
• Institutions might be covered even absent
a direct link to federal aid – e.g., Sixth
Circuit has held that high school athletic
association is subject to Title IX because it
exercises “controlling authority” over
member schools, which receive federal
funds.
© 2009 National Women’s Law Center 18