Growth, Yield and Oil components of thymus vulgaris - Ozean ...

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Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 3(2), 2010 Treatment Table (6) Effect of different types of organic fertilization on the growth and essential oil% of Thymus vulgaris in first season Plant height (cm) Branches number First cut Second Cut Total Dry Fresh Dry Fresh Essential Plant height Branches Essential weight weight weight weight oil% (cm) number oil % (g/plant) (g/plant) (g/plant) (g/plant) Fresh weight (g/plant) (2007) Dry weight (g/plant) Control 18.75 10.00 29.51 10.83 1.44 21.50 14.75 40.45 14.86 1.48 69.96 25.69 Rock P. 19.00 14.25 34.63 11.37 1.64 20.50 21.50 45.61 15.28 1.67 80.24 26.65 Feldspar 19.75 14.25 37.09 12.21 1.58 22.50 20.25 62.72 21.45 1.56 99.81 33.66 Cattle manure 20.00 15.00 51.93 17.00 1.78 19.50 20.75 40.71 13.85 1.77 92.63 30.85 Cattle m.+ Rock P. 20.50 16.00 51.00 16.65 1.93 18.00 25.00 57.61 19.03 1.96 108.61 35.68 Cattle m.+ Felds. 25.25 16.00 58.03 19.54 1.86 26.75 19.75 62.95 21.23 1.88 120.98 40.77 Sheep manure 23.50 16.25 50.20 17.13 1.88 22.00 27.00 51.58 17.78 1.94 101.78 34.91 Sheep m.+ Rock P. 24.00 15.50 60.79 21.02 1.95 22.00 20.25 81.58 27.67 1.97 142.37 48.69 Sheep m.+ Felds 24.50 16.75 60.12 20.61 1.92 26.50 22.25 66.66 22.92 1.90 126.78 43.53 Compost 23.75 15.25 76.25 26.59 1.94 21.25 19.25 69.78 24.07 1.97 146.03 50.66 Compost + Rock P. 26.50 16.25 70.05 24.42 2.05 24.25 21.00 84.66 29.05 2.07 154.71 53.48 Comp. + Felds. 21.75 15.75 75.48 26.49 1.99 20.25 23.25 90.45 31.16 2.04 165.93 57.65 Comp. + comp. tea 25.75 17.25 73.98 25.11 2.06 22.75 23.75 89.29 30.93 2.10 163.27 56.04 Comp+ comp. tea + 26.75 19.00 87.18 29.06 2.13 24.75 26.00 85.69 29.06 2.22 172.87 58.12 Rock P. Comp+ comp. tea + Felds. 27.25 18.50 84.21 28.07 2.08 27.50 23.75 89.33 30.09 2.18 173.54 58.16 L.S.D. 5% 1.29 1.11 4.05 1.65 0.06 1.35 1.09 4.95 1.54 0.08 6.08 2.36 - 208 -
Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 3(2), 2010 Sheep manure analysis showed its macro and micro nutrients content which provide thyme plants with their requirements from these elements. Iron (Fe) is necessary for photosynthesis and is present as an enzyme cofactor in plant. Zinc (Zn) plays an essential role in DNA transcription and internodal elongation (stem growth). The increase in growth parameters resulting by cattle and sheep manure may be attributed to enhancing soil aggregation, soil aeration, increasing water holding capacity and offers good environmental conditions for root system (Abou El-Magd, 2006). Several investigators reported similar promotion effect of cattle and sheep manure on various plants, i.e, Van Hiep and Preston, 2006 on Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach), (Ewulo et al, 2007 on peper, Jahan et al, 2008) on Cucurbita pepo (Schneider squash), and Azzaz et al, 2009 on fennel. The combination between compost, compost tea, rock phosphate and feldspar gave the higher values of different parameters comparing with other treatments. The maximum values of number of branches, fresh and dry weights and essential oil percentage in the 1 first. cut were recorded with application of compost at the rate of 20m 3 fed -1 .+ compost tea (20L. fed -1 .) + rock phosphate at 150kg fed -1 . Beneficial effect of compost tea on plant may due to its direct nutrients supplying and/or its microbial functions (Khalil, 2000, Khalil et al 2002, Edris et al 2003 and Hendawy, 2008) Moreover, phosphorus is an important nutritional element in metabolic processes and as a main constituent of energy compounds, nucleic acids, phospholipids and co-enzymes (Hafez and Mahmoud, 2008). This could be explained the superiority of treatment (compost + compost tea + rock phosphate) which represented both organic fertilizers types affected growth characters of thyme plants. Essential oil percentage tended to increase with application of organic fertilizers either cattle manure, sheep manure or compost. It ranged from 1.44% (control) to 2.13% (compost + compost tea + rock phosphate) in the first cut and from 1.48% (control) to 2.22 % for the same treatment in the second cut. Growth and essential oil percentage of Thymus vulgaris plants of two cuts of the second season (2008) as influenced by different types of organic fertilization are shown in Table (7). The same trends were almost observed in both cuttings for plant growth characters which increased significantly with applied treatments compared with control except plant height in the first cut. Individual application of rock phosphate and feldspar were significant in both cuts except number of branches in the first. cut. The response of growth characters to P and K followed the same pattern of change as the obtained by many researches (Murugan et al 2002 on chilli, Akintokum et al 2003 on soybean, and Ezzat et al 2005 on lentil). Cattle and sheep manure rates added to thyme plants resulted in significant differences in most of parameters except plant height in the first cut. As shown in Tables (4&5), that the content of both sheep and cattle manures from organic matter reached 33% and 34%, respectively. It acts as a buffer against pH change, protects plants from heavy metals and salt toxicity and support micro-organisms that recycle nutrients and soil formation (Varanini and pinton 1995). Therefore, the response of thyme plants to sheep and cattle would be much superior. The best - 209 -
Page 1 and 2: Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 3
Page 3 and 4: Seeds of thyme were kindly provided
Page 5: Contents Sheep Manure O.M % pH Tabl
Page 9 and 10: Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 3
Page 11 and 12: It showed its minimum percent (44.1
Page 13 and 14: Gomaa, A.M., 1995. Response of cert

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