How Do Solar Panel Work? A solar panel is a ... - Digital Consummate

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Solar Charge Controller A Solar charge controller, or solar regulator is similar to the voltage regulator in your car. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most “12 volt” panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged. Not always, but usually. Generally, there is no need for a Solar charge Controller with the small maintenance, or trickle charge panels, such as the 1 to 5 watt solar panels. A rough rule is that if the panel puts out about 2 watts or less for each 50 battery amp-hours, then you don’t need one. We offer high quality and cheap price PWM Solar Charge Controller and MPPT Solar Charge Controller. There has JUTA, EP and Cinco series Solar Charge Controller.Such As, CMP12, CM3024Z, CM5024Z, MPPT-10,MPPT-20, MPPT- 30, EP solar controller LandStar, SeaStar and ViewStar, And Tracker MPPT Solar Controller.all above types solar controller are widely sell over 50 countries. How do the Solar Charge Controller Work? For example, a standard flooded golf car battery is around 210 amp-hours. So to keep up a series pair of them (12 volts) just for maintenance or storage, you would want a panel that is around 4.2 watts. The popular 5 watt panels are close enough, and will not need a controller. If you are maintaining AGM deep cycle batteries, such as the Concorde Sun Xtender then you can use a smaller 2 to 2 watt panel. What is the different from PWM and MPPT Solar Charge Controller? • PWM Solar Charge Controller: Quite a few charge controls have a “PWM” mode. PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation. PWM is often used as one method of float charging. Instead of a steady output from the controller, it sends out a series of short charging pulses to the battery – a very rapid “on-off” switch. The controller constantly checks the state of the battery to determine how fast to send pulses, and how long (wide) the pulses will be. In a fully charged battery with no load, it may just “tick” every few seconds and send a short pulse to the battery. In a discharged battery, the pulses would be very long and almost continuous, or
the controller may go into “full on” mode. The controller checks the state of charge on the battery between pulses and adjusts itself each time. • MPPT Solar Charge Controller: MPPT solar charge controller schematic, A maximum power point tracker (or MPPT) is a high efficiency DC to DC converter which functions as an optimal electrical load for a photovoltaic (PV) cell, most commonly for a solar panel or array, and converts the power to a voltage or current level which is more suitable to whatever load the system is designed to drive. The most basic solar charge controller simply monitors the battery voltage and opens the circuit, stopping the charging, when the battery voltage rises to a certain level. Older charge controllers used a mechanical relay to open or close the circuit, stopping or starting power going to the batteries. More modern charge controllers use pulse width modulation (PWM) to slowly lower the amount of power applied to the batteries as the batteries get closer and closer to fully charged. This type of controller allows the batteries to be more fully charged with less stress on the battery, extending battery life. It can also keep batteries in a fully charged state (called “float”) indefinitely. PWM is more complex, but doesn’t have any mechanical connections to break. The most recent and best type of solar charge controller is called maximum power point tracking or MPPT. MPPT solar controllers are basically able to convert excess voltage into amperage. This has advantages in a couple of different areas. Most solar power systems use 12 volt batteries, like you find in cars. (Some use other voltages and the same advantages apply to these systems as well.) Solar panels can deliver far more voltage than is required to charge the batteries. By, in essence, converting the excess voltage into amps, the charge voltage can be kept at an optimal level while the time required to fully charge the batteries is reduced. This allows the solar power system to operate optimally at all times. Another area that is enhanced by an MPPT charge controller is power loss. Lower voltage in the wires running from the solar panels to the charge controller results in higher energy loss in the wires than higher voltage. With a PWM charge controller used with 12v batteries, the voltage from the solar panel to the charge controller typically has to be 18v. Using an MPPT controller allows much higher voltages in the wires from the panels to the solar charge controller. The MPPT controller then converts the excess voltage into additional amps. By running higher voltage in the wires from the solar panels to the charge controller, power loss in the wires is reduced significantly. MPPT charge controllers are more expensive that PWM charge controllers, but the advantages are worth the cost. If you can afford it, you should definitely use an MPPT solar charge controller. The final function of modern solar charge controllers is preventing reverse-current flow. At night, when solar panels aren’t generating electricity, electricity can actually flow backwards from the batteries through the solar panels, draining the batteries. You’ve worked hard all day using solar power to charge the batteries, you don’t want to waste all that power! The charge controller can detect when no energy is coming from the solar panels and open the circuit, disconnecting the solar panels from the batteries and stopping reverse current flow.
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How Do Solar Panel Work? A solar panel is a ... - Digital Consummate

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