fsm_book

Recommendations

Info

15.4.4 Amalgamation of faecal sludge management stakeholders’ main characteristics and involvement needs 328 15.4.5 Practical problems faced by faecal sludge management stakeholders 328 15.5 In practice: iterative selection of key stakeholders 331 15.5.1 STEP 1: Identification and preliminary characterisation of the stakeholders 331 15.5.2 STEP 2: Characterisation and selection of the key stakeholders 334 15.5.3 STEP 3: Reassessment of the key stakeholders according to the validated options 336 15.5.4 STEP 4: Reassessment according to the Action Plan 338 15.5.5 STEP 5: Reassessment before the inauguration of the faecal sludge management plant 339 15.6 Bibliography 339 Chapter 16 341 Stakeholder Engagement Philippe Reymond and Magalie Bassan 16.1 Introduction 341 16.2 The importance of engaging stakeholders 342 16.3 Participation levels 343 16.3.1 From information to delegation 344 16.3.2 Determination of the participation levels based on the stakeholder analysis 344 16.3.3 The stakeholder participation matrix 345 16.4 Involvement tools 346 16.4.1 List of involvement tools 346 16.4.2 Determining the most appropriate involvement tools 349 16.5 Milestones and cross-cutting tasks 351 16.5.1 Main milestones in the participatory process 351 16.5.2 Raising awareness 352 16.5.3 Training and capacity building 353 16.6 Distributing and formalising roles and responsibilities 355 16.6.1 Formalisation documents 355 16.6.2 Diagram of relationships 357 16.7 Bibliography 362 Chapter 17 363 Planning Integrated Faecal Sludge Management Systems Philippe Reymond 17.1 Introduction 363 17.2 Need for an integrated approach 367 17.2.1 Understanding and working towards an enabling environment 368 17.2.2 The importance of a participatory approach 370 17.3 Proposal of a planning approach and logical framework 373 17.3.1 Exploratory and preliminary studies 376 17.3.2 Feasibility study 377 17.3.3 Detailed project development – Action Planning 377 17.3.4 Implementation 378 17.3.5 Monitoring and evaluation 378 17.4 Selecting context-appropriate technical options 379 17.4.1 Combination of services 379 xxi
17.4.2 Criteria for selection of treatment options 380 17.4.3 Elimination-based approach 380 17.4.4 Sanitation system proposal 383 17.5 Bibliography 387 Chapter 18 389 The Way Forward Linda Strande 18.1 Introduction 389 18.1.1 Acknowledging the importance of faecal sludge management 392 18.1.2 Setting up frameworks and responsibilities 393 18.1.3 Increasing knowledge dissemination and capacity development 393 18.1.4 Creating sustainable business models and fee structures 395 18.1.5 Implementingintegrated planning methodologies 396 18.1.6 Developing appropriate technologies 398 18.2 Characterisation of faecal sludge 398 18.3 Collection and transport 400 18.4 Semi-centralised treatment technologies 400 18.5 Onsite treatment technologies 400 18.6 Resource recovery 401 18.7 Final remarks 401 18.8 Bibliography 402 xxii
Page 1 and 2: Faecal Sludge Management Editors Li
Page 4 and 5: Faecal Sludge Management Systems Ap
Page 6 and 7: About the editors Linda Strande Dr.
Page 8: Authors in alphabetical order Magal
Page 11 and 12: From its inception, the Bill & Meli
Page 14 and 15: Contents About the editors Authors
Page 16 and 17: 4.5 Manually operated mechanical co
Page 18 and 19: 7.5 Quality of dried sludge and lea
Page 20 and 21: 11.2.4 Degree of mechanisation of t
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 The Global Situation Lind
Page 26 and 27: or funding to maintain their functi
Page 28 and 29: The target audience of this book in
Page 30 and 31: life of a project. As presented in
Page 32 and 33: Figure 1.6 Transport of faecal slud
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 13 Financial Transfers and
Page 36 and 37: How to Design Wastewater Systems fo
Page 40 and 41: Technology
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 Faecal Sludge Quantificat
Page 44 and 45: 2.2.1 Sludge production method The
Page 46 and 47: The accuracy of any method to estim
Page 48 and 49: 2.4 Operational factors that impact
Page 50 and 51: 2.4.5 Climate Climate has a direct
Page 52 and 53: 2.7 Treatment Concerns The source o
Page 54 and 55: Several managerial challenges were
Page 56 and 57: (Mitchell, 1989; Jönsson et al., 2
Page 58 and 59: 2.9.4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand and
Page 60 and 61: Case Study 2.4: Sand and solid wast
Page 62 and 63: 2.10.1 The use of indicators When m
Page 64 and 65: Viruses Quantification of total vir
Page 66 and 67: Malicki, J., Montusiewicz, A., Bieg
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 3 Treatment Mechanisms Maga
Page 70 and 71: There are three main forces influen
Page 72 and 73:
The main physical mechanisms that a
Page 74 and 75:
The Penman formula shown in Equatio
Page 76 and 77:
Equation 3.9: F c = Wr(r s - r)V Wh
Page 78 and 79:
that consumed readily degradable or
Page 80 and 81:
facultative or maturation ponds. Ae
Page 82 and 83:
Technology Figure 3.9 Biogas reacto
Page 84 and 85:
form of orthophosphoric acid (H 3 P
Page 86 and 87:
3.4.1 Alkaline stabilisation Alkali
Page 88 and 89:
Feachem, R. G., Bradley, D. J. (198
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 4 Methods and Means for Col
Page 92 and 93:
When emptying the FS from onsite sy
Page 94 and 95:
Methods to locate sanitation system
Page 96 and 97:
4.3 Properties of faecal sludge in
Page 98 and 99:
60 cm Technology 10 cm 58 cm 35 cm
Page 100 and 101:
While they are light enough to be t
Page 102 and 103:
The performance of the petrol or di
Page 104 and 105:
Vacuum system Constant air drag sys
Page 106 and 107:
Vacutug In 1995, lessons learned fr
Page 108 and 109:
4.6.7 Summary of fully mechanised s
Page 110 and 111:
Technology Figure 4.15 Sludge colle
Page 112 and 113:
4.8 Transfer Stations 4.8.1 Introdu
Page 114 and 115:
Acceptance It is not uncommon for c
Page 116 and 117:
4.9 Occupational Health and Safety
Page 118 and 119:
Brikké, F., Bredero, M. (2003). Li
Page 120 and 121:
Chapter 5 Overview of Treatment Tec
Page 122 and 123:
Chapter 3. One of the key elements
Page 124 and 125:
Optimal composting conditions with
Page 126 and 127:
1 anaerobic 2 facultative 3 aerobic
Page 128 and 129:
Case Study 5.2: Deep row entrenchme
Page 130 and 131:
eport in their review that reductio
Page 132 and 133:
5.4.4 Mechanical sludge treatment M
Page 134 and 135:
impermeable to reduce lining costs.
Page 136 and 137:
Most of the work so far has been at
Page 138 and 139:
Potential advantages and constraint
Page 140 and 141:
in these systems are the solar vari
Page 142 and 143:
Table 5.2 Comparison of FSM and sew
Page 144 and 145:
Hill, P.E., Bux, M. (2011). Harness
Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 6 Settling-Thickening Tanks
Page 148 and 149:
Technology Figure 6.2 Left: the twi
Page 150 and 151:
The scum layer is important to cons
Page 152 and 153:
6.3.2 Tank surface and length The l
Page 154 and 155:
The FS loading period needs to be d
Page 156 and 157:
Technology Figure 6.6 Settling-thic
Page 158 and 159:
Experiences from Accra reveiled the
Page 160 and 161:
• two parallel tanks are designed
Page 162 and 163:
6.8 Bibliography Badji K., Dodane P
Page 164 and 165:
Chapter 7 Unplanted Drying Beds Pie
Page 166 and 167:
Technology Figure 7.2 Freshly loade
Page 168 and 169:
7.3.3 Sludge loading rate The sludg
Page 170 and 171:
7.4 Construction of an unplanted sl
Page 172 and 173:
Case Study 7.2: Cambérène faecal
Page 174 and 175:
7.6 Design example This section pro
Page 176 and 177:
7.7.4 Additives to the sludge to en
Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 8 Planted Drying Beds Ives
Page 180 and 181:
8.2 Macrophytes Macrophytes are pla
Page 182 and 183:
8.3 Treatment mechanisms The treatm
Page 184 and 185:
As the top layer of sludge dries, i
Page 186 and 187:
Case Study 8.1: Loading frequency e
Page 188 and 189:
Table 8.2 Summary of performance in
Page 190 and 191:
Case Study 8.3: Design and construc
Page 192 and 193:
Case Study 8.4: Commissioning plant
Page 194 and 195:
8.6.4 Plant harvesting and regrowth
Page 196 and 197:
A study in Italy, attempted to quan
Page 198 and 199:
Clarke, E., Baldwin, A. H. (2002).
Page 200 and 201:
Chapter 9 Co-treatment of Faecal Sl
Page 202 and 203:
Table 9.1 Characterisation ratios f
Page 204 and 205:
Organic nitrogen can be divided int
Page 206 and 207:
Table 9.3 Faecal sludge COD fractio
Page 208 and 209:
It was also confirmed that the high
Page 210 and 211:
3,000 2,500 2,000 Q WAS (%) 1,500 1
Page 212 and 213:
Table 9.5 Maximum faecal sludge vol
Page 214 and 215:
Case Study 9.2: Co-treatment of sep
Page 216 and 217:
The characteristics of FS need to b
Page 218 and 219:
For anaerobic co-treatment in diges
Page 220 and 221:
and also operating and maintenance
Page 222 and 223:
Dangol, B. (2013). Faecal sludge ch
Page 224 and 225:
USEPA (1994). Guide to septage trea
Page 226 and 227:
Chapter 10 Enduse of Treatment Prod
Page 228 and 229:
Technology Figure 10.1 Faecal-oral
Page 230 and 231:
Table 10. 3 Nutrient content of uri
Page 232 and 233:
Land application The direct use of
Page 234 and 235:
10.5 Use of Liquid Streams Liquid s
Page 236 and 237:
Technology Figure 10.5 Crop irrigat
Page 238 and 239:
Case Study 10.1: Market value of fo
Page 240 and 241:
Technology Figure 10.9 Energy recov
Page 242 and 243:
Technology Figure 10.10 Different o
Page 244 and 245:
field of HTC and its applications t
Page 246 and 247:
10.7 Grit Screenings Screening at t
Page 248 and 249:
Koottatep, T., Surinkul, N., Polpra
Page 252 and 253:
Management
Page 254 and 255:
Chapter 11 Operation, Maintenance a
Page 256 and 257:
The level of organisation required
Page 258 and 259:
to empty settling-thickening tanks
Page 260 and 261:
Operators of FSTPs should be traine
Page 262 and 263:
Asset management is crucial for lar
Page 264 and 265:
Figure 11.4 Settleability tests per
Page 266 and 267:
The type of records and the length
Page 268 and 269:
Figure 11.6 Safety posters and sign
Page 270 and 271:
11.8.6 Confined spaces A confined s
Page 272 and 273:
Smaller FSTPs may combine various j
Page 274 and 275:
employees on the difficulties exper
Page 276 and 277:
11.12 Bibliography Bassan, M. (2009
Page 278 and 279:
Chapter 12 Institutional Frameworks
Page 280 and 281:
populated areas such as informal se
Page 282 and 283:
Financial management ability: Sound
Page 284 and 285:
Permits and licenses: Documents are
Page 286 and 287:
Option 1: Each step of the service
Page 288 and 289:
Table 12.2 Possible stakeholders, t
Page 290 and 291:
Figure 12.6 Privately owned collect
Page 292 and 293:
Direct management by national or mu
Page 294 and 295:
Blunier, P. (2004). La collecte et
Page 296 and 297:
Chapter 13 Financial Transfers and
Page 298 and 299:
improved FSM and influence the desi
Page 300 and 301:
The most equitable and financially
Page 302 and 303:
Faecal sludge flow Household sanita
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
One concern with this model is the
Page 310 and 311:
level users, businesses, and the pu
Page 312 and 313:
Table 13.4 Table for summarising ye
Page 314:
Jeuland, M. (2004). Private Sector
Page 317 and 318:
Planning 294
Page 319 and 320:
Planning 296
Page 321 and 322:
Planning 1 For more information on
Page 323 and 324:
Planning 300
Page 325 and 326:
Planning 302
Page 327 and 328:
Planning 304
Page 329 and 330:
Planning 306
Page 331 and 332:
Planning 308
Page 333 and 334:
Planning 310
Page 335 and 336:
Planning 312
Page 337 and 338:
Criteria Sine qua non conditions Pl
Page 339 and 340:
inlet < > FSTP inlet Planning outle
Page 341 and 342:
Planning 318
Page 343 and 344:
Planning 320
Page 345 and 346:
Planning 1 Reed et al. (2009) amalg
Page 347 and 348:
Planning 324
Page 349 and 350:
INFLUENCE FACTORS Planning 326
Page 351 and 352:
Influence Interest C3: Potential su
Page 353 and 354:
Planning 330
Page 355 and 356:
Planning 332
Page 357 and 358:
Planning 334
Page 359 and 360:
Stakeholders Roles and responsibili
Page 361 and 362:
Low interest High interest Cattle b
Page 363 and 364:
Planning 340
Page 365 and 366:
Planning 342
Page 367 and 368:
Planning 344
Page 369 and 370:
Information Consultation Collaborat
Page 371 and 372:
Planning 348
Page 373 and 374:
Planning 350
Page 375 and 376:
Planning 1 See CLUES guidelines p.
Page 377 and 378:
Components of the supply chain Resp
Page 379 and 380:
Planning 356
Page 381 and 382:
Planning 358
Page 383 and 384:
Planning Planning steps Participati
Page 385 and 386:
Planning 362
Page 387 and 388:
Planning 364
Page 389 and 390:
City Sanitation Plan Local Authorit
Page 391 and 392:
Planning 368
Page 393 and 394:
Planning 1 To learn more about the
Page 395 and 396:
Planning 372
Page 397 and 398:
Phase description Main Outcomes - A
Page 399 and 400:
Planning 376
Page 401 and 402:
Planning 378
Page 403 and 404:
Treatment performance Local context
Page 405 and 406:
Planning 382
Page 407 and 408:
Planning Selecting a context-approp
Page 409 and 410:
Planning Figure 17.11 Example diagr
Page 411 and 412:
Planning 388
Page 413 and 414:
Management Planning Management Tech
Page 415 and 416:
Planning Management Technology 18.1
Page 417 and 418:
Planning Management Technology to p
Page 419 and 420:
Planning Management Technology Figu
Page 421 and 422:
Planning Management Technology The
Page 423 and 424:
18.3 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT Plann
Page 425 and 426:
Planning Management Technology info
Page 427:
Over a billion people in urban and
show all

fsm_book

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?