fsm_book

Recommendations

Info

Standard project FSM planning from A to Z Participatory stages phases Activities Outcomes Chapters CLUES SAN21 Feasibility study Preliminary (pre-feasibility) studies Exploratory study M&E Implementation Detailed project development A B C Preliminary assessment of the initial situation and first inventory of stakeholders Identification and preliminary characterisation of the stakeholders and their relationships Initial launching workshop, including field visit with all the stakeholders Overview of the situation; facilitators are identified Inception report 14 15 All stakeholders are identified and characterised 15 Stakeholders are sensitised to sanitation reality and aware about the project's objectives D Assessment of: - Sanitation practice and needs, reuse interests Sanitation practices are identified, as well as urban - Institutional setup, government support heterogeneity; - Legal and regulatory framework Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are - Existing organisational modes identified (SWOT analysis); 14 - City structure and heterogeneity of sanitation practices - Existing financial flows The enabling environment is described - Climate E Selection of potential organisational modes Orientation of the process towards realistic options 12 F Identification of sites for treatment Stakeholders have indicated existing and potential sites 14.4 G Characterisation and selection of key stakeholders Stakeholder who have interest in and/or influence on the process are identified 15.4 to 15.5 Preliminary studies report H Quantification and characterisation of sludge Process leaders know what has to be treated 2 I Characterisation and selection of sites Appropriate sites are selected 14.4 J K L M N O P Preselection of combinations of technologies, organisational modes and financial mechanisms Detailed evaluation of selected options, including: - Requirements of technology combinations, pros and cons, O&M - Organisational mode and institutional setup; roles & responsibilities; contractual arrangements - Capital and operation costs, financial mechanisms, estimated budget - Skills required to run each system - Environmental impact assessment Preliminary presentation of the results to the key stakeholders Final selection of system options Workshop : Validation of chosen options by all the stakeholders Reassessment of key stakeholders according to the validated options Detailed project development (Action Plan): - Detailed design of the treatment plant - Detailed definition of roles & responsibilities - O&M management plan with clear allocation of costs, responsibilities and training needs - Conventions between stakeholders, securing financial and institutional mechanisms - Strategy for control and enforcement - Definition of needs for capacity building and job creation - Definition of contracts and bidding processes - M&E strategy for the implementation phase - Timeline for implementation with distinct phases and an itemised implementation budget Scenarios are elaborated 16.5 5,11,12, 13,15,17 System scenarios are evaluated and optimised 4-17 Stakeholders are consulted and agreement is secured 16 17 Proposals are validated by all stakeholders 16.5 Influence and interest of stakeholders are reassessed according to the previous decisions Feasibility study report The Action Plan is written; The whole system is described in detail Q Workshop : Presentation of the Action Plan The Action Plan is validated by all stakeholders R Reassessment of key stakeholders according to Action Plan Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders are redefined according to the Action Plan Detailed Project Document S Recruitment of contractors for building and O&M 11 T Organisation of the sector, transfer of roles & FS management is transferred to the corresponding responsibilities stakeholders 11,12,13,16 Awareness is raised among users; U Capacity building / information campaigns Capacity is built where needed 16 V Monitoring of construction Building according to state-of-the-art is ensured 11 W X Y Z Reassessment of key stakeholders before inauguration of the FSTP Start-up of the system Official inauguration ceremony Monitoring of the running system (technical stability, satisfaction of stakeholders, cost recovery) Capacity of stakeholders to deal with their new roles and responsibilities is assessed The FSTP is brought to its state of equilibrium; stakeholders have acquired the necessary skills The FSTP is officially transferred to the city authorities / private entrepreneurs 15.5 11 12 13 16 17 The system is monitored to ensure its sustainability 11 16.5 15.5 15.5 11 Process ignition Identification of service options Development of an Action Plan Launch of the planning process Detailed assessment of the current situation Implementation of the Action Plan Establish a city sanitation task force Understand the existing context Identify viable solutions Elaborate Strategic Plan Prepare for implementation Planning 365
City Sanitation Plan Local Authority Sanitation Task Force Planning 366
Page 1 and 2:
Faecal Sludge Management Editors Li
Page 4 and 5:
Faecal Sludge Management Systems Ap
Page 6 and 7:
About the editors Linda Strande Dr.
Page 8:
Authors in alphabetical order Magal
Page 11 and 12:
From its inception, the Bill & Meli
Page 14 and 15:
Contents About the editors Authors
Page 16 and 17:
4.5 Manually operated mechanical co
Page 18 and 19:
7.5 Quality of dried sludge and lea
Page 20 and 21:
11.2.4 Degree of mechanisation of t
Page 22 and 23:
15.4.4 Amalgamation of faecal sludg
Page 24 and 25:
Chapter 1 The Global Situation Lind
Page 26 and 27:
or funding to maintain their functi
Page 28 and 29:
The target audience of this book in
Page 30 and 31:
life of a project. As presented in
Page 32 and 33:
Figure 1.6 Transport of faecal slud
Page 34 and 35:
Chapter 13 Financial Transfers and
Page 36 and 37:
How to Design Wastewater Systems fo
Page 40 and 41:
Technology
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter 2 Faecal Sludge Quantificat
Page 44 and 45:
2.2.1 Sludge production method The
Page 46 and 47:
The accuracy of any method to estim
Page 48 and 49:
2.4 Operational factors that impact
Page 50 and 51:
2.4.5 Climate Climate has a direct
Page 52 and 53:
2.7 Treatment Concerns The source o
Page 54 and 55:
Several managerial challenges were
Page 56 and 57:
(Mitchell, 1989; Jönsson et al., 2
Page 58 and 59:
2.9.4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand and
Page 60 and 61:
Case Study 2.4: Sand and solid wast
Page 62 and 63:
2.10.1 The use of indicators When m
Page 64 and 65:
Viruses Quantification of total vir
Page 66 and 67:
Malicki, J., Montusiewicz, A., Bieg
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter 3 Treatment Mechanisms Maga
Page 70 and 71:
There are three main forces influen
Page 72 and 73:
The main physical mechanisms that a
Page 74 and 75:
The Penman formula shown in Equatio
Page 76 and 77:
Equation 3.9: F c = Wr(r s - r)V Wh
Page 78 and 79:
that consumed readily degradable or
Page 80 and 81:
facultative or maturation ponds. Ae
Page 82 and 83:
Technology Figure 3.9 Biogas reacto
Page 84 and 85:
form of orthophosphoric acid (H 3 P
Page 86 and 87:
3.4.1 Alkaline stabilisation Alkali
Page 88 and 89:
Feachem, R. G., Bradley, D. J. (198
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 4 Methods and Means for Col
Page 92 and 93:
When emptying the FS from onsite sy
Page 94 and 95:
Methods to locate sanitation system
Page 96 and 97:
4.3 Properties of faecal sludge in
Page 98 and 99:
60 cm Technology 10 cm 58 cm 35 cm
Page 100 and 101:
While they are light enough to be t
Page 102 and 103:
The performance of the petrol or di
Page 104 and 105:
Vacuum system Constant air drag sys
Page 106 and 107:
Vacutug In 1995, lessons learned fr
Page 108 and 109:
4.6.7 Summary of fully mechanised s
Page 110 and 111:
Technology Figure 4.15 Sludge colle
Page 112 and 113:
4.8 Transfer Stations 4.8.1 Introdu
Page 114 and 115:
Acceptance It is not uncommon for c
Page 116 and 117:
4.9 Occupational Health and Safety
Page 118 and 119:
Brikké, F., Bredero, M. (2003). Li
Page 120 and 121:
Chapter 5 Overview of Treatment Tec
Page 122 and 123:
Chapter 3. One of the key elements
Page 124 and 125:
Optimal composting conditions with
Page 126 and 127:
1 anaerobic 2 facultative 3 aerobic
Page 128 and 129:
Case Study 5.2: Deep row entrenchme
Page 130 and 131:
eport in their review that reductio
Page 132 and 133:
5.4.4 Mechanical sludge treatment M
Page 134 and 135:
impermeable to reduce lining costs.
Page 136 and 137:
Most of the work so far has been at
Page 138 and 139:
Potential advantages and constraint
Page 140 and 141:
in these systems are the solar vari
Page 142 and 143:
Table 5.2 Comparison of FSM and sew
Page 144 and 145:
Hill, P.E., Bux, M. (2011). Harness
Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 6 Settling-Thickening Tanks
Page 148 and 149:
Technology Figure 6.2 Left: the twi
Page 150 and 151:
The scum layer is important to cons
Page 152 and 153:
6.3.2 Tank surface and length The l
Page 154 and 155:
The FS loading period needs to be d
Page 156 and 157:
Technology Figure 6.6 Settling-thic
Page 158 and 159:
Experiences from Accra reveiled the
Page 160 and 161:
• two parallel tanks are designed
Page 162 and 163:
6.8 Bibliography Badji K., Dodane P
Page 164 and 165:
Chapter 7 Unplanted Drying Beds Pie
Page 166 and 167:
Technology Figure 7.2 Freshly loade
Page 168 and 169:
7.3.3 Sludge loading rate The sludg
Page 170 and 171:
7.4 Construction of an unplanted sl
Page 172 and 173:
Case Study 7.2: Cambérène faecal
Page 174 and 175:
7.6 Design example This section pro
Page 176 and 177:
7.7.4 Additives to the sludge to en
Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 8 Planted Drying Beds Ives
Page 180 and 181:
8.2 Macrophytes Macrophytes are pla
Page 182 and 183:
8.3 Treatment mechanisms The treatm
Page 184 and 185:
As the top layer of sludge dries, i
Page 186 and 187:
Case Study 8.1: Loading frequency e
Page 188 and 189:
Table 8.2 Summary of performance in
Page 190 and 191:
Case Study 8.3: Design and construc
Page 192 and 193:
Case Study 8.4: Commissioning plant
Page 194 and 195:
8.6.4 Plant harvesting and regrowth
Page 196 and 197:
A study in Italy, attempted to quan
Page 198 and 199:
Clarke, E., Baldwin, A. H. (2002).
Page 200 and 201:
Chapter 9 Co-treatment of Faecal Sl
Page 202 and 203:
Table 9.1 Characterisation ratios f
Page 204 and 205:
Organic nitrogen can be divided int
Page 206 and 207:
Table 9.3 Faecal sludge COD fractio
Page 208 and 209:
It was also confirmed that the high
Page 210 and 211:
3,000 2,500 2,000 Q WAS (%) 1,500 1
Page 212 and 213:
Table 9.5 Maximum faecal sludge vol
Page 214 and 215:
Case Study 9.2: Co-treatment of sep
Page 216 and 217:
The characteristics of FS need to b
Page 218 and 219:
For anaerobic co-treatment in diges
Page 220 and 221:
and also operating and maintenance
Page 222 and 223:
Dangol, B. (2013). Faecal sludge ch
Page 224 and 225:
USEPA (1994). Guide to septage trea
Page 226 and 227:
Chapter 10 Enduse of Treatment Prod
Page 228 and 229:
Technology Figure 10.1 Faecal-oral
Page 230 and 231:
Table 10. 3 Nutrient content of uri
Page 232 and 233:
Land application The direct use of
Page 234 and 235:
10.5 Use of Liquid Streams Liquid s
Page 236 and 237:
Technology Figure 10.5 Crop irrigat
Page 238 and 239:
Case Study 10.1: Market value of fo
Page 240 and 241:
Technology Figure 10.9 Energy recov
Page 242 and 243:
Technology Figure 10.10 Different o
Page 244 and 245:
field of HTC and its applications t
Page 246 and 247:
10.7 Grit Screenings Screening at t
Page 248 and 249:
Koottatep, T., Surinkul, N., Polpra
Page 252 and 253:
Management
Page 254 and 255:
Chapter 11 Operation, Maintenance a
Page 256 and 257:
The level of organisation required
Page 258 and 259:
to empty settling-thickening tanks
Page 260 and 261:
Operators of FSTPs should be traine
Page 262 and 263:
Asset management is crucial for lar
Page 264 and 265:
Figure 11.4 Settleability tests per
Page 266 and 267:
The type of records and the length
Page 268 and 269:
Figure 11.6 Safety posters and sign
Page 270 and 271:
11.8.6 Confined spaces A confined s
Page 272 and 273:
Smaller FSTPs may combine various j
Page 274 and 275:
employees on the difficulties exper
Page 276 and 277:
11.12 Bibliography Bassan, M. (2009
Page 278 and 279:
Chapter 12 Institutional Frameworks
Page 280 and 281:
populated areas such as informal se
Page 282 and 283:
Financial management ability: Sound
Page 284 and 285:
Permits and licenses: Documents are
Page 286 and 287:
Option 1: Each step of the service
Page 288 and 289:
Table 12.2 Possible stakeholders, t
Page 290 and 291:
Figure 12.6 Privately owned collect
Page 292 and 293:
Direct management by national or mu
Page 294 and 295:
Blunier, P. (2004). La collecte et
Page 296 and 297:
Chapter 13 Financial Transfers and
Page 298 and 299:
improved FSM and influence the desi
Page 300 and 301:
The most equitable and financially
Page 302 and 303:
Faecal sludge flow Household sanita
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
One concern with this model is the
Page 310 and 311:
level users, businesses, and the pu
Page 312 and 313:
Table 13.4 Table for summarising ye
Page 314:
Jeuland, M. (2004). Private Sector
Page 317 and 318:
Planning 294
Page 319 and 320:
Planning 296
Page 321 and 322:
Planning 1 For more information on
Page 323 and 324:
Planning 300
Page 325 and 326:
Planning 302
Page 327 and 328:
Planning 304
Page 329 and 330:
Planning 306
Page 331 and 332:
Planning 308
Page 333 and 334:
Planning 310
Page 335 and 336:
Planning 312
Page 337 and 338: Criteria Sine qua non conditions Pl
Page 339 and 340: inlet < > FSTP inlet Planning outle
Page 341 and 342: Planning 318
Page 345 and 346: Planning 1 Reed et al. (2009) amalg
Page 349 and 350: INFLUENCE FACTORS Planning 326
Page 351 and 352: Influence Interest C3: Potential su
Page 359 and 360: Stakeholders Roles and responsibili
Page 361 and 362: Low interest High interest Cattle b
Page 369 and 370: Information Consultation Collaborat
Page 375 and 376: Planning 1 See CLUES guidelines p.
Page 377 and 378: Components of the supply chain Resp
Page 383 and 384: Planning Planning steps Participati
Page 387: Planning 364
Page 393 and 394: Planning 1 To learn more about the
Page 397 and 398: Phase description Main Outcomes - A
Page 403 and 404: Treatment performance Local context
Page 407 and 408: Planning Selecting a context-approp
Page 409 and 410: Planning Figure 17.11 Example diagr
Page 413 and 414: Management Planning Management Tech
Page 415 and 416: Planning Management Technology 18.1
Page 417 and 418: Planning Management Technology to p
Page 419 and 420: Planning Management Technology Figu
Page 421 and 422: Planning Management Technology The
Page 423 and 424: 18.3 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT Plann
Page 425 and 426: Planning Management Technology info
Page 427: Over a billion people in urban and
show all

fsm_book

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?