UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

4. D.M. Mithani, Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya publishing House, New
Delhi.
5. Rudder Dutt and K.P.M Sundaran, Indian Economy, S Chand and Co.
6. Hal R. Varian, Intermediate Micro Economics- A Modern Approach, WW Norton and Co (United States),
2006
7. Koutsoyiannis A, Modern Micro Economics, 2 nd Edn, Macmillan, UK
8. Batliboi J.R, Double Entry book Keeping
9. K.G. Chandrasekharan Nair, A Systematic approach to Accounting:
UNIVERSITY QUESTION
Note: Part I and Part II to be answered in separate answer books.
Part – I Economics
Part A – 30 Marks (short answers) covering entire syllabus (3x10=30)
Part B – 40 marks (50% choice one out of two or two out of four from each module)
Part – II Accountancy
Three questions covering entire syllabus out of which two questions has to be answered (2x15=30)
08.403 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (B)
Credits: 04 L/T/P: 3/1/0
MODULE I
Identification of the genetic material - classical experiments: Griffith’s, Avery McLeod, Hershey Chase. Structure of
DNA: Detailed structure of DNA, different forms of DNA, denaturation and melting curves. Structure of RNA: mRNA,
rRNA and tRNA primary, secondary, tertiary structures and functions. DNA Replication: Models of DNA replication-
Experimental evidence for semi conservative; Mechanism of DNA replication in E.coli (bidirectional), Stages of
replication, Mitochondrial (D-loop), Viral DNA (Rolling circle), Enzymes and protein factors involved in replication.
Chromosomal replication of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Transcription:-Transcription apparatus, RNA polymerases and proteins involved in transcription, Stages of
Transcription, transcription factors, upstream activation sequences, Consensus sequences. Exon intron concept.
Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Post transcriptional processing of RNA’s- tRNA, rRNA,
mRNA splicing, inhibitors of transcription.
MODULE II
Translation: The genetic code and Wobble hypothesis and codon usage, Protein synthesis in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes, protein factors involved in protein synthesis, post translational modifications, inhibitors of translation.
Chromosome organization in eukaryotes, Interaction between DNA and DNA binding proteins, DNA binding domains
and motifs: Helix loop helix, Zinc finger, homeodomain Leucine zippers and basic helix-loop helix.
Mutagenesis: Types of mutations, Mutagens- types and action, DNA repair: Photoreactivation, Excision repair,
Recombination repair and SOS repair
Regulation of gene expression: Constitutive and induced enzymes in bacteria, enzymes repression, catabolic repression.
Regulatory genes, structural genes and repressors. The operon model - lactose, histidine operon, arabinose and
tryptophan operon.
MODULE III
Transposons : Types ; retroposons – Viral and nonviral super family; LINES and SINES. Reverse transcription,
retroviruses and retroviral genome.
Oncogenes: Characteristics of tumor cells, types, viruses as transforming agents (DNA and RNA virus), carcinogens,
tumor suppressor genes
Genetic recombination in Bacteria: Conjugation, transduction and transformation.
REFERENCES
1. Freifelder D, Molecular Biology, Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc
2. Lehninger A.L, NelsonD.L and CoxM.M, Principles of Biochemistry, Palgrave Macmillan
3. Stryer L, Berg J.M. and Tymoczko J.L, Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Co.
4. Zubay G, Biochemistry, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Publishers
30