borang pengesahan status tesis - Faculty of Electrical Engineering

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Windows are one of the most significant elements in the design of any building. Whether there are relatively small punched openings in the facade or a completely glazed curtain wall, windows is usually a dominant feature of the building's exterior appearance. Windows can appear highly reflective, darkly opaque, or transparent, revealing or hiding activity within the building. Their color, transparency, and reflected patterns can change with the time of day and weather.
8 Figure 2.1: Windows Although exterior appearance is important in architectural design, the traditional purpose of windows is to provide light, view, and fresh air for the occupants. As completely sealed, mechanically ventilated, and electrically-lit commercial buildings became the norm in the last half of the 20th century, the importance of windows in meeting the needs of occupants was diminished. There is a growing recognition, however, that even though light and air can be provided by other means, the benefits of windows are highly valued and contributes to the satisfaction, health, and productivity of building occupants. In addition to the trend toward more human-centered design, there is an urgent need for significant improvements in building energy performance in the immediate future. The challenge in designing facades and selecting windows in commercial buildings is balancing many issues and criteria. Technical issues such as structure, moisture control, acoustics, and security require complex tradeoffs cost is always a concern. Increasingly, costs are being viewed in a life cycle context that accounts for the impact of a window on long term operational, maintenance, and replacement costs as well as the initial expense. A critical concept that weaves together all of these concerns is high performance design, also referred to as sustainable design or green design. Generally, high performance design is intended to produce buildings that are energy
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA ` PSZ
Page 3 and 4: II “I declare that this thesis en
Page 5 and 6: IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremo
Page 7 and 8: VI ABSTRAK Dengan peningkatan kos t
Page 9 and 10: VIII I PROJECT OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Intro
Page 11 and 12: X IV PLAN AND STRATEGIES 58 4.1 Cas
Page 13 and 14: XII LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TITL
Page 15 and 16: XIV 4.3 Ang’s building (side view
Page 17 and 18: “I hereby declare that I have rea
Page 19 and 20: 2 generation in the Asia region is
Page 21 and 22: 4 1.2 Objective of The project The
Page 23: 6 1.5 Chapter Outline This thesis h
Page 27 and 28: 10 heating, cooling, and ventilatio
Page 29 and 30: 12 Figure 2.2: Heat gain Figure 2.3
Page 31 and 32: 14 2.2.4 The Effect of Windows on L
Page 33 and 34: 16 performance buildings. The desig
Page 35 and 36: 18 i ) Transmittance Transmittance
Page 37 and 38: 20 iii ) Absorptance Energy that is
Page 39 and 40: 22 • Solar Heat Gain Coefficient:
Page 41 and 42: 24 2.6 The operation of Smart Windo
Page 43 and 44: 26 3.1.1 Main Screen (WINDOW 5.2a L
Page 45 and 46: 28 Glazing System Library, or click
Page 47 and 48: 30 Figure 3.4: Calculate the whole
Page 49 and 50: 32 ID The unique ID associated with
Page 51 and 52: 34 SIMULATION RUN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Page 53 and 54: 36 to the program consists of a det
Page 55 and 56: 38 Internal Loads: Heat gain from i
Page 57 and 58: 40 2) Building Type: This selection
Page 59 and 60: 42 2) Zoning Pattern: Currently, th
Page 61 and 62: 44 Figure 3.9: Customized Building
Page 63 and 64: 46 3) Select vertices: Select the p
Page 65 and 66: 48 2) Glass Category and Type: Sele
Page 67 and 68: 50 Figure 3.14 : Activity Areas All
Page 69 and 70: 52 3.2.7 Occupied Loads by Activity
Page 71 and 72: 54 2) Occupancy/Lights/Equipment %:
Page 73 and 74: 56 Figure 3.19 : Comparison Monthly
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CHAPTER 4 PLAN AND STRATEGIES 4.1 C
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60 The total area for each floor is
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62 4.1.4 Load Estimation To obtain
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64 From the graph in Figure 4.5, th
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66 Below is the calculation for the
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68 Based on the information that I
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70 27 129,332.27 0.0469 2,507,383.4
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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA
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74 It has been demonstrated in this
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76 REFERENCES [1] "Shading and Sun
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78 APPENDIX A Daily consumption (RM
Page 97 and 98:
80 APPENDIX C 1 st to 5 th typical
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borang pengesahan status tesis - Faculty of Electrical Engineering

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