Structural Design of Pavements PART VI Structural ... - TU Delft

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Structural Design of Pavements PART VI Structural Evaluation and Strengthening of Flexible Pavements Using Deflection Measurements and Visual Condition Surveys January 2006 Prof.dr.ir. A.A.A. Molenaar
2 Table of contents: Preface 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Usage and condition dependent maintenance 6 3. Deflection measurement tools 7 3.1 Falling weight deflectometer 7 3.2 Benkelman beam 8 3.3 Lacroix deflectograph 9 3.4 Factors influencing the magnitude of the measured FWD deflections 10 4. Measurement plan 13 4.1 Estimation of the number of test points per section 13 4.2 Development of a measurement plan 14 5. Statistical treatment of raw deflection data and selection of a location representative for the (sub)section 18 6. Back calculation of layer moduli 26 6.1 Surface modulus 26 6.2 Back calculation of layer moduli 28 6.3 Example 29 7. Analysis of Benkelman beam and Lacroix deflectograph deflection bowls 33 8. Estimation of the remaining life using an empirical based method 38 9. Mechanistic procedures for remaining life estimations and overlay design 43 9.1 Basic principles 43 9.2 Extension of the basic principles 45 10. Extension of the simplified procedure to estimate critical stresses and strains 51 10.1 Relations between deflection bowl parameters and stresses and strains at various locations in the pavement 51 10.2 Temperature correction procedure 54 10.3 Relationships with other strength indicators such as SNC 54 10.4 Relationships between falling weight deflections and deflections measured with the Benkelman beam 55 11. Remaining life estimation from visual condition surveys 56 12. Procedures to estimate material characteristics 58 12.1 Fatigue characteristics of asphalt mixtures 58 12.2 Deformation resistance of unbound base materials 59 12.3 Subgrade strain criterion 59 12.4 Maximum tensile strain at bottom of the bound base 59 13. Overlay design in relation to reflective cracking 61 13.1 Overlay design method based on effective modulus concept 61 13.2 Method based on stress intensity factors 63 13.3 Ovelay design method based on beam theory 64 13.4 Effects of reinforcements, geotextiles, SAMI’s and other interlayer systems 69 13.5 Load transfer across cracks 70 14. Effect of pavement roughness on the rate of deterioration 72 References 73
Page 1: CT 4860 Structural Design of Paveme
Page 5 and 6: 4 1. Introduction: These lecture no
Page 7 and 8: 6 2. Usage and condition dependent
Page 9 and 10: 8 When a swimmer makes a nice dive
Page 11 and 12: 10 Figure 5: Principle of the autom
Page 13 and 14: 12 From the text given above it is
Page 15 and 16: 14 As shown in figure 7, 3 zones ca
Page 17 and 18: 16 Figure 9: Placement of loading p
Page 19 and 20: 18 5. Statistical treatment of raw
Page 21 and 22: 20 Figure 10: Results of a deflecti
Page 23 and 24: 22 Figure 12: Cumulative sum of the
Page 25 and 26: 24 Section Locations Mean SCI SD SC
Page 27 and 28: 26 6. Back calculation of layer mod
Page 29 and 30: 28 The drawn line indicates a pavem
Page 31 and 32: 30 The clayey subgrade was covered
Page 33 and 34: 32 Section I Temp Force Layer E-mod
Page 35 and 36: 34 [N] [mm] [mm] [MPa] [N] [mm] [mm
Page 37 and 38: 36 Based on these calculations, eva
Page 39 and 40: 38 8. Estimation of the remaining p
Page 41 and 42: 40 Figure 25: Load configuration us
Page 43 and 44: 42 If we assume e.g. that the defle
Page 45 and 46: 44 Figure 27: Relationship between
Page 47 and 48: 46 resistance, some parts of the pa
Page 49 and 50: 48 Log ε = 0.481 + 0.881 log SCI 3
Page 51 and 52: 50 b 3 = 1.0153 b 4 = -7.73 x 10 -6
Page 53 and 54:
52 10. Extension of the simplified
Page 55 and 56:
54 Compressive vertical strain at t
Page 57 and 58:
56 This relationship opens possibil
Page 59 and 60:
58 The remaining pavement life can
Page 61 and 62:
60 estimation of the bitumen and mi
Page 63 and 64:
62 the composition and the degree o
Page 65 and 66:
64 The life of the overlay N can si
Page 67 and 68:
66 Table 7b: Relationship between K
Page 69 and 70:
68 Figure 41: Relationship between
Page 71 and 72:
70 From the nature of the equation
Page 73 and 74:
72 σ σ t Γ ε Figure 43: Strengt
Page 75 and 76:
74 14. Effects of pavement roughnes
Page 77:
76 16. Bekker, P.C.F. Pavement perf
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Structural Design of Pavements PART VI Structural ... - TU Delft

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