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(PFCAs) were common, and where mean concentrations of PFOS (9.06-132 ng/L) >PFOA (15.8-158 ng/L) >PFHxA (n.d-56.3 ng/L) > PFDeA (5.58-30.2 ng/L) > PFHpA (n.d-46.3 ng/L) > PFNA (2.23-12.1 ng/L) > PFUnA (nd.-9.34 ng/L). Spatial distribution simulation showed the highest contamination area was the east region of the lake, followed by the south region. The north and the west regions appeared relatively less contaminated. The spatial distribution patterns of individual PFCs were significantly different. The concentration distributions of C6,C8, C9, and C11 PFCs in East Lake were described by the normal distribution. Variation of PFCs concentrations and weak correlation suggested the existence of different PFCs emission sources. From a spatial aspect, increases in PFCs pollution levels correlated with increased urbanization suggested there are point and nonpoint sources contributors to the PFCs pollution in this area. Concentrations of PFOS in the most regions except the north region exceed water advisory limit (43 ng/L) indicating a potential adverse effect to aquatic organism in East Lake. The total concentrations of PFCs (C6-C10) ranged from 8.90 to 568 ng/ L in HR. PFOA (
is nd – 4020 ng•g-1,1030 – 75800 ng•g-1,2270 – 39900 ng•g-1, respectively. BDE-209 is the major congener accounting for approximately 90% of total PBDEs, which indicates a low debromination rate in stable indoor environment. PBDEs are generally evenly distributed in floor dust, with only one sample exceeding others by a factor of 10. The variability of PBDE level in desk surface dust and dust inside computer is relatively high, which may lead to wider variation of exposure risk amongst office workers. Keywords: PBDEs, large open-plan office, indoor dust, occurrence and fate, potential exposure Photochemical and Acoustic Interactions of Biochar with CO2 and H2O: Applications on Gasification and CO2 Capture Wei-Yin Chen, Dan Mattern Abstract: CO2 fixation on carbon is often the first reaction step in CO2 utilization. A critical literature review suggests that aromatic compounds react with CO2 in aqueous solutions at mild temperatures and atmospheric pressure through mild thermal and photocatalytic treatments. Moreover, the impacts of acoustic cavitation induced sonochemical reactions, such as water splitting, graphene oxide exfoliation, and mineral removal on CO2 interactions with carbonaceous material is an unexplored but potentially fruitful research subject. A biochar was selected for ultrasonic and photocatalytic treatments with CO2 and H2O at a mild temperature for revealing its distinctive chemical characteristics. The treatment results in the following remarkable changes in biochar: up to 50% increase in heating value, 16-fold increase in internal surface area, significant removal of minerals (Si, K, Na and Fe) detrimental in power generation, 9% additions of hydrogen, and, 13% addition (fixation) of carbon. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy suggests that carboxylation occurs during these treatments. Changes in surface area during these treatments suggest that ultrasound and photo-irradiation exfoliates the graphene oxide clusters and produces graphene oxide (GO) platelets. Increase in heating value is a combined result of carbon fixation, mineral removal and, in some cases, hydrogenation. These observations suggest that the governing reactions in the process are likely to have potentially high benefits on the development of two major technologies, whch will be discussed in the conference: solid fuel pretreatment prior to gasification that uses CO2 as the gasification medium, and, CO2 capture by char, functionalized nanographene oxide (GO) and nanographene oxide framework (GOF), which has not been a focus of CO2 capture study. From NPDES to TMDL, Evolution and Challenges of Water Pollution Control in the USA Charles Cheng, Ph.D. ( 程群 ) San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board, Cal/EPA Tel: (858) 627-3930, Email: ccheng@waterboards.ca.gov Abstract: Prior to the enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972, water pollution control in the United States was largely ineffective. There were two major problems, one was lack of federal regulations, resulting in many states adopting business-friendly approach and relaxing regulations; the other was lack of national water quality standards, making enforcement impracticable. Ineffective government regulation and lack of enforcement actions led to seriously degradation of nation‟s water quality. The CWA drastically changed the philosophy and strategy of water pollution control in the USA. Notably, the CWA created two major strategies to control surface water pollution. One is controlling point source pollutions through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), which has led to significant improvement of water quality. The other is controlling both point and non-point source pollutions through the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) program. TMDLs have been required by CWA but no TMDLs were established until recent years, litigation was the driving force behind the emergence of TMDLs as an important program. TMDLs provide measurable, enforceable, and more effective controls for nonpoint source pollutions, as well as a mechanism for integrating both point and nonpoint pollution source controls. From NPDES permit to TMDL program, it represents a revolution, a paradigm shift, and challenges in surface water pollution control in the USA. Keywords: water quality, pollution control, point source, non-point source 5
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings 2013 International Envi
Page 3 and 4: Content SCCAEPA OCEESA Congratulati
Page 5 and 6: Recent SCCAEPA Activities Introduct
Page 7: Recent OCEESA Activities OCEESA’s
Page 10 and 11: Conference at a Glance Thursday, Au
Page 12 and 13: Friday, August 9, 2013 Friday 8:30
Page 14 and 15: Friday, August 9, 2013 Friday 8:30
Page 16 and 17: Technical Program Session 1A-F TECH
Page 22 and 23: Abstract
Page 24 and 25: their advantages to deal with dynam
Page 28 and 29: Streamlined Approach for Environmen
Page 30 and 31: Keywords: adsorption; agricultural
Page 32 and 33: acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid in t
Page 34 and 35: experiment, the best growth conditi
Page 36 and 37: obtained. Under this optimal condit
Page 38 and 39: espectively. Zeta potential measure
Page 40 and 41: water flow. Afterwards, we set up a
Page 42 and 43: Department of Water Pollution Contr
Page 44 and 45: instantaneous reliability of water
Page 46 and 47: acteria were obtained at last which
Page 48 and 49: 1Department of Environmental Scienc
Page 50 and 51: Inactivation of viruses in environm
Page 52 and 53: 2003, 2008, and 2013. “Core” co
Page 54 and 55: California Institute of Technology,
Page 56 and 57: groundwater is stored prior to bein
Page 58 and 59: Science and Engineering,Tokyo Insti
Page 60 and 61: Wastewater Management and Applicati
Page 62 and 63: deposition flux. The dry deposition
Page 64 and 65: acidification without adding any bu
Page 66 and 67: mg L-1. HA and starch produced less
Page 68 and 69: iogas produced rate. The COD, TSS a
Page 70 and 71: Approach/Activities. Based on the s
Page 72 and 73: emission. It was observed that only
Page 74 and 75: (GAOs) in the denitrifying dephosph
Page 76 and 77:
appropriate method and obtain the c
Page 78 and 79:
same EPS extraction method, the TSS
Page 80 and 81:
specific surface area and morpholog
Page 82 and 83:
Research and Solution of Occupation
Page 84 and 85:
Special Workshop and Forum Soil and
Page 86:
Online Journal Southern California
Page 90:
Fifth
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