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acteria were obtained at last which were respective Proteus mirabilis strain - singular Proteus strains
and Bacillus methylotrophicus strain - methyl nutrition Bacillus. Then two kinds of predominant bacteria
were added into the aerobic composting again with the reactor volume quantity of 1.5%, according to the
different ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1. Compared to the control test, the results showed that the
composting effect of kitchen waste was the best for the ratio of 2:1, and C/N and the seeds germination
rate were 4.89 and 95.9% respectively. The aerobic composting period of kitchen waste and straw was
shorted at 22 days, and compared with the control test, moisture content, the organic matter and TN were
reduced respectively by 1.90%, 4.27% and 11.96%. The change regularity of pH value and ammonia
showed increase at first and then decrease, while the electrical conductivity was increased at first and
then stabilized. These results indicate that fertilizer made by kitchen waste and straw had the stabilization
of plants, and met the harmless requirements of fully maturity.
Keywords: kitchen waste; straw; aerobic composting; composting period;
Elimination of veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from swine wastewater in
the constructed wetlands
Chaoxiang Liu 1 , Lin Liu 1 , Jie Liao 2 , Jiayu Zheng 1 , Xu Huang 1
1 Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
2 College of Environ. Sci. and Engin., Xiamen university of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
Tel: +86-592-6190781, Fax: +86-592-6190781, Email: cxliu@iue.ac.cn
Abstract: This paper investigated the efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs) at removing three
common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin HCl, oxytetracycline HCl, and sulfamethazine) and tetracycline
resistance (tet) genes (tetM, tetO, and tetW) from swine wastewater. The result indicated that the CW
could significantly reduce the wastewater antibiotics content, and elimination rates were in the following
sequence: oxytetracycline HCl > ciprofloxacin HCl > sulfamethazine. A higher concentration of antibiotics
accumulated in the surface soil than in the media and vegetation, indicating that soil plays the main role in
antibiotics removal from wastewater in CWs. The characteristics of the wetland medium may affect the
antibiotic resistance gene removal capability of the system; the total absolute abundances of three tet
genes and of 16S rRNA were reduced by about 50% in the CWs.
Keywords: Constructed wetland, Swine wastewater, Antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance genes.
Applying AQUATOX in determining the ecological risk assessment of nutrients in Baiyangdian
Lake, North China
J.L. Liu*, L.L. Zhang
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control and School of
Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China, E-Mail: Jingling@bnu.edu.cn,
zhanglulu19850703@163.com
Abstract: There is a growing interest in the application of ecological models to improve the ecological risk
assessment (ERA) of chemicals. For this study, the AQUATOX model was adapted using 18 pelagic and
benthic populations derived from field data obtained at Baiyangdian Lake between April 2009 and March
2010. The model was evaluated to examine its utility in assessing the ecological risk of nutrients in aquatic
ecosystems. Model parameters were calibrated to simulate the complex seasonal patterns of Baiyangdian
Lake biomass populations. Sensitivity analysis revealed the potential importance of indirect effects and
demonstrated the vital role of parameter values in determining the biomass of each trophic level. The model
was highly sensitive to parameters related to temperature limitations and respiration rates. Moreover, it was
effective in estimating risks associated with the direct toxic nutrients effects of each population and the
indirect ecological effects distributed through the coupled pelagic-benthic food web. Comparison analysis
determined the model could provide a good basis in ascertaining ecological protection levels of “chemicals of
concern” for aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, AQUATOX can potentially be used to provide necessary
information corresponding to early warning and rapid forecasting of pollutant transport and fate in the
management of chemicals that put aquatic ecosystems at risk.
Keywords: Ecological risk assessment; AQUATOX; Baiyangdian Lake; Eutrophication; pelagic-benthic food
web
Influence of continuous Zn (II) on the organic degradation capability and soluble microbial
products (SMP) of activated sludge
Yan Liu 1 , Jing-chao Han 1 , Xiang Liu 1 , Yi Zhang 1 , Yang-wei Yan 1 , Rui-hua Dai 1 , Xiao-song Zha 1 ,
Luming Ma 2
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