1. 顔料表面の化学的性質と分散安定性評価

Chemical Properties of Pigment Surface and Dispersion Stability
Ishimori Motokazu
The pigment-dispersing process consists of three main steps, which are wetting, milling and stabilization
of pigment particles. Stabilization is the most important step among the three steps and
mainly depends on the chemical properties of the pigment surface. In this article, some of the
chemical properties are explained. In addition, the relationship between the stabilization and the
evaluated values or parameters of the pigment surface is also explained.
1
(1)
[](2)
[](3) [
]
(Fig.1)
Fig.1 Image of dispersion and aggregation of particles.
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[]
[]
[]
[]
[
]
[]
DLVO
Vmax/kT>15
Table 1
100mV
1)
100mV
Table 1 Relation between -potential and Vmax/kT
for Various Particle Radius (r) 1)
- Vmax/kT
potential
(mV) r=1m r=0.1m r=0.01m
25 13 { {
35 26 1 {
50 62 4 {
75 152 11 {
100 286 20 {
150 662 54 4
HLB(Hydrophile-Lipophile
Balance) (SP)
DIC Technical Review No.5/1999 1

SP ( d ) ( p )
( h )
2)
3)
Table 2
Table 2 Relation between Chemical Properties and
Measured Values or Parameters of Pigment Surface
Chemical Property
Measured Value
Parameter Hydrophilic Acidic
/Hydrophobic /Basic
HLB
SP
Amounts of resin adsorption
Titration value of acid or base
Amounts of acid or base adsorption
Isoelectric point
Heat of acid or base adsorption
Ka, Kb
relate partly relate not relate
2
2.1 HLB
HLB
(1) HLB
20
HLB = (Wp=Ws) 1 20 (1)
Wp Ws
Ws = 1000Wp = 600 HLB = 12
Pascal 4) HLB
HLB
HLB
(Table 3)
HLB
2.2 (SP)
SP
SP
(1E)
(Vm)
SP
SP Hansen
2;5) SP
( d ) ( p ) ( h ) 3
70
(Table 4)
33
(Table 5)
53
SP (Table 6)
1 SP
2 SP SP SP
SP 42
SP
6) SP 31
SP 7) Shareef
SP 8)
15
3)
SP 3 ( d p h )
3
2.1 HLB
HLB SP
SP
SP SP
2 DIC Technical Review No.5/1999

Table 3 Required HLB Values - Pigment Colors 4)
Pigments
Required HLB
{Organics{
BON red dark 6 - 8
Toluidine red medium 8 - 10
Toluidine yellow 9 - 11
Phthalocyanine green (yellow shade) 12 - 14
Phthalocyanine green (blue shade) 10 - 12
Phthalocyanine blue (red shade) 11 - 13
Phthalocyanine blue (intermediate shade) 14 - 16
Phthalocyanine blue (intermediate shade) 14 - 16
Phthalocyanine blue (green shade) 14 - 16
\Green-Gold" 11 - 13
Quinacridone violet 11 - 13
Quinacridone red 12 - 14
High strength azo yellow 13 - 15
{Inorganics{
Lampblack 10 - 12
Red iron oxide 13 - 15
Molybdate orange 16 - 18
Rutile titanium dioxide 17 - 20
Chrome yellow medium 18 - 20
Yellow iron oxide 20+
Table 4 Components of the Solubility Parameter
for Solvents 2) Solvents d p h
15 m-Cresol 8.82 3.0 6.1
22A Methylcellosolve 7.9 4.5 7.9
29 Acetone 7.58 5.7 2.0
35 Ethyl acetate 7.44 4.6 2.5
45 Dimethyl formamide 8.52 6.7 5.5
58 Toluene 8.67 1.0 2.0
Table 5 Characteristic Parameters for Polymers
and Resins 5)
Polymers o do po ho ao R Ao
B 11.3 9.2 5.0 4.2 6.5 4.0
C 11.5 8.5 5.5 5.5 7.8 4.7
D 9.4 8.5 2.5 3.0 3.9 5.3
E 11.2 9.4 3.2 5.1 6.0 5.0
G 9.8 8.6 3.0 2.0 3.6 3.5
J 10.8 7.0 7.0 4.3 8.2 5.5
[Polymer]
BPoly(methy methacrylate)
CEpikote 1001-epoxy
DPlexal P65-66% oil length alkyd
EPentalyn 830-alcohol soluble rosin resin
GPolystyrene LG
J 1/2 Sec. Nitrocellulose-H 23
SP
9)
SP
Table 6 Characteristic Parameters for Various
Pigments 5)
Pigments o do po ho ao R Ao
1 16.8 11.8 7.3 9.5 12.0 8.4
3 10.0 8.7 3.5 3.5 5.0 2.5
7 10.5 9.6 3.0 3.2 4.4 3.9
10 12.0 10.8 3.5 4.0 5.3 5.2
11 12.0 10.0 4.8 4.5 6.6 4.8
14 11.5 9.6 5.2 3.6 6.3 4.4
25 9.1 9.0 2.7 2.3 3.6 2.5
[Pigment]
1TiO2 3C.I.pigment red 48 (Mn)
7C.I.pigment red 57 (Ca) 10C.I.pigment blue 15
11C.I.pigment green 7 14C.I.pigment violet 23
25C.I.pigment yellow 12
10)
3
Arrhenius
Broensted-Lowry Lewis
(D N )
(A N ) 11) Drago
(E A E B ) (C A C B )
12)
DIC Technical Review No.5/1999 3

3.1
Sorensen
13) Sorensen Lewis
Lewis
(Table 7)
3.2
3.2.1
Fowkes (2) Drago
E A E B C A C B
12)
PMMA PMMA
(E B = 3:56C B = 1:99)PMMA
50
01H AB E A E B C A C B (2)
3.2.2
14)
Table 7 Evaluation of Binders 13)
Type Commercial Name Basic Acid Amphoteric Neutral
CELLULOSICS
Cellulose esters CAB *
ACRYLICS
MMA Elvacite 2013 *
EMA Elvacite 2043 *
Polyacrylate Parloid B72 *
Synedol 2263 XB *
POLYAMIDES
Alcohol soluble Versamid 758 ***
POLYURETHANES
Estane 5707 IF *
Polyisocyanate Desmodur N *
Polyisocyanate Desmodur L *
4 DIC Technical Review No.5/1999

15)
3.2.3
28
n-
16)
3.2.4
17)
IEP
pH
(Fig.2) 18)
Fig.2 Zeta-potentials of some pigments in various
pH values. 18)
T-1:non treated T-2:acid treated T-4:base treated
pH
pH
(T-1)
(T-2)
(T-4)
TI
(Fig.3)TI 1
IEP TI 1
IEP
IEP
Labib (D N ) 9
11
D N
(Table 8) 11)
3.2.5
n-
18)
TI
3.2.6 (KaKb)
Schreiber Inverse Gas Chromatography(IGC)
(Ka
Kb)
19)
DIC Technical Review No.5/1999 5

Fig.3 Relation of isoelectric points of phthalocyanine pigments and TI values in acidic, basic and amphoteric
resins. 18)
acidic resin basic resin amphoteric resin
(Ka)
(Kb) 20) (3)
(Isp) (0.5

5101) 5g 100ml
pH
10 %
pH DIN/ISO787
Schroeder
22)
() 1999
2
1) : \ 7 ", p. 31,
(1982).
2) C. M. Hansen, J. Paint Technol., 39, (505),104
(1967).
3) , : , 55,459(1982).
4) R. H. Pascal, F. L. Reig, Ocial Digest, 36,839
(1964).
5) C. M. Hansen, J. Paint Technol., 39, (511),505
(1967).
6) , , , , ,
: , 47,412(1974).
7) , , : , 67,489(1994).
8) K. M. A. Shareef, M. Yaseen, M. Mahmood. Ali,
P. J. Reddy, J. Coatings Technol., 58, (733),35
(1986).
9) , , : , 62,524(1989).
10) , , : , 63,744(1990).
11) M. E. Labib, R. Williams, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
97, (2),356(1984).
12) F. M. Fowkes, M. A. Mostafa, Ind. Eng. Chem.
Prod. Res. Dev., 17, (1),3(1978).
13) P. Sorensen, J. Paint Technol., 47(602),31(1975).
14) , , : , 61,692(1988).
15) , : , 67,547(1994).
16) , , : , 52,306(1979).
17) F. M. Fowkes, Dis.Faraday Soc., 42,246(1966).
18) , , : , 65,155(1992).
19) H. P. Schreiber,70th Anniversary Conference on
Colour Materials, Oct.22-24, Tokyo,2C-2V, (1997).
20) U. Panzer, H. P. Schreiber, Macromolecules, 25,
(14),3633(1992).
21) , , : 1994
, ,10B-07(1994).
22) J. Schroeder, Prog.Org.Coatings, 19,227(1991).
Ishimori Motokazu
DIC Technical Review No.5/1999 7

8 DIC Technical Review No.5/1999