The surface science of titanium dioxide - Niser

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62 U. Diebold / Surface Science Reports 48 (2003) 53±229 Table 1 (Continued ) Linear coefficient of thermal expansion (a 10 6 , 8C 1 ), rutile 8.19 0±500 Temperature (8C) Anisotropyof linear coefficient of thermal expansion (a 10 6 , 8C 1 ), rutile Parallel to c-axis Perpendicular to c-axis Temperature (8C) a ˆ 8:816 10 6 ‡ a ˆ 7:249 10 6 ‡ 30±650 3:653 10 9 T‡ 2:198 10 9 T‡ 6:329 10 12 T 2 1:198 10 12 T 2 Modulus of normal elasticity E (GPa) (rutile) 244.0 4000 254.5 4100 273.0 4200 284.2 4250 289.4 Density(kg/m 3 ) Hardness on mineralogical scale (Mohs scale) 5±6.5 Microhardness (MPa) Load P 10 5 N 6001.88 98070 rutile 7845.66±1961.40 49035±98070 rutile, Compressibilitycoefficient, b, 10 11 m 2 /N, rutile Pressure, p, 10 11 m 2 (N Pa) 0.59 125 273 Electrical resistance (rutile) Temperature (K) Resistivity(O m) 773 3 10 5 1073 1:2 10 2 1473 8:50 10 2 Thermoelectric properties (rutile) Temperature (K) Thermo-emf coefficient (mV/K) 400 0.75 600 2.75 800 6 1000 9 1200 12 Temperature (K) 398±923 K
U. Diebold / Surface Science Reports 48 (2003) 53±229 63 Table 1 (Continued ) Galvanometric properties (rutile) Hall constant (m 3 /c) (rutile) Temperature (K) 2 10 6 500 Electron mobility, m (cm 2 /V s) TiO 2 (rutile) 1 [209] TiO 2 (anatase) 10 [209] Dielectric properties Frequency(Hz) Temperature (K) Dielectric constant rutile, perpendicular 10 8 290±295 86 to optical axis rutile, parallel to ± 290±295 170 optical axis rutile, perpendicular 10 4 298 160 to c-axis rutile, along c-axis 10 7 303 100 Band gap (eV) rutile 3.0 (indirect) [209] anatase 3.2 (indirect) [209] Refractive index n g n m n p a-TiO 2 (rutile) 2.908 ± 2.621 b-TiO 2 (anatase) 2.488 ± 2.561 g-TiO 2 (brookite) 2.7004 2.5843 2.5831 TiO 2 (rutile) 2.9467 ± 2.6506 TiO 2 (anatase) 2.5688 ± 2.6584 TiO 2 (brookite) 2.809 ± 2.677 Integral normal emissivity, e (smooth surface) (rutile) Temperature (K) 0.82 400 0.83 500 0.84 600 0.85 700 0.86 800 0.87 900 0.875 1000 0.88 1100 0.89 1200 0.90 1300 Monochromatic normal emissivity, e ln (powder) (rutile) Wavelength, l (nm) 0.27 1.0 1223 0.15 2.0 1223 Temperature (K)
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predicting a varietyof properties o
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Table 6 Summary of growth results o
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Mo/rutile (1 1 0) Ti 3‡ and Ti 2
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epitaxial growth of superconductors
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